APEIS Capacity Building Workshop on Integrated Environmental Monitoring of AsiaPacific Region

1

• APEIS Capacity Building Workshop on Integrated
  Environmental Monitoring of Asia-Pacific Region

Integrated Ecosystem Assessment of Western
China
Jiyuan Liu, Shidong Zhao, Deng Xiangzheng, Liu
Mingliang Institute of Geographic Sciences and
Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of
Sciences
2
Contents

• Objectives
• Substantive focus
• Basis
• Arrangement
• Joint research between Millennium Ecosystem
  Assessment (MA) and APEIS

3
1. Objectives

• To establish scientific basis for ecosystem
  protection, management and reconstruction.
• To integrate existing research achievements from
  institutions of China and to strengthen the
  capacity for the long-term rolling assessment of
  ecosystems in the Western China
• To disseminate ecological knowledge to the public
  and to support decision makings of governments at
  all levels

4
2. Substantive focus

• 2.1 Methodology for Integrated Assessment
  Approaches
• To establish indicator system and standards of
  ecosystem assessment applied to the Western China
  in terms of MA
• To establish model base and model base management
  system
• To design models for transforming information at
  various scales
• To gradually complete the integration of data
  information system, model base management system
  and decision-making support system for ecosystem
  assessment and protection

5

• 2.2 Assessment of ecosystem conditions
• To assess conditions and situation of
  agricultural, forest, grassland, lake, wetland
  and desert ecosystems
• To reconstruction and analyze their changes in
  past 20-50 years
• To especially answer questions on whether and how
  the ecosystems have been deteriorated (analyzing
  the geophysical- and human-based driving foreces)

6

• 2.3 Scenarios
• To forecast future changes of various ecosystems
  of the Western China driven by both global
  climate change and human activities for western
  development

7

• 2.4 Evaluating the existing policies and
  proposing the corresponding suggestions
• To analyze driving forces from policies and
  assess the efficiency and effectiveness of
  environmental policies
• To make measures for environmental emergency
  responses available

8

• 2.5 Capacity Building
• To make standardized integration of existing
  database from different sectors
• To collect, classify and digitize existing
  research achievements and observation data of
  ecological station
• To construct remote sensing monitoring system
  (MODIS and Landsat) and spatial information
  platform that are necessary to integrated
  ecosystem assessment of the Western China

9
Major ecological zones in China
5A
4A
4B
4C
3D
4D
3A
3C
3B
6CD
6AB
2A
1A
10
1A Tropical, south subtropical humid area

• Temperature
• daily mean air temperature within 365 days is
  higher than 10?C
• mean air temperature in January10 15?C

• Annual precipitation
• 1000 2000 mm

Typical natural ecosystem Tropical rainforest,
monsoon forest
11
2A Subtropical humid area

• Temperature
• daily mean air temperature within 220 365 days
  is higher than 10?C
• mean air temperature in January0 12?C

• Annual precipitation
• 800 1800 mm

Typical natural ecosystem broad-leaved evergreen
forest
12
3A Warm temperate humid area

• Temperature
• daily mean air temperature within 170 220 days
  is higher than 10?C
• mean air temperature in January-6 0?C

• Annual precipitation
• 600 1000 mm

Typical natural ecosystem deciduous broad-leaved
forest
13
4A Middle temperate humid area
Annual precipitation 6001000 mm

• Temperature
• daily mean air temperature within 100 171 days
  is higher than 10?C
• mean air temperature in January-12 ?C

Typical natural ecosystem coniferous and
broad-leaved mixed forest
14
5A Cold-temperate humid area

• Temperature
• daily mean air temperature within 100 days is
  higher than 10?C
• mean air temperature in January -20?C

• Annual precipitation
• 400 800 mm

Typical natural ecosystem coniferous forest
15
3B Warm temperate semi-humid area

• Temperature
• daily mean air temperature within 170 220 days
  is higher than 10?C
• mean air temperature in January-6 0?C

• Annual precipitation
• 450 800 mm

Typical natural ecosystem forest steppe
16
4B Middle temperate semi-humid area
Annual precipitation 400 600 mm

• Temperature
• daily mean air temperature within 100 171 days
  is higher than 10?C
• mean air temperature in January-12 ?C

Typical natural ecosystem forest steppe
17
6AB Plateau humid and semi-humid area

• Temperature
• Annual mean temperature 0 16 ?C
• mean temperature in January -4 8 ?C

