Preparing MDGBased National Plan for Bhutan Approaches and Steps for MDG Needs Assessment and Costin

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Preparing MDG-Based National Plan for Bhutan
Approaches and Steps for MDG Needs Assessment
and Costing Energy Services BhutanAugust
28, 2006
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The case for energy infrastructure and services
as part of MDG strategy

• Energy is not mentioned in the MDGs, but improved
  access to energy services is critical to
• Lower indoor air pollution (e.g. to reduce U5MR)
• Improve provision of social services (e.g.
  lighting in schools, refrigeration in health
  centers)
• Increase agricultural productivity (e.g. through
  groundwater pumps)
• Reduce womens time poverty (e.g. to halve
  poverty and achieve gender equity goal)
• Make energy available for manufacturing
  industries and other productive uses (e.g. to
  halve poverty)
• Halt deforestation and other land degradation

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Energy for Meeting MDGs

• Income Poverty
• Access to electricity, motive power, and improved
  thermal energy systems is necessary for
  manufacturing, service, or cottage industries.
• Hunger
• Improved access to electricity and liquid fuels
  can power diesel pumps for irrigation, facilitate
  agricultural mechanization, and power
  agro-processing machinery, thus increasing
  agricultural output and reducing hunger.
• Food Security
• Improved energy services lower transportation and
  marketing costs, which reduces food prices.
  Access to improved cooking fuels is necessary to
  ensure safe cooking of food.

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Energy for Meeting MDGs

• Education
• Access to electric power and improved cooking
  fuels lowers time spent by children (especially
  girls) collecting fuelwood, thus facilitating
  school attendance.
• Improved access to liquid fuels is necessary to
  render mechanized school transport more
  affordable.
• Electrification permits children to read and
  study for longer hours, thus improving school
  outcomes
• Gender Equality
• Improved access to electricity and fuels reduces
  the time-poverty of women and lowers their daily
  transport burden.
• Improved access to energy creates additional
  employment opportunities for women.

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Energy for Meeting MDGs

• Child Health
• Reducing indoor air pollution through improved
  cooking fuels and stoves decreases respiratory
  infections. Improved access to energy, allows
  households to boil water, thus reducing incidence
  of waterborne diseases.
• Maternal Health
• Improved access to energy services improves
  communication and transport, which are critical
  for emergency obstetric care. Modern energy
  services reduce costs for healthcare workers
  serving in rural areas.

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Energy Services for the MDGs

• Cooking with modern fuels
• Electricity- for lighting, heating, refrigerating
  medicines, operating computers and other ICTs,
• Motive power-energy to make simple things to
  happen (grinding, water pumping, solid waste
  destroying

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Energy Choose MDG-compatible Interventions

• Distribution of efficient cooking stoves
• Distribution of modern fuels
• Improved ventilation, chimneys, smoke-hoods, etc.
  to reduce the adverse health impacts from cooking
  with biomass
• Increase sustainable biomass production (e.g.
  agro-forestry, woodlots or community forestry,
  area closures, etc.)
• Off-grid systems together with necessary wiring
  to schools and health facilities.
• Facilitate community access to electricity and
  mechanical power
• Facilitate the use of electricity in rural
  communities that are not connected to the grid,
  through batteries and charging stations
• Rehabilitation and extension of the electric
  power grid
• Motive power infrastructure and fuels

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Energy Possible Rural Targets

• Enable the use of modern fuels and devices for
  50 of those who at present use traditional
  biomass for cooking.
• Support x of the population in adopting improved
  cook-stoves and measures to reduce the adverse
  health impacts from cooking with biomass.
• Ensure by 2013 that all schools and health
  facilities have access to electricity.
• Provide access to modern energy services at the
  community level for all rural communities (in the
  form of electricity and mechanical power).

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Energy Possible Urban Targets

• By 2010, ensure reliable access to electricity to
  all schools and health centers.
• Support x of the population in adopting improved
  cook-stoves and measures to reduce the adverse
  health impacts from cooking with biomass.
• By 2015 ensure reliable access to modern
  electricity services for all households.

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Additional Energy Interventions and Policy Changes

• Interventions
• Large-scale electricity generation
• Tariff collection support (pre-paid metering, for
  example)
• Policies and organization
• Tariff structure reform

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EnergyEstimate Resource Needs Key Points

• Choice among electricity technologies (esp. grid-
  and off-grid) should be based on low cost
• Community-level interventions scale-up according
  to size of rural communities
• The basic needs assessment approach is
  well-suited to calculating needs for ACCESS to
  energy services

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Energy Needs Assessment

• Coverage Targets (Access )
• Modern fuels for 50 of those who currently use
  biomass
• Electricity for urban and peri-urban areas
• Electricity and motive power for rural communities

• Population Infrastructure Data
• of HH
• of communities
• km of LV/MV/HV line

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Covered Population

• Cost Data
• Cooking Cookstoves and fuel
• Electricity ( per km line connection cost
  /kWh)

• Input Ratios
• kg fuel per hh
• kWh of electricity per hh/yr

Total Costs
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Sample ToolsMillennium Project

• Coverage Targets (Access )
• Modern fuels for 50 of those who currently use
  biomass
• Electricity for urban and peri-urban areas
• Electricity and motive power for rural communities

• Population Infrastructure Data
• of HH
• of communities
• km of LV/MV/HV line

x
Covered Population

• Cost Data
• Cooking Cookstoves and fuel
• Electricity ( per km line connection cost
  /kWh)

• Input Ratios
• kg fuel per hh
• kWh of electricity per hh/yr

Total Costs
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Sample Tools Millennium Project
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Sample Tools Millennium Project
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Sample Tools Tajikistan
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Sample Tools Tajikistan