Framework

1
Framework

• Concepts

2
The enterprise challenge
3
How can you meet the enterprise challenges?

• Use a Flexible Foundation
• Use Open and Extensible Client Interfaces
• Leverage Legacy systems and data
• Adopt Component based solutions

Business Application
Business Application
Database
Business Application
Business Application
Flexible foundation
4
Component based solutions
5
What is a framework?
A framework is a set of prefabricated software
building blocks that programmers can use, extend,
or customize for specific computing solutions
By Taligents definition
With framework-oriented programming, software
development is one step closer towards a factory
mode of operation
6
What should a framework achieve?

• An application framework will help to
• Define the guidelines for building components
• Define how all the components should fit together
• Define the guidelines for managing change
• Ensure consistency of code
• Focus developers on business logic

7
Framework reduces development time
Time/EffortMan days
Without Framework
With Framework
3X
X
Business Functions
0
Large Scale Application Development
Small ScaleApplication development
8
Framework reduces development time
3
-
5 Months
6
-
9 Months
Integration
Development Time (months)
Coding
Design
Requirement
With Framework
Without Framework
Statistics from Java World report
-
9
Hibernate
10
Hibernate Introduction

• Why object/relational mapping?
• Solving the mismatch with tools
• Basic Hibernate features
• Hibernate Query Options
• Detached Objects

11
Hibernate Introduction

• The Structural Mismatch.
• Java types vs. SQL datatypes
• user-defined types (UDT) are in SQL1999
• current products are proprietary
• Type inheritance
• no common inheritance model
• Entity relationships.

12
Hibernate Introduction

• Modern ORM Solutions
• Transparent Persistence (POJO/JavaBeans)
• Persistent/transient instances
• Automatic Dirty Checking
• Transitive Persistence
• Lazy Fetching
• Outer Join Fetching
• Runtime SQL Generation
• Three Basic Inheritance Mapping Strategies

13
Hibernate Introduction

• Why ORM
• Structural mapping more robust
• Less error-prone code
• Optimized performance all the time
• Vendor independence

14
Hibernate Introduction

• What do RDBs do well?
• Work with large amounts of data
• Searching, sorting
• Work with sets of data
• Joining, aggregating
• Sharing
• Concurrency (Transactions)
• Many applications
• Integrity
• Constraints
• Transaction isolation

15
Hibernate Introduction

• What do RDBs do badly?
• Modeling
• No polymorphism
• Fine grained models are difficult
• Business logic
• Stored procedures really bad

16
Hibernate Introduction

• The Goal
• Take advantage of those things that relational
  databases do well
• Without leaving the language of objects / classes

17
Hibernate Introduction

• Hibernate
• Opensource (LGPL)
• Mature
• Popular (15,000 downloads/month)
• Custom API
• Will be core of JBoss CMP 2.0 engine

18
Hibernate Introduction

• Features
• Persistence for POJOs (JavaBeans)
• Flexible and intuitive mapping
• Support for fine-grained object models
• Powerful, high performance queries
• Dual-Layer Caching Architecture (HDLCA)
• Toolset for roundtrip development
• Support for detached persistent objects

19
Hibernate High Level Architecture
20
Hibernate Full Cream Architecture
21
Conception

• SessionFactory
• A threadsafe (immutable) cache of compiled
  mappings for a single database. A factory for
  Session and a client of ConnectionProvider
• Session
• A single-threaded, short-lived object
  representing a conversation between the
  application and the persistent store. Wraps a
  JDBC connection. Factory for Transaction.
• Persistent Objects and Collections
• Short-lived, single threaded objects containing
  persistent state and business function. These
  might be ordinary JavaBeans/POJOs,
• Transient Objects and Collections
• Instances of persistent classes that are not
  currently associated with a Session.
• Transaction
• A single-threaded, short-lived object used by the
  application to specify atomic units of work.
  Abstracts application from underlying JDBC, JTA
  or CORBA transaction. A Session might span
  several Transactions in some cases.

22
Hibernate Mapping

• Example

23
Hibernate Mapping

• Persistent Class
• JavaBean specification (or POJOs)
• No-arg constructor
• Accessor methods for properties
• Collection property is an interface
• Identifier property

public class AuctionItem private Long
_id private Set _bids private Bid
_successfulBid private String _description pub
lic Long getId() return _id private
void setId(Long id) _id id public
String getDescription() return
_description public void setDescription(Strin
g desc) _descriptiondesc
24
Hibernate Mapping

• XML Mapping
• Readable metadata
• Column/table mappings
• Surrogate key generation strategy
• Collection metadata
• Fetching strategies

ltclass nameAuctionItem tableAUCTION_ITEMgt lt
id nameid columnITEM_IDgt ltgenerator
classnative/gt lt/idgt ltproperty
namedescription columnDESCR/gt ltmany-to-one
namesuccessfulBid columnSUCCESSFUL_BID_ID/gt
ltset namebids cascadeall lazytruegt
ltkey columnITEM_ID/gt ltone-to-many
classBid/gt lt/setgt lt/classgt
25
Basic O/R Mapping

• Class
• ltclass
• name"ClassName"
• table"tableName"
  
• discriminator-value"discriminator_value"
  
• mutable"truefalse"
  
• schema"owner"
  
• proxy"ProxyInterface"
  
• dynamic-update"truefalse"
  
• dynamic-insert"truefalse"
  
• select-before-update"truefalse"
  
• polymorphism"implicitexplicit"
  
• where"arbitrary sql where condition"
  
• persister"PersisterClass"
  
• batch-size"N"
  