• Annual precipitation
• 400 800 mm

Typical natural ecosystem high-cold meadow and
bush meadow
18
3C Warm temperate semi-arid area

• Annual precipitation
• 200 450 mm

• Temperature
• daily mean air temperature within 170 220 days
  is higher than 10?C
• mean air temperature in January-6 0?C

Typical natural ecosystem grassland
19
4C Middle temperate semi-arid area
Annual precipitation 200 450 mm

• Temperature
• daily mean air temperature within 100 171 days
  is higher than 10?C
• mean air temperature in January-12 ?C

Typical natural ecosystem grassland
20
3D Warm temperate arid area

• Temperature
• daily mean air temperature within 170 218 days
  is higher than 10?C
• mean air temperature in January-6 0?C

Annual precipitation less than 200 mm
Typical natural ecosystem desert
21
4D Middle temperate arid area

• Temperature
• daily mean air temperature within 100 171 days
  is higher than 10?C
• mean air temperature in January-12 ?C

Annual precipitation less than 200 mm
Typical natural ecosystem semi-desert and desert
22
6CD High-cold arid and semi-arid area
Annual precipitation 50 400 mm

• Temperature
• annual mean temperature -4 0?C
• mean temperature in January less than -20?C

Typical natural ecosystem high-cold grassland
and high-cold desert
23
Brief description on the typical areas

• Several typical areas were selected for deeply
  studied in order to reveal the mechanism and
  evolution of ecosystems and to find the
  countermeasures for environmental protection of
  the Western China

24
Area of integrated ecosystem assessment, the
western China
?????????
G3
G3
G2
G1
G4
G5
25
Map of soil erosion in China
26
The spatial distribution pattern of agricultural
ecosystem in China
27
The spatial distribution pattern of forest
ecosystem in China
28
The spatial distribution pattern of grassland
ecosystem in China
29
The spatial distribution pattern of unused land
in China
30
Typical area in Yulin Prefecture(G1)

• A transition area of Loess Plateau and Maowusu
  Desert

31
MODIS image of the transition area of Loess
Plateau and Maowusu Desert
32
Typical area in Manas river(G3)

• Oasis dispensed in front of the north Tianshan
  mountains

ETM image of the northern slope of Tianshan
mountain
33
MODIS image of the northern Xinjiang
34
Technical support system for integrated ecosystem
assessment of western China

• A conceptual framework was designed to to
  integrate data information system (DIS),
  ecosystem assessment system (EAS) and
  decision-making support system (DSS) to building
  a technical support system for integrated
  ecosystem assessment of Western China

35
Data and Information System(DIS)
Visual platform of DIS
Data warehouse

Hydrology
Geology
Geomorphology
Soil
Vegetation
Climate
Policy-management
Society-culture
Economy
Population
Data sources
Remote sensing
Ecosystem research network
Environment monitoring
Investigation on-the-spot
Statistics
Research results
36
Ecosystem Assessment System(EAS)
Diagnosis and assessment
Scenarios development
Model base

Models for analyzing natural properties
Models for inversion of past history
Models for analyzing social-economic properties
Models for assessment of current situation
Models for analyzing driving forces
Models for forecast of future change
Models for multi-scale issues
Models for transformation of information at
various scales
37
Decision-Making Support System(DSS)
Assessment of existing policies and measures
Suggestions of improving the policies
Response Options
Measures for environmental emergency responses
Information Input
Information feedback
38
Integration of DIS?EAS and DSS as Well as the
Rolling Development
Decision support system(DSS)
Ecosystem assessment system(EAS)
One rolling improvement in each 5 years
Data information system(DIS)
39
3. Scientific Basis

• 3.1 Spatial and temporal database on the whole
  China
• 1)Land use and land cover
• Situationcultivated land, forest land,
  grassland, desert, water and urban area
• Historyfrom 1980s to 1990s
• 2)Ecological environment
• Climate (precipitation, temperature, radiation
  and humidity)
• Topography (altitude, slope and azimuth)
• Soil (type, nutrient, texture and so on)

40
National Resources and Environment Database
41
(No Transcript)
42

• 3)Census dataset
• Gross domestic product output
• Investment for agriculture covering irrigation,
  fertilizer and pesticide consumption, labor and
  machinery
• Infrastructure covering transportation and
  communication
• Alteration on Administrative division
• Education
• Welfare
• Demography

