An introduction to immunology

1
(No Transcript)
2
An introduction to immunology
Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003

• Aim A very general introduction to immunology.
  Explain how molecular interactions are essential
  for the immune system.
• Why Several articles in this seminar deals with
  interaction between molecules in the immune
  system.
• Some extra motivation why studies of biomolecular
  interactions are important.

Pierre Dönnes pierre_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Annette Höglund annette_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Andreas Hildebrandt anhi_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
3
Outline of the talk
Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003

• Definition of Immunology
• History of immunology
• Innate and adaptive immunity
• Humoral and cellular responses B and T cells
  (specific interactions)
• Cancer
• HIV/AIDS

Pierre Dönnes pierre_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Annette Höglund annette_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Andreas Hildebrandt anhi_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
4
Immunology
Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003

• Immunology is the study of our protection from
  foreign macromolecules or invading organisms and
  our responses to them.
• Host e.g. me!!!!
• Foreign macromolecule, antigen e.g. virus
  protein, worm, parasite (Everything that should
  not be in my body)

Pierre Dönnes pierre_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Annette Höglund annette_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Andreas Hildebrandt anhi_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
5
A Short History of Immunology
Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003

• 430 B.C Peloponesian War, Thucydides describes
  plague the ones who had recovered from the
  disease could nurse the sick without getting the
  disease a second time
• 15th centurry Chinese and Turks use dried crusts
  of smallpox as vaccine
• 1798 Edward Jenner smallpox vaccine

Pierre Dönnes pierre_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Annette Höglund annette_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Andreas Hildebrandt anhi_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
6
Jenner - Smallpox vaccine
Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003

• Noticed that milkmades that had contracted cowpox
  did NOT get smallpox
• Test on an 8 year old boy, injected cowpox into
  him (NOT very nice)
• Follwed by exposure to smallpox
• Vaccine was invented (latin vacca means cow)

Pierre Dönnes pierre_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Annette Höglund annette_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Andreas Hildebrandt anhi_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
7
Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003
Pierre Dönnes pierre_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Annette Höglund annette_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Andreas Hildebrandt anhi_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
8
Immunology history cont.
Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003

• Since 1901 there have been 19 Nobel Prizes for
  immunological research.
• Examples Discovery of human blood groups (1930)
  and Transplantation immunology(1991)

Pierre Dönnes pierre_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Annette Höglund annette_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Andreas Hildebrandt anhi_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
9
The immune system
Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003
Immune system

• Anatomic barriers (Skin,mucous membranes)
• Physological barriers (temperature, pH)
• Phagocytic Barriers (cells that eat invaders)
• Inflammatory barriers (redness, swelling, heat
  and pain)

• Antigen specificity
• Diversity
• Immunological memory
• Self/nonself recognition

Pierre Dönnes pierre_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Annette Höglund annette_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Andreas Hildebrandt anhi_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
10
Humoral and cellular immunity (antibody mediated
or cellular)
Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003
Pierre Dönnes pierre_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Annette Höglund annette_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Andreas Hildebrandt anhi_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
11
B cells
Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003
Surface bound antibody
B-cell
Pierre Dönnes pierre_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Annette Höglund annette_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Andreas Hildebrandt anhi_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
12
Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003
Antibody secreting B cell
Virus killed
Pierre Dönnes pierre_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Annette Höglund annette_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Andreas Hildebrandt anhi_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
13
T cells
Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003

• Two types
• Helper T cells (Th) activates other cells
• Cytotoxic T cells (Tc) can kill other cells
• T cells can only recognize antigens associated
  with certain molecules (MHC)

Pierre Dönnes pierre_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Annette Höglund annette_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de
Andreas Hildebrandt anhi_at_bioinf.uni-sb.de