• optimistic-lock"noneversiondirtyall"
• lazy"truefalse"
• /gt

26
Basic O/R Mapping

• ID
• ltid
• name"propertyName"
• type"typename"
• column"column_name"
• unsaved-value"anynonenullid_value"
• access"fieldpropertyClassName"gt
• ltgenerator class"generatorClass"/gt
• lt/idgt
• Generator
• Increment, sequence, hilo, seqhilo, uuid.hex,
  native, assigned, foreign

27
Basic O/R Mapping

• Composite-id
• ltcomposite-id
• name"propertyName"
• class"ClassName"
• unsaved-value"anynone"
• access"fieldpropertyClassName"gt
• ltkey-property name"propertyName"
  type"typename" column"column_name"/gt
• ltkey-many-to-one name"propertyName
  class"ClassName" column"column_name"/gt
• ......
• lt/composite-idgt

28
Basic O/R Mapping

• Property
• ltproperty
• name"propertyName"
• column"column_name"
• type"typename"
• update"truefalse"
• insert"truefalse"
• formula"arbitrary SQL expression"
• access"fieldpropertyClassName"
• /gt

29
Basic O/R Mapping

• Many to one
• ltmany-to-one
• name"propertyName"
  
• column"column_name"
  
• class"ClassName"
  
• cascade"allnonesave-updatedelete"
  
• outer-join"truefalseauto"
  
• update"truefalse"
  
• insert"truefalse"
  
• property-ref"propertyNameFromAssociatedCl
  ass"
• access"fieldpropertyClassName"
  
• unique"truefalse"
  
• /gt
• One to one
• ltone-to-one
• name"propertyName"
  
• class"ClassName"
  
• cascade"allnonesave-updatedelete"
  
• constrained"truefalse"
  

30
Basic O/R Mapping

• Collection (ltsetgt, ltlistgt, ltmapgt, ltbaggt, ltarraygt)
• ltmap
• name"propertyName"
  
• table"table_name"
  
• schema"schema_name"
  
• lazy"truefalse"
  
• inverse"truefalse"
  
• cascade"allnonesave-updatedeleteall-delet
  e-orphan"
• sort"unsortednaturalcomparatorClass"
  
• order-by"column_name ascdesc"
  
• where"arbitrary sql where condition"
  
• outer-join"truefalseauto"
  
• batch-size"N"
  
• access"fieldpropertyClassName"
  
• gt
• ltkey .... /gt
• ltindex .... /gt

31
Basic O/R Mapping

• Many-to-many
• ltmany-to-many
• column"column_name"
  
• class"ClassName"
  
• outer-join"truefalseauto"
  
• /gt

32
Object state

• Transient Objects
• Objects instantiated using the new operator
  arent immediately persistent. Their state is
  transient, which means they arent associated
  with any database table row, and so their state
  is lost as soon as theyre dereferenced.
• Persist Objects
• A persistent instance is any instance with a
  database identity. Persistent instances are
  associated with the persistence manager.
  Persistent instances are always associated with a
  Session and are transactional
• Detached Objects
• Instances lose their association with the
  persistence manager when you close() the Session.
  We refer to these objects as detached, indicating
  that their state is no longer guaranteed to be
  synchronized with database state theyre no
  longer under the management of Hibernate.

33
Object Lifecycle
34
Typical Usage

• Session sess factory.openSession()
• Transaction tx null
• try
• tx sess.beginTransaction()
• // do some work
• ...
• tx.commit()
• catch (Exception e)
• if (tx!null) tx.rollback()
• throw e
• finally
• sess.close()

35
Hibernate Introduction

• Automatic dirty object checking
• Retrieve an AuctionItem and change description
• Session session sessionFactory.openSession()
• Transaction tx s.beginTransaction()
• AuctionItem item
• (AuctionItem) session.get(ActionItem.class,
  itemId)
• item.setDescription(newDescription)
• tx.commit()
• session.close()

36
Hibernate Introduction

• Transitive Persistence
• Retrieve an AuctionItem and create a new
  persistent Bid
• Bid bid new Bid()
• bid.setAmount(bidAmount)
• Session session sf.openSession()
• Transaction tx session.beginTransaction()
• AuctionItem item
• (AuctionItem) session.get(ActionItem.class,
  itemId)
• bid.setItem(item)
• item.getBids().add(bid)
• tx.commit()
• session.close()

37
Hibernate Introduction

• Detached objects
• Retrieve an AuctionItem and change the
  description
• Session session sf.openSession()
• Transaction tx session.beginTransaction()
• AuctionItem item
• (AuctionItem) session.get(ActionItem.class,
  itemId)
• tx.commit()
• session.close()
• item.setDescription(newDescription)
• Session session2 sf.openSession()
• Transaction tx session2.beginTransaction()
• session2.update(item)
• tx.commit()
• session2.close()

38
Hibernate Introduction

• Hibernate query options
• Hibernate Query Language (HQL)
• minimal object-oriented dialect of ANSI SQL
• Criteria Queries
• Extensible framework for expressing query
  criteria as objects
• Includes query by example
• Native SQL queries
• Direct passthrough with automatic mapping
• Named SQL queries in metadata

39
Hibernate Introduction

• Hibernate Query Language
• Make SQL be object oriented
• Classes and properties instead of tables and
  columns
• Polymorphism
• Associations
• Much less verbose than SQL
• Full support for relational operations
• Inner/outer/full joins, cartesian products
• Projection
• Aggregation (max, avg) and grouping
• Ordering
• Subqueries
• SQL function calls

