Coastal and Ocean Engineering at Texas A

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Coastal and Ocean EngineeringatTexas AM
University
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Offshore Engineering

• Design of Offshore Platforms
• Withstand Hurricane Forces

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DESIGN

• Safe
• Functional
• Cost-effective
• Environmentally sound structures
• against
• Wind, wave, current, tide, ice, earthquake

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• Static-based Design
• Statics Large Safety Factor
• Dynamic-based Design Optimization
• Dynamics Small Safety Factor

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Tools for Design

• Concepts
• Mathematical Model
• Numerical Model
• Scale Experiment
• Design rules (ABS, DNV, LLOYDS)
• Guidelines (API)
• Full-scale Study
• Design Data Base

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Drilling Platform

• Jack-Up (50)
• Drilling Semi-submersible (30)
• Drill ship (20)
• Mobility important

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Production Platform

• Has to survive the worst storm during the service
  life
• Dry Tree well head on the deck
• SJP, GP, CT, TLP, Spar
• Wet Tree well head on the seafloor
• Semi, FPSO, Sub-sea completion

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Fixed Jacket Type Platform

• Depth Limitation
• 1800 ft
• Deepest Structure
• Bullwinkle (Shell)
• 1350 ft

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Steel Jacket Platforms
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Gravity Platform
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Pros Cons of Gravity Platforms

• Large space
• Corrosion resistant
• Easy construction, tow, installation
• Low maintenance cost
• Soil condition critical
• Expensive

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Gravity Platform Arctic area
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Compliant Tower

• Depth Limitation
• 3,000 ft
• Deepest Structure
• Petronius (Texaco)
• 1754 ft

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Tension Leg Platform (TLP)

• Deepest Structure
• URSA MC810
• 3950 ft

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Mini-TLP

• Limitations
• 15 wells maximum
• 15,000 ton payload
• Deepest Structure
• Allegheny
• 2800 ft

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Spar

• Deepest Structure
• Hoover/Diana
• 4800 ft

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SPAR ADVANTAGE

• Simple Geom (low-cost fabrication)
• Favorable motion characteristics
• Huge storage space
• Insensitive to deck load/waterdepth
• Well head on deck vertical riser
• Easy installation
• Center-well protect risers
• Can start production earlier
• Disadvantage VIM

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Semi-submersible

• Deepest Structure
• Roncador (Petrobras)
• 5761 ft
• Wellhead on seabed
• Flexible risers

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Floating Production Storage Offloading (FPSO)

• Deepest Structure
• Roncador (Petrobras)
• 6086 ft

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Future Sub-sea Completion?

• Limitations
• New technology
• Multi-phase flow
• Expensive
• Depth to 6000 ft

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System of Production Platforms
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Offshore Airport
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Mobile Offshore Base
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Mobile Offshore Base
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Floating Harbor in Alaska
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Mobile Quay Wall System ?
VLCS (Very Large Container Ship)
Mobile Quay Wall System
Feeder Ship
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Bottom Mounted Type
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Floating Type
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RIB Rapidly Installed Breakwater(US Army)
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Floating Bridge (Norway)
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Floating Bridge (Seattle)
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Lightering Operation in Open Sea
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LNG Terminal Offloading
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Model Testing for Platform Design
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Offshore Technology Research Center (OTRC)
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OTRC FPSO Model Testing
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Economic Analysis and Forecasts
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Oil Price Sensitivity
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Multi Criteria Risk Analysis
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Platform Safety
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Well Blowouts, Oil Spills, and Environmental
Safety
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Materials and Corrosion
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Rigs-to-Reefs
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COASTAL ENGINEERING

• Coastal Protection
• Beach Restoration
• Port and Harbors
• Waterway Navigation
• Dredging
• Military Operations

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Coastal Erosion
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Loss of Recreationand Revenue
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Hwy 87 Texas Coast

• Infrastructure
• Property
• Environment

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Option 1 Do Nothing
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Option 2 Retreat
Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, Outer Banks, North
Carolina
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Option 3 Beach Nourishment
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Option 4 Coastal Armoring
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Armor Unit Construction
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Marina Projects
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Port and Harbor Engineering
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Dredging Technology
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Coastal Surveys
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OCEN 201 PRESENTATION

