Research Process and Methods

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Research Process and Methods
Prof.Dr. Srisakdi Charmonman Board Chairman and
CEO College of Internet Distance
Education Assumption University
charm_at_ksc.au.edu
www.charm.au.edu
Keynote Address, Academic Research Seminar Ph.D.
in eLearning Methodology, Collage of Internet
Distance Education, Assumption University, July
26, 2008
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Research Process and Methods

• Introduction
• Definition of Research
• Research Process
• Research Methods
• Research Publishing
• Other Types of Researches
• Concluding Remarks

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• Introduction

• As of July 2008,the program of Ph.D. in
  eLearning Methodologyat Assumption Universityis
  the first and the only such programin the world.

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Introduction (Cont.)

• CIDE Ph.D. in eLearning Methodology established
  with emphasis on research.
• The Ph.D. Research must be original and
  significant.
• It is not acceptable to be- original but not
  significant- not original but significant

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Introduction (Cont.)

• At least one research paper must be published in
  a refereed publication of - ACM (Association
  for Computing Machinery)- IEEE (Institute of
  Electrical and Electronic Engineers)- Other
  learned societies at the same level as ACM and
  IEEE

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Introduction (Cont.)

• As of July 2008, the field of eLearning is
  still rather virgin in the sense thatnot many
  Ph.D.-level researcheshave been carried out.

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Introduction (Cont.)

• A Ph.D. candidate in eLearning Methodology may do
  research in- Hardware for eLearning- Software
  for eLearning- Network for eLearning- Security
  for eLearning

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Introduction (Cont.)

• - Management of eLearning
• - Human Resource in eLearning
• - Marketing of eLearning
• - Finance of eLearning

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Introduction (Cont.)

• - Best Practices in eLearning 
• - eLearning Degree Programs 
• - Corporate eLearning 
• - Support of eLearning
• - eLearning Technology 

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Introduction (Cont.)

• - Course Delivery  
• - Interactive Group Learning 
• - Collaborative Learning 
• - Accessible eLearning
• - Courseware Design and Production 

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Introduction (Cont.)

• - Conformance and Standards
• - Usability and Evaluation Framework 
• - Multilingual Contents 
• - Shared Resources
• - Learning Management Systems 
•  

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Introduction (Cont.)

• - Knowledge On-Demand 
• - Quality Assurance 
• - Interoperability eLearning
• - Principles and Practices 
• - Theories of Learning and eLearning 

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Introduction (Cont.)

• - Psychological Theories of eLearning 
• - Experiences and Lessons Learned 
• - eLearning Design Approaches
• - Any other related topics

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2. Definition of Research

• From en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research,
• Research is human activity based on intellectual
  applicationsin the investigation of matter.
• Research may be classified as- Basic Research-
  Applied Research

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2.1 Basic Research

• Basic Research also be called - Fundamental
  Research- Pure Research
• Basic Research is research in which the primary
  objectives are- The advancement of knowledge-
  The theoretical understanding of the relation
  among variables

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Definition of Research (Cont.)

• Basic Research is- Exploratory - Driven by
  researchers Curiosity Interest
  Intuition
• Basic Research is conducted without any practical
  end in mind.

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Definition of Research (Cont.)

• Basic Research may have unexpected practical
  applications.
• Basic Research may become the foundation for
  Applied Research.

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2.2 Applied Research

• Applied Research has the primary aim of-
  Discovering - Interpreting- Developmentof
  methods and systemsfor advancement of human
  knowledgeon wide variety of scientific
  mattersof the world and the universe.

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3. Research Process

• 3.1 Scientific Research Process
• 3.2 Historical Research Process

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3.1 Scientific Research Process

• Scientific Research process may vary depending
  on- The subject matter- The researcher

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Scientific Research Process (Cont.)

• Most formal research, either basic or applied,
  may follow the steps below
• Formation of the topic
• Hypothesis
• Conceptual definitions
• Operational definitions

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Scientific Research Process (Cont.)

• 5) Gathering of data
• 6) Analysis of data
• 7) Test, revising of hypothesis (if necessary)
• 8) Conclusion or repeat all the steps if
  necessary

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Scientific Research Process (Cont.)

• It should be noted that - A hypothesis is
  established to make prediction - A
  hypothesis is tested by observing the
  outcome of experiment or survey

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Scientific Research Process (Cont.)