40
Hibernate Introduction

• HQL Example
• Simple
• from AuctionItem
• i.e. get all the AuctionItems
• List allAuctions session.createQuery(from
  AuctionItem).list()
• More realistic example
• select item
• from AuctionItem item
• join item.bids bid
• where item.description like hibernate
• and bid.amount gt 100
• i.e. get all the AuctionItems with a Bid worth gt
  100 and description that begins with hibernate

41
Hibernate Introduction

• Criteria Queries
• List auctionItems
• session.createCriteria(AuctionItem.class)
• .setFetchMode(bids, FetchMode.EAGER)
• .add( Expression.like(description,
  description) )
• .createCriteria(successfulBid)
• .add( Expression.gt(amount, minAmount) )
• .list()
• Equivalent HQL
• from AuctionItem item
• left join fetch item.bids
• where item.description like description
• and item.successfulbid.amount gt minAmount

42
Hibernate Introduction

• Example Queries
• AuctionItem item new AuctionItem()
• item.setDescription(hib)
• Bid bid new Bid()
• bid.setAmount(1.0)
• List auctionItems
• session.createCriteria(AuctionItem.class)
• .add( Example.create(item).enableLike(MatchMode.
  START) )
• .createCriteria(bids)
• .add( Example.create(bid) )
• .list()
• Equivalent HQL
• from AuctionItem item
• join item.bids bid
• where item.description like hib
• and bid.amount gt 1.0

43
Hibernate Introduction

• Fine-grained persistence
• Fine-grained object models are good
• greater code reuse
• easier to understand
• More typesafe
• Better encapsulation
• Hibernate defines
• Entities (lifecycle and relationships)
• Values (no identity, embedded state)

44
Hibernate Introduction

• Composing Objects
• Address of a User
• Address depends on User

ltclass nameUser tableUSERgt ltcomponent
nameaddressgt ltproperty namestreet
columnSTREET/gt ltproperty namezipCode
columnZIPCODE/gt ltproperty namecity
columnCITY/gt lt/componentgt lt/classgt
45
Hibernate Introduction

• Layer Communication
• The presentation layer is decoupled from the
  service layer and business logic

Presentation Layer
Remote?
DTO?
Service Layer
Domain Objects
46
Hibernate Introduction

• DTOs are Evil
• Useless extra LOC
• Not objects (no behavior)
• Parallel class hierarchies smell
• Shotgun change smell
• Solution detached object support

47
Hibernate Introduction

• Detached Object Support
• For applications using servlets session beans
• You dont need to select a row when you only want
  to update it!
• You dont need DTOs anymore!
• You may serialize objects to the web tier, then
  serialize them back to the EJB tier in the next
  request
• Hibernate lets you selectively reassociate a
  subgraph! (essential for performance)

48
Hibernate Introduction

• CMP VS Hibernate

49
Spring Framework

• Core

50
Application Layering

• A clear separation of application component
  responsibility.
• Presentation layer
• Concentrates on request/response actions
• Handles UI rendering from a model.
• Contains formatting logic and non-business
  related validation logic.
• Handles exceptions thrown from other layers
• Persistence layer
• Used to communicate with a persistence store such
  as a relational database.
• Provides a query language
• Possible O/R mapping capabilities
• JDBC, Hibernate, iBATIS, JDO, Entity Beans, etc.
• Domain layer
• Contains business objects that are used across
  above layers.
• Contain complex relationships between other
  domain objects
• May be rich in business logic
• May have ORM mappings
• Domain objects should only have dependencies on
  other domain objects

51
Application Layering (cont)

• Service layer
• Gateway to expose business logic to the outside
  world
• Manages container level services such as
  transactions, security, data access logic, and
  manipulates domain objects
• Not well defined in many applications today or
  tightly coupled in an inappropriate layer.

52
Proposed Web App Layering
53
More Application Layering Combinations

• Presentation/Business/Persistence
• StrutsSpringHibernate
• Struts Spring EJB
• JavaServer Faces Spring iBATIS
• Spring Spring JDO
• Flex Spring Hibernate
• Struts Spring JDBC
• You decide

54
EJB (lt2.x) in the Service Layer

• Suns traditional solution to middle tier
  business logic
• Specification that did not always work as
  projected in real applications.
• EJBs are less portable than POJO based
  architectures.
• Inconsistencies by vendors make EJBs break the
  write once, run anywhere rule.
• Fosters over-engineering in most cases
• Entity Beans very limiting compared to
  alternatives such as Hibernate.
• Performance with POJOs are much faster then EJBs.
• EJBs run in a heavy container
• Your code becomes coupled to EJB API.
• We need to redefine what J2EE means

55
Spring

• A lightweight framework that addresses each tier
  in a Web application.
• Presentation layer An MVC framework that is
  most similar to Struts but is more powerful and
  easy to use.
• Business layer Lightweight IoC container and
  AOP support (including built in aspects)
• Persistence layer DAO template support for
  popular ORMs and JDBC
• Simplifies persistence frameworks and JDBC
• Complimentary Not a replacement for a
  persistence framework
• Helps organize your middle tier and handle
  typical J2EE plumbing problems.
• Reduces code and speeds up development
• Current Version is 1.1

56
Spring (continued)

• Do I have to use all components of Spring?
• Spring is a non-invasive and portable framework
  that allows you to introduce as much or as little
  as you want to your application.
• Promotes decoupling and reusability
• POJO Based
• Allows developers to focus more on reused
  business logic and less on plumbing problems.
• Reduces or alleviates code littering, ad hoc
  singletons, factories, service locators and
  multiple configuration files.
• Removes common code issues like leaking
  connections and more.
• Built in aspects such as transaction management
• Most business objects in Spring apps do not
  depend on the Spring framework.