43
Collinearity diagnoses
44

• 3.2 Remote sensing database
• Landsat-TM image database(1990, 1996 and 2000)
• NOAA-AVHRR image database

45
Data handling process
1989/1990 1995/1996 1999/2000 Landsat TM digital
image
1989/1990 1995/1996 1999/2000 Landsat
TM registered image
Vector map of land use in 1990,1995 and 2000
Geometric correction
Mutual interpretation
Land-use change map in 1990-1995,1995-2000 and
1990-2000
False color composition
Overlay
Arc/Info
1km vector map
Land-use map of predominant change types in
1990-1995,1995-2000 and 1990-2000
Areal differentiation map of land-use net change
in 1990-1995,1995-2000 and 1990-2000
Conversion map of land use in 1990-1995,1995-2000
and 1990-2000
46
Land-use map of predominant change types in
1990-1995
Land-use map of predominant change types in
1995-2000
47
Land-use map of predominant change types in
1990-2000
48
Zonation of Land Use Change in China During
1990-2000
49
(No Transcript)
50
(No Transcript)
51
(No Transcript)
52
(No Transcript)
53
Determination of the boundary of Fishnet
1 km Grid(coverage)
Representation of thematic info.
Areas summarized in each cell
54
No info. loss
55
Forest areas
Dry land
Buildup areas
Grassland
56
The statistical relationship of urban expansion
and buffer distance in 1990-2000, 1990-1995 and
1995-2000
57
Data validation of urban expansion pattern of
Beijing in 1990-2000(Expanding in all directions )
The collinearity of urban expansion areas in four
quadrants shows, in some sense, the urban
expansion developed in all directions around the
outskirt in 1990-2000
58
Data validation of urban expansion pattern of
Beijing in 1990-2000(Expanding in all directions )
The collinearity of urban expansion areas in four
quadrants shows, in some sense, the urban
expansion developed in all directions around the
outskirt in 1990-2000
59
Data validation of urban expansion pattern of
Beijing in 1990-2000(Expanding in all directions )
The collinearity of urban expansion areas in four
quadrants shows, in some sense, the urban
expansion developed in all directions around the
outskirt in 1990-2000
60
Coupling analyses on the urban expansion and
distance from the center of downtown to each
expansion circles
61
(No Transcript)
62
(No Transcript)
63
(No Transcript)
64
(No Transcript)
65
(No Transcript)
66
(No Transcript)
67
(No Transcript)
68
(No Transcript)
69
4. Project Arrangement

• 4.1 Administrative Agency
• Department of Rural and Social Development of
  MOST
• State Environmental Protection Administration
  (SEPA)
• 4.2 Executive institutions
• Chinese Academy of Sciences
• Chinese Academy of Forestry
• Environmental Information Center of SEPA
• Chinese Academy of Agriculture
• Chinese Academy of Water Resources and Electric
  Power
• Chinese Academy of Survey and Mapping

70

• 4.3 International cooperation institutions
• National Institute of Environmental Study(NIES)
  of Japan
• UNEP

71

• 4.5 Expected outputs and timing
• From 2001 to 2002, capacity building and model
  and method studies
• From 2003 to 2004, carrying out integration
  ecosystem assessment
• At the end of 2004, completing research reports
  and technical support system of integrated
  ecosystem assessment of western China

72

• 4.6 Long-term plan
• On the basis of achievements from this
  proposed project, changes of various ecosystems
  in the Western China are to be monitored and the
  newly appeared problems are to be studied. The
  corresponding policies are to be suggested to
  ensure sustainable development of ecosystems in
  the western China.

73
5. Joint research between MA and APEIS

• Capacity building
• Remote sensing monitoring network
• Database of key study areas and long term
  ground sites
• Spatial environmental natural resources
  database
• Integrated framework of DIS, EAS and DSS systems

74
5. Joint research between MA and APEIS

• Research and Exchange Network
• To link the projects (MA and APEIS) and
  sub-projects together
• To link the countries and regions together
• To link the researchers and policy makers
  together
• To link the scientists and the public together
• To share the common technology and RS/DIS
  based on APEIS

75
5. Joint research between MA and APEIS

• Choosing example sub-projects to do synergic
  works and comparing studies
• Make the project of Integrated Ecosystem
  Assessment of Western China a key example of the
  joint research between MA and APIS ( Choose other
  sub-global or regional MA to be the key examples
  )
• To do the comparative studies between the choose
  sub-project regions

76
Thank you!