• - If the outcome is not consistent with the
  hypothesis, the hypothesis is rejected.- If
  the outcome is consistent with the hypothesis,
  the hypothesis is accepted (the
  hypothesis is not proven but is supported by
  the experiment or survey).

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3.2 Historical Research Process

• The historical method is the techniquesand
  guidelines for historiansto use historical
  sources and other evidencesto research and then
  to write history.
• For Ph.D. in eLearning Methodology,a historical
  research is usually not acceptable.

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Historical Research Process (Cont.)

• Most historical research processmay follow the
  steps below
• Identification of origin date
• Evidence of localization
• Recognition of authorship
• Analysis of data
• Identification of integrity
• Attribution of credibility

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4. Research Methods

• From en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research,
• The goal of the research process is to
  produce new knowledge, which takes three main
  forms 1) Exploratory research which
  structures and identifies new problems
  2) Constructive research which develops
  solutions to a problem 3) Empirical research
  which tests the feasibility of a solution
  using empirical evidence

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Research Methods (Cont.)

• Research can also fall into two distinct types
• - Primary research
• - Secondary research

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Research Methods (Cont.)

• Primary research is also called field
  researchinvolves the collection of datathat
  does not already exist.
• There are numerous forms including -
  questionnaires - telephone interviews
• Primary researchis widely used in market
  researchand competitive intelligence.

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Research Methods (Cont.)

• It may be very expensive because many people
  need to be confronted.
• By the time the research is complete it may be
  out of date.
• People may have to be employedor avoid their
  primary dutiesfor the duration of the research.
• People may not reply if emails or letters are
  used.

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Research Methods (Cont.)

• Secondary research is also known as desk
  research.
• It involves the summary, collation and/or
  synthesis of existing researchrather than
  primary research,where data is collected from,
  for example, research subjects or experiments.

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Research Methods (Cont.)

• Secondary researchis widely used in- market
  research - medical research
• The principle methodologyin medical secondary
  research is the systematic review.

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Research Methods (Cont.)

• Systematic review is commonly using
  meta-analytic statistical techniques, although
  other methods of synthesis, like realist reviews
  and meta-narrative reviews, have been developed
  in recent years.

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Research Methods (Cont.)

• Research methods used by scholars include
• 1) Action research
• 2) Cartography
• 3) Case study
• 4) Classification
• 5) Citation Analysis

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Research methods (Cont.)

• 6) Consumer ethnocentrism
• 7) Content or Textual Analysis
• 8) Delphi method
• 9) Ethnography
• 10) Experience and intuition
• 11) Experiments
• 12) Interviews

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Research methods (Cont.)

• 13) Mathematical models
• 14) Participant observation
• 15) Q methodology
• 16) Questionnaires
• 17) Simulation
• 18) Statistical analysis
• 19) Statistical surveys

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Action research is a reflective process of
  progressive problem solving led by
  individuals to improve the way they address
  issues and solve problems.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Cartography or mapmaking
• is the study and practice
• of making representations
• of the Earth on a flat surface.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• In Case Study, rather than using large
  samples and following a rigid protocol to
  examine a limited number of variables, the
  method involves an in-depth, longitudinal
  examination of a single instance or event a
  case.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Classification or Categorization is the
  process in which ideas and objects
• are recognized, differentiated and
  understood.
• Categorization implies that objects are
  grouped into categories, usually for some
  specific purpose.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Ideally, a category illuminates a
  relationship between the subjects and objects
  of knowledge
• Categorization is fundamental in - language
  - prediction - inference - decision
  making - all kinds of environmental interaction

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Citation analysis is the examination of the
  frequency and pattern of citations in articles
  and books.
• Citation is used in scholarly works to
  establish links to other works or other
  researchers. It is the most common method
  of bibliometrics

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Consumer ethnocentrism is derived from the
  more general psychological concept of
  ethnocentrism.
• Basically, ethnocentric individuals tend to
  view their group as superior to others. As
  such, they view other groups from the
  perspective of their own, and reject those
  which are different while accepting those which
  are similar.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Content analysis is sometimes called textual
  analysis.
• Content analysis is a standard methodology in
  the social sciences for studying the content
  of communication.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Earl Babbie defined as the study of recorded
  human communications, such as books, websites,
  paintings and laws."
• It is also a scholarly methodology in the
  humanities by which texts are studied as to
  authorship, authenticity, or meaning.
  This latter subject include philology,
  hermeneutics, and semiotics.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Delphi is based on the principle that
  forecasts from a structured group of experts
  are more accurate than those from unstructured
  groups or individuals.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• The technique can be adapted for use in
  face-to-face meetings, and is then called
  mini-Delphi or Estimate-Talk-Estimate (ETE).
• Delphi has been widely used for business
  forecasting and has certain advantages over
  another structured forecasting approach, and
  prediction markets.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Ethnography presents the results of a
  holistic research method founded on the idea
  that a systems properties cannot necessarily
  be accurately understood independently of
  each other.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• The genre has both formal and historical
  connections to travel writing and colonial
  office reports.
• Several academic traditions, in particular
  the constructivist and relativist paradigms,
  employ ethnographic research as a crucial
  research method.
• Many cultural anthropologists consider
  ethnography the essence of the discipline