57
Spring Benefits

• Enables you to stop polluting code
• No more custom singleton objects
• Beans are defined in a centralized configuration
  file
• No more custom factory object to build and/or
  locate other objects
• DAO simplification
• Consistent CRUD
• Data access templates
• No more copy-paste try/catch/finally blocks
• No more passing Connection objects between
  methods
• No more leaked connections
• POJO Based
• Refactoring experience with Spring

58
Spring Features
59
Spring middle-tier using a third-party web
framework
60
Remoting usage scenario
61
EJBs - Wrapping existing POJOs
62
Spring IoC AOP

• IoC container
• Setter based and constructor based dependency
  injection
• Portable across application servers
• Promotes good use of OO practices such as
  programming to interfaces.
• Beans managed by an IoC container are reusable
  and decoupled from business logic
• AOP
• Spring uses Dynamic AOP Proxy objects to provide
  cross-cutting services
• Reusable components
• Aopalliance support today
• Integrates with the IoC container
• AspectJ support in Spring 1.1

63
IoC/Dependency Injection

• Inversion of Control/Dependency Injection
• Beans do not depend on framework
• Container injects the dependencies
• Spring lightweight container
• Configure and manage beans

64
Inversion of Control

• Dependency injection
• Beans define their dependencies through
  constructor arguments or properties
• The container provides the injection at runtime
• Dont talk to strangers
• Also known as the Hollywood principle dont
  call me I will call you
• Decouples object creators and locators from
  application logic
• Easy to maintain and reuse
• Testing is easier

65
Inversion of Control
Girl want a boy friend
???? 1 ???? 2 ???? 3 ????
66
Inversion of Control
????
public class Girl void kiss() Boy
boy new Boy()
67
Inversion of Control
????
public class Girl void kiss() Boy
boy BoyFactory.createBoy()
68
Inversion of Control
????
public class Girl void kiss(Boy boy)
// kiss boy boy.kiss()
69
Inversion of Control
70
Inversion of Control (Type 0)
public class Girl implements Servicable
private Kissable kissable public Girl()
kissable new Boy() public
void kissYourKissable()
kissable.kiss()
71
Inversion of Control (Type 1)
public class Girl implements Servicable
Kissable kissable public void
service(ServiceManager mgr) kissable
(Kissable) mgr.lookup(kissable)
public void kissYourKissable()
kissable.kiss() ltcontainergt   
ltcomponent namekissable classBoy"gt           
          ltconfigurationgt lt/configurationgt   
lt/componentgt     ltcomponent namegirl"
classGirl" /gtlt/containergt
72
Inversion of Control (Type 2)

• public class Girl
• private Kissable kissable
• public void setKissable(Kissable kissable)
• this.kissable kissable
• public void kissYourKissable()
• kissable.kiss()
• ltbeansgt    ltbean idboy" classBoy"/gt   
  ltbean idgirl classGirl"gt        ltproperty
  namekissable"gt           ltref
  beanboy"/gt        lt/propertygt   
  lt/beangtlt/beansgt

73
Inversion of Control (Type 3)

• public class Girl
• private Kissable kissable
• public Girl(Kissable kissable)
• this.kissable kissable
• public void kissYourKissable()
• kissable.kiss()
• PicoContainer container new
  DefaultPicoContainer()container.registerComponen
  tImplementation(Boy.class)container.registerComp
  onentImplementation(Girl.class)Girl girl
  (Girl) container.getComponentInstance(Girl.class)
  girl.kissYourKissable()

74
Spring Bean Definition

• The bean class is the actual implementation of
  the bean being described by the BeanFactory.
• Bean examples DAO, DataSource, Transaction
  Manager, Persistence Managers, Service objects,
  etc
• Spring config contains implementation classes
  while your code should program to interfaces.
• Bean behaviors include
• Singleton or prototype
• Autowiring
• Initialization and destruction methods
• init-method
• destroy-method
• Beans can be configured to have property values
  set.
• Can read simple values, collections, maps,
  references to other beans, etc.

75
Simple Spring Bean Example

• ltbean idorderBean classexample.OrderBean
  init-methodinitgt ltproperty
  nameminimumAmountToProcessgt10lt/propertygt ltpro
  perty nameorderDAOgt ltref beanorderDAOBean
  /gt lt/propertygtlt/beangt
• public class OrderBean implements
  IOrderBean public void setMinimumAmountToPro
  cess(double d) this. minimumAmountToProcess
  d public void setOrderDAO(IOrderDAO
  odao) this.orderDAO odao

76
Spring BeanFactory

• BeanFactory is core to the Spring framework
• Lightweight container that loads bean definitions
  and manages your beans.
• Configured declaratively using an XML file, or
  files, that determine how beans can be referenced
  and wired together.
• Knows how to serve and manage a singleton or
  prototype defined bean
• Responsible for lifecycle methods.
• Injects dependencies into defined beans when
  served

77
XMLBeanFactory

• Beanfactory Implementation
• Beans Definition
• ltbeansgt
• ltbean id"exampleBean" class"eg.ExampleBean"/
  gt
• ltbean id"anotherExample" class"eg.ExampleBea
  nTwo"/gt
• lt/beansgt

78
Usage Example

• InputStream input new FileInputStream("beans.xml
  ")
• BeanFactory factory new XmlBeanFactory(input)
  
• ExampleBean eb
• (ExampleBean)factory.getBean("exampleBean")
• ExampleBeanTwo eb2
• (ExampleBeanTwo)factory.getBean("anotherExample
  ")
• throw NoSuchBeanDefinitionException
• ExampleBean eb (ExampleBean)factory.getBean("exa
  mpleBean", ExampleBean.class)
• throw BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException

79
Bean creation

• Via constructor
• ltbean id"exampleBean" class"examples.ExampleBean
  "/gt
• ltbean name"anotherExample" class"examples.Exampl
  eBeanTwo"/gt
• Via static factory method
• ltbean id"exampleBean" class"examples.ExampleBean
  2" factory-method"createInstance"/gt
• Via instance factory method
• ltbean id"myFactoryBean" class"..."gt ... lt/beangt
  
• lt!-- The bean to be created via the factory bean
  --gt ltbean id"exampleBean" factory-bean"myFactory
  Bean" factory-method"createInstance"/gt

80
Singleton or Non-singleton(prototype)

• ltbean id"exampleBean"
• class"examples.ExampleBean"
  singleton"false"/gt
• ltbean name"yetAnotherExample"
• class"examples.ExampleBeanTwo"
  singleton"true"/gt

81
Bean collaborators

• public class ExampleBean
• private AnotherBean beanOne
• private YetAnotherBean beanTwo
• public void setBeanOne(AnotherBean b)
  beanOne b
• public void setBeanTwo(YetAnotherBean b)
  beanTwo b
• ltbean id"exampleBean" class"eg.ExampleBean"gt
• ltproperty name"beanOne"gtltref bean"anotherExample
  Bean"/gtlt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"beanTwo"gtltref bean"yetAnotherBean
  "/gtlt/propertygt
• lt/beangt
• ltbean id"anotherExampleBean" class"eg.AnotherBea
  n"/gt
• ltbean id"yetAnotherBean" class"eg.YetAnotherBean
  "/gt

82
Bean Properties

• public class ExampleBean
• private String s
• private int i
• public void setStringProperty(String s)
  this.s s
• public void setIntegerProperty(int i) this.i
  i
• ltbean id"exampleBean" class"eg.ExampleBean"gt
• ltproperty name"stringProperty"gtltvaluegtHi!lt/val
  uegtlt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"integerProperty"gtltvaluegt1lt/valu
  egtlt/propertygt
• lt/beangt

83
Property Editor

• Convert String to objects
• Implement java.beans.PropertyEditor
• getValue()/setValue(),getAsText()/setAsText()
• Standard Java
• Bool, Byte, Color, Double, Float, Font, Int,
  Long, Short, String
• Standard Spring
• Class, File, Locale, Properties, StringArray, URL
• Custom Spring
• CustomBoolean, CustomDate, CustomNumber,StringTrim
  mer

84
Standard Property Editor

• Examples
• ltproperty name"intProperty"gtltvaluegt7lt/valuegtlt/pro
  pertygt
• ltproperty name"doubleProperty"gtltvaluegt0.25lt/value
  gtlt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"booleanProperty"gtltvaluegttruelt/valu
  egtlt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"colorProperty"gtltvaluegt0,255,0lt/val
  uegtlt/propertygt

java.awt.Color is initialized with RGB values
85
Custom Property Editor

• Date Example
• DateFormat fmt new SimpleDateFormat("d/M/yyyy")
  
• CustomDateEditor dateEditor new
  CustomDateEditor(fmt, false)
• beanFactory.registerCustomEditor(java.util.Date.cl
  ass, dateEditor)
• ltproperty name"date"gtltvaluegt19/2/2004lt/valuegtlt/pr
  opertygt
• StringTrimmer Example
• StringTrimmerEditor trimmer new
  StringTrimmerEditor(true)
• beanFactory.registerCustomEditor(java.lang.String.
  class, trimmer)
• ltproperty name"string1"gtltvaluegt hello
  lt/valuegtlt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"string2"gtltvaluegtlt/valuegtlt/property
  gt
• ltproperty name"string2"gtltnull/gtlt/propertygt

86
Java.util.Properties

• Property Example
• ltproperty name"propertiesProperty"gt
• ltvaluegt
• foo1
• bar2
• baz3
• lt/valuegt
• lt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"propertiesProperty"gt
• ltpropsgt
• ltprop key"foo"gt1lt/propgt
• ltprop key"bar"gt2lt/propgt
• ltprop key"baz"gt3lt/propgt
• lt/propsgt
• lt/propertygt

87
Java.util.List Set

• List Example
• ltproperty name"listProperty"gt
• ltlistgt
• ltvaluegta list elementlt/valuegt
• ltref bean"otherBean"/gt
• ltref bean"anotherBean"/gt
• lt/listgt
• lt/propertygt

88
Bean Factory for IOC Type 3

• ltbean id"exampleBean" class"examples.ExampleBean
  "gt
• ltconstructor-arggtltref bean"anotherExampleBean
  "/gtlt/constructor-arggt
• ltconstructor-arggtltref bean"yetAnotherBean"/gtlt
  /constructor-arggt
• ltconstructor-arggtltvaluegt1lt/valuegtlt/constructor
  -arggt
• lt/beangt
• ltbean id"anotherExampleBean" class"examples.Anot
  herBean"/gt
• ltbean id"yetAnotherBean" class"examples.YetAnoth
  erBean"/gt
• public class ExampleBean
• private AnotherBean beanOne
• private YetAnotherBean beanTwo
• private int i
• public ExampleBean(AnotherBean anotherBean,
  YetAnotherBean yetAnotherBean, int i)
• this.beanOne anotherBean
• this.beanTwo yetAnotherBean
• this.i i

89
Bean lifecycle

• Beans can be initialized by the factory before it
  first use
• public class ExampleBean
• public void init()
• // do some initialization work
• ltbean id"exampleBean" class"eg.ExampleBean"
• init-method"init"/gt

90
Bean lifecycle

• Beans can be cleaned up when not used anymore
• public class ExampleBean
• public void cleanup()
• // do some destruction work
• ltbean id"exampleBean" class"eg.ExampleBean"
• destroy-method"cleanup"/gt

