System Planning, Development, Procurement

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System Planning, Development, Procurement
Maintenance

• PUAD 680
• Week 11

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Agenda

• Current events
• Alter, Information Systems Planning, chap. 11
  (contd from last week)
• Alter, Building Maintaining Information
  Systems, chap. 12
• Sector surveys

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Information Systems Planning

• Index of /jgifford

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Figure 12.1 Proj Dev Phases
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Overview of Alternative Approaches for Building
Information Systems

• The traditional life cycle uses a prescribed
  sequence of steps and deliverables
• The capability maturity model (CMM) tracks the
  extent to which an IT organization uses this type
  of life cycle in its development work
• A prototype IS is a working model built to learn
  about the true requirements of the system

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• An application package consists of commercially
  available software that addresses a specific type
  of business application
• Installed and operated by the IS department
• End-user development is the development of ISs
  by work system participants
• Procuring from an outside system developer

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Figure 12.3
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• Pros and cons of the traditional life cycle
• Adherence to fixed deliverables improves control
  but also guarantees a lengthy process
• Having specific deliverables makes it easier to
  monitor the work and take corrective actions
  early
• The traditional life cycle is the standard
  against which other approaches are compared

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Figure 12.5 Prototype Phases
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• Initiation
• The problem is not well understood and/or the
  users are unable to say exactly what they want
• Development
• Emphasizes speed and rapid feedback

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• Implementation
• Part of the implementation is done in parallel
  with development
• Operation and maintenance
• Similar to Systems Development Life Cycle

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Advantages Disadvantages

• Advantages
• Users have a tangible IS to work with during
  development
• Early user involvement may reduce skepticism
• Building prototypes is becoming easier

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• Disadvantages
• Too much user involvement
• Many changes
• Frequent deadlines are stressful

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Outside Procurement from System Developer

• Contract with outside developer to develop
  system, often using RFP
• Risks
• Contract management is difficult, esp. in public
  realm (e.g., award protests)
• Requirements creep
• Policy/external environment changes
• Advantages
• Provides access to outside expertise that may be
  difficult to hire
• Avoids some challenges of other methods.

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Deciding Which Combination of Methods to Use

• Combining system development approaches
• Some alternatives
• Use a prototype as part of the traditional life
  cycle
• Use a small application package as a prototype
• Adopt aspect of a traditional life cycle to
  purchasing an application package
• Add a user development component to the
  traditional life cycle