• Wave Energy Conversion
• Gas hydrate
• Tidal Energy Conversion
• Wind Energy Conversion
• LNG
• Katrina-Rita Damage of offshore platforms

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15-min Presentation Content

• 4/19,24,26
• Intro (General Info)
• Current State of the Art
• Pros and Cons
• Economics
• Problems
• Future Research Topics

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Coastal Structures

• Breakwaters large barriers to protect land/water
  behind them from wave attack rubble mound, armor
  units, concrete caisson etc.
• Seawalls large wave resistant wall along beach
  protect coastal community against big waves, such
  as storm surges and tsunamis

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• Marina Projects
• Marina Projects

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Armor Units
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Testing of Armor Unit Stability _at_ TAMU
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3D Model Testing

• Design of Coastal Structures

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Detached Breakwater
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Floating Breakwater System RIB
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Galveston Sea-wall
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• Bulkheads smaller wave resistant wall along
  beach retain shore material under less severe
  wave conditions
• Rivetments protect shorelines and waterways
  against erosion by current and small waves

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• Jetties structures used at river mouths and
  tidal inlets to stabilize entrance channel and
  prevent shoaling by littoral material
• Groins structures perpendicular to shore to
  interrupt littoral transport or slow down sand
  losses (cf. Beach Nourishment/ Dune Rebuilding
  artificial sand placement on eroding beach/dune)

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Sand Bypassing
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Confusing Wave-related Terminology

• Reflection waves bouncing back
• Refraction change of wave direction due to the
  change of bottom topography
• Diffraction deformation of original wave field
  due to the presence of structures

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Wave Reflection Chart
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Mini Term Project

• 15-min Presentation Content
• 4-member Team WORK
• For Each Topic, Discuss
• Intro (General Info)
• Current State of the Art
• Feasibility
• Pros and Cons (including Economics)
• Major Problems to overcome
• Future Research Topics

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TOPICS

• Wave Energy Conversion
• Wind Energy Conversion
• LNG Terminal offloading
• LNG tank sloshing
• Floating breakwater
• Harbor Oscillation resonance
• Tsunami
• Freak wave and Hurricane IVAN

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• ACRONYM
• Ex) FPSO, SNAME
• Terminology
• Celerity
• Surf zone
• Semi-diurnal tide
• Geostrophic current

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• Simple wave-related questions
• Ex) Find L in deepwater when T8s. What is the
  celerity (speed) of this wave
• Ex) What is the speed of tsunami at 200-m
  waterdepth?
• Ex) Find wave period T, when L200m, h40m

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• Wind and Current force
• Ex) Find current force on a submerged spherical
  buoy of 1-m diameter in 2m/s uniform steady
  current.
• Wave reflection/wave run-up
• Characteristics/pros-cons of offshore structures
  and their structural elements

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TsunamiAttack
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Tsunami Attack
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Submarines, ROVs, and AUVs
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Submarines

• Diving and Life Support
• Thrust and Propulsion
• Energy Systems

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Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs)
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Control of Claws and Thrusters
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ROV Inspection of Offshore Structure
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ROV Working Inside Pipeline
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Specialized ROV Trench Digger
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Exploded View of AUV
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AUVs for Scientific Application
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Human Powered Submarine Competition
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Human Powered Submarine Competition
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Courses in Coastal and Ocean Engineering
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Summer Research Experience for Undergraduates
(REU) Program

• 10 Week Program
• Summer Salary
• Information in 204 Zachary

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Professional Societies Local and Student Chapters
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Career Outlook

• Jobs in Ocean Engineering

Starting Salary 40,000
Large Job Market in Texas/LA
Small Consulting Firms to Large Multi-nationals

• Jobs in Coastal Engineering

Growing need in Texas for Coastal Engrs.
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Summary

• Three Main Areas of Study

1. Offshore Structures and Engineering
2. Coastal Engineering
3. Subsea Systems and ROV Technology

• The Ocean Presents a Dynamic and Challenging
  Environment

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dtc_at_tamu.edu