91
PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer

• Merge properties from an external Properties file
• ltbean id"dataSource"
• class"org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
• destroy-method"close"gt
• ltproperty name"driverClassName"gt
• ltvaluegtjdbc.driverClassNamelt/valuegt
• lt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"url"gtltvaluegtjdbc.urllt/valuegtlt/p
  ropertygt
• ltproperty name"username"gtltvaluegtjdbc.usernamelt
  /valuegtlt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"password"gtltvaluegtjdbc.passwordlt
  /valuegtlt/propertygt
• lt/beangt
• jdbc.driverClassNameorg.hsqldb.jdbcDriver
• jdbc.urljdbchsqldbhsql//production9002
• jdbc.usernamesa
• jdbc.passwordroot

Jdbc.properties
92
PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer

• Installing Configurer
• InputStream input new FileInputStream("beans.xml
  ")
• XmlBeanFactory factory new XmlBeanFactory(input)
  
• Properties props new Properties()
• props.load(new FileInputStream("jdbc.properties"))
  
• PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer cfg new
  PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer()
• cfg.setProperties(props)
• cfg.postProcessBeanFactory(factory)
• DataSource ds (DataSource)factory.getBean("dataS
  ource")

93
Advanced Features

• Autowiring
• Dependency checking
• BeanWrapper
• InitializingBean/DisposableBean
• BeanFactoryAware/BeanNameAware

94
Spring ApplicationContext

• A Spring ApplicationContext allows you to get
  access to the objects that are configured in a
  BeanFactory in a framework manner.
• ApplicationContext extends BeanFactory
• Adds services such as international messaging
  capabilities.
• Add the ability to load file resources in a
  generic fashion.
• Several ways to configure a context
• XMLWebApplicationContext Configuration for a
  web application.
• ClassPathXMLApplicationContext standalone XML
  application context
• FileSystemXmlApplicationContext
• Allows you to avoid writing Service Locators

95
Configuring an XMLWebApplicationContext

• ltcontext-paramgt
• ltparam-namegtcontextConfigLocationlt/param-namegt
• ltparam-valuegt
• /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml
• lt/param-valuegt
• lt/context-paramgt
• ltlistenergt
• ltlistener-classgt org.springframework.web.context.
  ContextLoaderListener
• lt/listener-classgt
• lt/listenergt

96
Configuring an XMLWebApplicationContext

• ltcontext-paramgt
• ltparam-namegtcontextConfigLocationlt/param-namegt
• ltparam-valuegt
• /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml
• lt/param-valuegt
• lt/context-paramgt
• ltservletgt
• ltservlet-namegtcontextlt/servlet-namegt
• ltservlet-classgt org.springframework.web.context.C
  ontextLoaderServlet
• lt/servlet-classgt
• ltload-on-startupgt1lt/load-on-startupgt
• lt/servletgt

97
AOP

• Complements OO programming
• Core business concerns vs. Crosscutting
  enterprise concerns
• Usages
• Persistent
• Transaction Management
• Security
• Logging
• Debugging

98
AOP Concepts

• Aspect
• Modularization of a concern
• Join point
• Point during the execution of a program
• Advice
• Action taken at a particular joinpoint
• Pointcut
• Set of joinpoints when an advice should fire
• Introduction
• Adding methiods of fields to an advised class.
• Target object
• Object containing the joinpoint.
• Weaving
• Assembling aspects to create an advised object.

99
AOP
100
Pointcut

• Set of joinpoints specifying when an advice
  should fire
• public interface Pointcut
• ClassFilter getClassFilter()
• MethodMatcher getMethodMatcher()
• public interface ClassFilter
• boolean matches(Class clazz)
• public interface MethodMatcher
• boolean matches(Method m, Class targetClass)
• boolean matches(Method m, Class targetClass,
  Object args)
• boolean isRuntime()

Restricts the pointcut to a given set of target
classes
101
Pointcut implementations

• Regexp
• ltbean id"gettersAndSettersPointcut"
• class"org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMetho
  dPointcut"gt
• ltproperty name"patterns"gt
• ltlistgt
• ltvaluegt.\.get.lt/valuegt
• ltvaluegt.\.set.lt/valuegt
• lt/listgt
• lt/propertygt
• lt/beangt

102
Advices

• Action taken at a particular joinpoint
• public interface MethodInterceptor extends
  Interceptor
• Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation)
  throws Throwable
• Example
• public class DebugInterceptor implements
  MethodInterceptor
• public Object invoke(MethodInvocation
  invocation)
• throws Throwable
• System.out.println("gtgt " invocation) //
  before
• Object rval invocation.proceed()
• System.out.println("ltlt Invocation
  returned") // after
• return rval

Spring implements an advice with an interceptor
chain around the jointpoint
103
Advice types

• Around advice
• The previous advice
• Before advuce
• Throws advice
• After returning advice
• Introduction advice

104
Spring Advisors

• PointcutAdvisor Pointcut Advice.
• Each Built-in advice has a advisor
• Example
• ltbean id"gettersAndSettersAdvisor"
• class"...aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAroundAd
  visor"gt
• ltproperty name"interceptor"gt
• ltref local"interceptorBean"/gt
• lt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"patterns"gt
• ltlistgt
• ltvaluegt.\.get.lt/valuegt
• ltvaluegt.\.set.lt/valuegt
• lt/listgt
• lt/propertygt
• lt/beangt