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Experience as a general concept comprises
  knowledge of or skill in or observation of
  some thing or some event gained through
  involvement in or exposure to that thing or
  event.
• The history of the word experience aligns it
  closely with the concept of experiment.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• In scientific inquiry, an experiment is a
  method of investigating particular types of
  research questions or solving particular types
  of problems.
• The experiment is a cornerstone in the
  empirical approach to acquiring deeper
  knowledge about the world and is used in
  both natural sciences as well as in social
  sciences.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• An experiment is defined, in science, as a
  method of investigating less known fields,
  solving practical problems, proving theoretical
  assumptions

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Research methods (Cont.)

• An interview is a conversation between two or
  more people (the interviewer and the
  interviewee) where questions are asked by
  the interviewer to obtain information from the
  interviewee.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• A mathematical model uses mathematical
  language to describe a system.
• Mathematical models are used particularly in
  the natural sciences and engineering
  disciplines, such as - physics - biology -
  meteorology - electrical engineering but also
  in the social sciences (such as economics,
  sociology and political science) physicists,
  engineers, computer scientists, and economists
  use mathematical models most extensively.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Mathematical models are also in the social
  sciences, such as - economics - sociology
  - political science
• Physicists, Engineers, Computer Scientists,
  and Economists use mathematical models most
  extensively.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Eykhoff defined a mathematical model as a
  representation of the essential aspects of an
  existing system (or a system to be
  constructed) which presents knowledge of that
  system in usable form.
• Mathematical models can take many forms,
  including but not limited to dynamical systems,
  statistical models, differential equations, or
  game theoretic models.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• These and other types of models can overlap,
• with a given model involving a variety
  of abstract structures.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Participant observation is a set of research
  strategies which aim to gain a close and
  intimate familiarity with a given group of
  individuals, such as - religious -
  occupational - subcultural group - particular
  community - practices through an intensive
  involvement with people in their natural
  environment, often though not always over
  an extended period of time.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• The method originated in field work of social
  anthropologists, especially Bronislaw
  Malinowski and his students in Britain, the
  students of Franz Boas in the US, and in the
  urban research of the Chicago School of
  sociology.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Q Methodology is a research method used in
  psychology and other social sciences to study
  peoples subjectivity -- that is, their
  viewpoint.
• Q was developed by psychologist William
  Stephenson. It has been used both in clinical
  settings for assessing patients, as well as
  in research settings to examine how people
  think about a topic.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• The name Q comes from the form of factor
  analysis that is used to analyze the data.
• Normal factor analysis, called R method
  involves finding correlations between
  variables (say, height and age) across a
  sample of subjects.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• A questionnaire is a research instrument
  consisting of a series of questions and other
  prompts for the purpose of gathering
  information from respondents.
• Although they are often designed for
  statistical analysis of the responses, this is
  not always the case. The questionnaire was
  invented by Sir Francis Galton.
• Questionnaires are used by sociologists, and
  positivists prefer closed questions.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Simulation is the imitation of some real thing,
  state of affairs, or process.
• The act of simulating something generally
  entails representing certain key characteristics
  or behaviours of a selected physical or
  abstract system.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Statistics is a mathematical science
  pertaining to the collection, analysis,
  interpretation or explanation, and
  presentation of data.
• It is applicable to a wide variety of
  academic disciplines, from the natural and
  social sciences to the humanities, government
  and business.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Statistical surveys are used to collect
  quantitative information about items in a
  population.
• Surveys of human populations and institutions
  are common in political polling and
  government, health, and social science and
  marketing research.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• A survey may focus on opinions or factual
  information depending on its purpose, and many
  surveys involve administering questions to
  individuals.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Questions are administered by a researcher,
  the survey is called a structured interview
  or a researcher-administered survey.
• Questions are administered by the respondent,
  the survey is referred to as a questionnaire or
  a self-administered survey.

