Title: Automated userdriven generalization of base maps Eddie Poppe UDMS, May 16, 2006
1Automated user-driven generalization of base
mapsEddie PoppeUDMS, May 16, 2006
2Content
- Concepts and problem
- base map, automated generalization, user
- Towards a methodology
- main research question, goal
- User Centred Design, Task Analysis
3What is a base map?
- A base map is a map layer which provides a
topographic setting for a thematic map. - Main functions
- To facilitate localization and orientation
- To highlight geographical relations between the
thematic information and the topographic
information
4What is the problem with base maps?
- Not adapted to user and use!
- pre-defined, fixed scale levels
- no specific purpose (multi-purpose)
- no specific viewpoint (multi-viewpoint)
5Generalization
- The adaptation of geo-data to user and use.
- data ? information
- Scale is (just) one aspect!
6Generalization process
object generalization (outside scope)
base data model
data
model generalization Which information is
required?
derived data model
information
cartographic generalization How to represent
this information?
cartographic model
information representation
(Grünreich, 1985)
7Why automated generalization?
- Database-driven
- Consistent
- Maintainable
- User and use requirements and preferences
(on-demand generalization) - Saving of time (dynamic generalization)
- But automated generalization is a complex
process!
8Involvement of the user
reality
cartographer
user
data provider
data providers domain
object generalization
base DM
users conceptual model
cartographers conceptual model
model generalization
cartographers domain
users domain
derived DM
user- and use-driven generalization (projects
scope)
generalization
cartographic design
cartographic generalization
map
cartographic model
9Main research question
- In which way can users tasks drive the automated
generalization of base maps?
10Goal
- To develop a method for the production of base
maps for various users and uses from one single
large-scale topographical database - Base map on demand
- The topographic base map does not exist!
11Which information is required?
- Depends on the user
- Depends on use
12How to represent this information?
- Depends (again) on the user
- Depends (again) on use
- Depends on map extent and resolution
13Implications for the research project
- Understand the user!
- Understand the use!
- How?
- User Centred Design (UCD)
- Task analysis to break down the map use tasks
into those constituent actions that may trigger
the generalization process
14User Centred Design (UCD)
- Early focus on understanding the user and the
context of use - Empirical testing and evaluation by
representative users - Iterative process
15UCD ISO 13407 model
Identify need for user-centered design
Understand and specify the context of use
Specify the users and organizational requirements
2 loops
Produce design solutions
Evaluate designs against requirements
16Context of use questions
- Who are the users and what are their information
needs? - Which map use tasks do they carry out to satisfy
their information needs? - Which actions imply a change of the base map?
17Context of use framework
user
emotion
purpose
map use
fantasy
scale
ratio
viewpoint
options
restrictions
use
18Users of physical plans
professionals
consumers
- government bodies
- judicial bodies
- urban and regional counselling bodies
- real estate developers and housing associations
- real estate agents
- energy and water companies
- citizens
- enterprise owners
- action groups
19Users of physical plans provinces
government bodies
- departments
- provinces
- kaderwetgebieden
- municipalities
- water boards
- design of a streekplan
- consistency check of plans of kaderwetgebieden
and municipalities with streekplan - maintenance
- monitoring
these goals may change according to new Wro
20Task analysis
Why?
How?
need
task
subneed
subtask
subneed
subtask
action
action
action
action
21Actions
- Actions may trigger the generalization process.
- overview
- zooming in and out
- high- and lowlighting
- panning
- details on demand
- relating
- combining data layers
22Specification of requirements
- Which topographic information is required to
carry out the map use tasks properly at each
scale (level)? - ? model generalization
- How should this information be represented on the
base map at each scale (level)? - ? cartographic generalization
23Specification of requirements
- Which functionality is required to support the
users tasks? - ? Grouping of requirements in task profiles
24Research methodology
professionals
consumers
- focus group discussions
- interviews
- enquiries
- interviews at information desks of government
bodies - participating observation and interviews at
participation events - enquiries at user panels
representative informants!
25ISO 13407 model
Identify need for user-centered design
Understand and specify the context of use
Specify the users and organizational requirements
2 loops
Produce design solutions
Evaluate designs against requirements
26- Thanks for your attention!
- Eddie Poppe
- phone 31-53-4874373
- mail poppe_at_itc.nl