105
ProxyFactory

• With a ProxyFactory you get advised objects
• You can define pointcuts and advices that will be
  applied
• It returns an interceptor as a proxy object
• It uses Java Dynamic Proxy or CGLIB2
• It can proxy interfaces or classes
• Creating AOP proxies programmatically
• ProxyFactory factory new ProxyFactory(myBusiness
  InterfaceImpl)
• factory.addInterceptor(myMethodInterceptor)
• factory.addAdvisor(myAdvisor)
• MyBusinessInterface b (MyBusinessInterface)facto
  ry.getProxy()lt/beangt

106
ProxyFactoryBean

• Used to get proxies for beans
• The bean to be proxied
• ltbean id"personTarget" class"eg.PersonImpl"gt
• ltproperty name"name"gtltvaluegtTonylt/valuegtlt/pr
  opertygt
• ltproperty name"age"gtltvaluegt51lt/valuegtlt/prope
  rtygt
• lt/beangt

PersonImpl implements Person interface
107
ProxyFactoryBean

• The interceptors/advisors
• ltbean id"myAdvisor" class"eg.MyAdvisor"gt
• ltproperty name"someProperty"gtltvaluegtSomething
  lt/valuegtlt/propertygt
• lt/beangt
• ltbean id"debugInterceptor" class"...aop.intercep
  tor.NopInterceptor"gt
• lt/beangt
• The proxy
• ltbean id"person" class"...aop.framework.ProxyFac
  toryBean"gt
• ltproperty name"proxyInterfaces"gtltvaluegteg.Per
  sonlt/valuegtlt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"target"gtltref
  local"personTarget"/gtlt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"interceptorNames"gt
• ltlistgt
• ltvaluegtmyAdvisorlt/valuegt
• ltvaluegtdebugInterceptorlt/valuegt
• lt/listgt
• lt/propertygt
• lt/beangt

108
ProxyFactoryBean

• Using the bean
• Clients should get the person bean instead of
  personTarget
• Can be accessed in the application context or
  programmatically
• ltbean id"personUser" class"com.mycompany.PersonU
  ser"gt
• ltproperty name"person"gtltref local"person"
  /gtlt/propertygt
• lt/beangt
• Person person (Person) factory.getBean("person")
  

109
ProxyFactoryBean

• If you need to proxy a class instead of an
  interafce
• Set the property proxyTargetClass to true,
  instead of proxyInterfaces
• Proxy will extend the target class
• Constructed by CGLIB
• ltbean id"person" class"...aop.framework.ProxyFac
  toryBean"gt
• ltproperty name"proxyTargetClass"gtltvaluegttruelt
  /valuegtlt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"target"gtltref
  local"personTarget"/gtlt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"interceptorNames"gt
• ltlistgt
• ltvaluegtmyAdvisorlt/valuegt
• ltvaluegtdebugInterceptorlt/valuegt
• lt/listgt
• lt/propertygt
• lt/beangt

110
AutoProxy

• Automatic proxy creation
• Just declare the targets
• Selected beans will be automatically proxied
• No need to use a ProxyFactoryBean for each target
  bean

111
BeanNameAutoProxyCreator

• Select targets by bean name
• ltbean id"employee1" class"eg.Employee"gt...lt/bean
  gt
• ltbean id"employee2" class"eg.Employee"gt...lt/bean
  gt
• ltbean id"myInterceptor" class"eg.DebugIntercepto
  r"/gt
• ltbean id"beanNameProxyCreator"
• class"...aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProx
  yCreator"gt
• ltproperty name"beanNames"gtltvaluegtemployeelt/v
  aluegtlt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"interceptorNames"gt
• ltlistgt
• ltvaluegtmyInterceptorlt/valuegt
• lt/listgt
• lt/propertygt
• lt/beangt

112
AdvisorAutoProxyCreator

• Automatic applies advisors in context to beans
• Each dvisor has a pointcut and an advice
• If a pointcut applies to a bean it will be
  intercepted by the advice
• Useful to apply the same advice consistently to
  many business objects
• Impossible to get an un-advised object

113
AdvisorAutoProxyCreator

• Example
• ltbean id"debugInterceptor" class"app.DebugInterc
  eptor"/gt
• ltbean id"getterDebugAdvisor"
• class"...aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor"
  gt
• ltconstructor-arggt
• ltref bean"debugInterceptor"/gt
• lt/constructor-arggt
• ltproperty name"pattern"gtltvaluegt.\.get.lt/val
  uegtlt/propertygt
• lt/beangt
• ltbean id"autoProxyCreator"
• class"...aop.framework.autoproxy.AdvisorAutoProxy
  Creator"gt
• ltproperty name"proxyTargetClass"gtltvaluegttruelt
  /valuegtlt/propertygt
• lt/beangt

This advisor applies debugInterceptor to all get
methods of any class
114
AOP Weaving
115
Spring Framework

• Integration

116
Mail

• Creating message
• SimpleMailMessage msg new SimpleMailMessage()
• msg.setFrom("me_at_mail.org")
• msg.setTo("you_at_mail.org")
• msg.setCc(new String "he_at_mail.org",
  "she_at_mail.org")
• msg.setBcc(new String "us_at_mail.org",
  "them_at_mail.org")
• msg.setSubject("my subject")
• msg.setText("my text")

117
Mail-gtMessageSender

• Defining a message sender
• ltbean id"mailSender"
• class"org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailS
  enderImpl"gt
• ltproperty name"host"gtltvaluegtsmtp.mail.orglt/va
  luegtlt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"username"gtltvaluegtjoelt/valuegtlt/
  propertygt
• ltproperty name"password"gtltvaluegtabc123lt/value
  gtlt/propertygt
• lt/beangt
• Sending the message
• MailSender sender (MailSender)
  ctx.getBean("mailSender")
• sender.send(msg)

118
Scheduling

• Built in support for
• Java 2 Timer
• Timer
• TimerTask
• Quartz
• Schedulers
• JobDetails
• Triggers

119
Scheduling-gtTimer Task

• The task that we want to run
• public class MyTask extends TimerTask
• public void run()
• // do something
• ltbean id"myTask"
• class"...scheduling.timer.ScheduledTimerTask"gt
• ltproperty name"timerTask"gt
• ltbean class"eg.MyTask"/gt
• lt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"delay"gtltvaluegt60000lt/valuegtlt/p
  ropertygt
• ltproperty name"period"gtltvaluegt1000lt/valuegtlt/p
  ropertygt
• lt/beangt

Java bean that wraps a scheduled java.util.TimerTa
sk
120
Scheduling-gtTimerFactoryBean

• Creating the schedule
• ltbean id"scheduler"
• class"...scheduling.timer.TimerFactoryBean"gt
• ltproperty name"scheduledTimerTasks"gt
• ltlistgtltref bean"myTask"/gtlt/listgt
• lt/propertygt
• lt/beangt
• The Timer starts at bean creation time

Creates a java.util.Timer object
121
JDBC

• Make JDBC easier to use and less error prone
• Framework handles the creation and release
  resources
• Framework takes care of all exception handling

122
JDBC-gtJdbcTemplate

• Execute SQL Queries, update statements or stored
  procedure calls
• Iteration over ResultSets and extraction of
  returned parameter values
• Example
• DataSource ds DataSourceUtils.getDataSourceFromJ
  ndi("MyDS")
• JdbcTemplate jdbc new JdbcTemplate(ds)
• jdbc.execute("drop table TEMP")
• jdbc.update("update EMPLOYEE set FIRSTNME? where
  LASTNAME?",
• new String "JOE", "LEE")

123
JDBC-gtJdbcTemplate

• Queries, using convenience methods
• int maxAge jdbc.queryForInt("select max(AGE)
  from EMPLOYEE")
• String name (String)jdbc.queryForObject(
• "select FIRSTNME from EMPLOYEE where
  LASTNAME'LEE'",
• String.class)
• List employees jdbc.queryForList(
• "select EMPNO, FIRSTNME, LASTNAME from
  EMPLOYEE")

Returns an ArrayList (one entry for each row) of
HashMaps (one entry for each column using the
column name as the key)
124
JDBC-gtJdbcTemplate

• Queries, using callback method
• final List employees new LinkedList()
• jdbc.query("select EMPNO, FIRSTNME, LASTNAME from
  EMPLOYEE",
• new RowCallbackHandler()
• public void processRow(ResultSet rs)
  throws SQLException
• Employee e new Employee()
• e.setEmpNo(rs.getString(1))
• e.setFirstName(rs.getString(2))
• e.setLastName(rs.getString(3))
• employees.add(e)
• )

employees list will be populated with Employee
objects
125
Hibernate

• Define a DataSource and an Hibernate
  SessionFactory
• ltbean id"dataSource" ...gt ... lt/beangt
• ltbean id"sessionFactory" class"...LocalSessionFa
  ctoryBean"gt
• ltproperty name"mappingResources"gt
• ltlistgt
• ltvaluegtemployee.hbm.xmllt/valuegt
• lt/listgt
• lt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"hibernateProperties"gt
• ltpropsgt
• ltprop key"hibernate.dialect"gt....DB
  2Dialectlt/propgt
• lt/propsgt
• lt/propertygt
• ltproperty name"dataSource"gt
• ltref bean"dataSource"/gt
• lt/propertygt
• lt/beangt

126
HibernateTemplate

• Create HibernateTemplate
• SessionFactory sessionFactory
• (SessionFactory) ctx.getBean("sessionFactory")
• HibernateTemplate hibernate
• new HibernateTemplate(sessionFactory)
• Load and update
• Employee e (Employee) hibernate.load(Employee.cl
  ass, "000330")
• e.setFirstName("BOB")
• hibernate.update(e)

127
HibernateTemplate

• Queries, using convenience methods
• List employees hibernate.find("from
  app.Employee")
• List list hibernate.find(
• "from app.Employee e where e.lastName?",
• "LEE",
• Hibernate.STRING)
• List list hibernate.find(
• "from app.Employee e where e.lastName? and
  e.firstName?",
• new String "BOB", "LEE" ,
• new Type Hibernate.STRING ,
  Hibernate.STRING )

128
HibernateTemplate

• Queries, using callback methods
• List list (List) hibernate.execute(
• new HibernateCallback()
• public Object doInHibernate(Session
  session) throws HibernateException
• List result session.find("from
  app.Employee")
• / / do some further stuff with the
  result list
• return result
• )

129
Transactions

• What is Distributed Transaction?
• Transaction spans more than one resource
• Transaction Manager as the coordinator

Distributed Transaction Manager
Local Transaction Manager
Local Transaction Manager
Resource Manager
Resource Manager
Resource Manager
Database
Database
Messaging Server
130
Spring Solution

• Use the same programming model for global or
  local transactions
• Transaction management can be
• Programmatic
• Declarative
• Four transaction managers available
• DataSourceTransactionManager
• HibernateTransactionManager
• JdoTransactionManager
• JtaTransactionManager

131
Examples

• Defining a JtaTransactionManager
• ltbean id"dataSource" class"...jndi.JndiObjectFac
  toryBean"gt
• ltproperty name"jndiName"gtltvaluegtMyDSlt/valuegtlt/pro
  pertygt
• lt/beangt
• ltbean id"transactionManager"
• class"...transaction.jta.JtaTransactionMa