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Research methods (Cont.)

• Research is often conducted using the
  hourglass model.
• The hourglass model starts with a broad
  spectrum for research, focusing in on the
  required information through the methodology
  of the project (like the neck of the
  hourglass), then expands the research in
  the form of discussion and results.

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5. Research Publishing

• Academic publishing describes a system that is
  necessaryin order for academic scholarsto peer
  review the work and make it available for a
  wider audience.
• The system, which is probably disorganized
  enough not to merit the title, varies widely by
  field, and is also always changing, if often
  slowly.

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Research Publishing (Cont.)

• Most academic work is published in journal
  article or book form. In publishing, STM
  publishing is an abbreviation for academic
  publications in science, technology, and medicine.

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Research Publishing (Cont.)

• Most established academic fields have their own
  journals and other outlets for publication.
• Though many academic journalsare somewhat
  interdisciplinary, and publish work from several
  distinct fields or subfields. The kinds of
  publications that are accepted as contributions
  of knowledge or research vary greatly between
  fields

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Research Publishing (Cont.)

• Academic publishing is undergoing major
  changes,emerging from the transition from the
  printto the electronic format.
• For Ph.D. in eLearning Methodology,
• electronic format is not acceptable.

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Research Publishing (Cont.)

• Presently, a major trend, particularly with
  respect to scholarly journals, is open access.
• There are two main forms of open access - Open
  access publishing in which the articles or
  the whole journal is freely available from the
  time of publication- Self-archiving where the
  author makes a copy of their own work freely
  available on the web.

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Research Publishing (Cont.)

• For Ph.D. in eLearning Methodology,
• publication in refereed Proceedings
• of Conferences organized by ACM
• and IEEE is accepted.

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Research Publishing (Cont.)

• Samples of ACM Proceedings are
• A-MOST Workshop on Advances
  in Model-Based Testing
• ACM Policy ACM Policy
• ACM-SE ACM Southeast Regional
  Conference

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Samples of ACM Proceedings(Cont.)

• ACM/CSC-ER ACM Annual
  Conference/Annual Meeting
• AFRIGRAPH Computer graphics, virtual
  reality, visualisation
  and interaction in Africa

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• AGENTS International Conference
  on Autonomous Agents
• AICPS ACM International Conference
  Proceeding Series
• ANCS Symposium On Architecture For
  Networking And Communications
  Systems

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• ANNA Analysis of Neural Net Applications
  Conference
• ANSS Annual Simulation Symposium

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• AOSD Aspect-oriented software development
• APGV Applied Perception in Graphics and
  Visualization
• APL International Conference on APL
• ASE Automated Software Engineering
• ASPDAC with EDA Technofair Design Automation
  Conference Asia and South Pacific

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• ASPLOS Architectural Support
  for Programming Languages and
  Operating Systems
• ASSETS ACM SIGACCESS Conference
  on Assistive Technologies
• CC Creativity and Cognition
• CASES International Conference on Compilers,
  Architecture and Synthesis
  for Embedded Systems

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• CAW Computer Architecture Workshop
• CC Critical Computing
• CCS Conference on Computer and
  Communications Security
• CCSC Consortium for Computing Sciences
  in Colleges
• CCU Contemporary Computing in Ukraine

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• CF Conference On Computing Frontiers
• CFP Computers, Freedom and Privacy
• CGO Code Generation and Optimization
• CHI Conference on Human Factors in
  Computing Systems
• CHIMIT Computer Human Interaction
  for the Management of
  Information Technology

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• CIKM Conference on Information and
  Knowledge Management
• CIVR Conference On Image And Video Retrieval
• CLADE International Workshop on Challenges
  of Large Applications
  in Distributed Environments
• CODESISSS International Conference
  on Hardware Software Codesign
• COLT Annual Workshop on
  Computational Learning Theory

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• COMM Applications, Technologies,
  Architectures, and Protocols
  for Computer Communication
• COMPUTE Annual Bangalore Compute
  Conference
• CPR Special Interest Group on
  Computer Personnel Research Annual
  Conference
• CQL Symposium on Computers and the Quality of
  Life
• CSC ACM Annual Computer Science Conference

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• CSCW Computer Supported Cooperative Work
• CUU ACM Conference on Universal Usability
• CVE Collaborative Virtual Environments
• CoNEXT International Conference
  On Emerging Networking Experiments
  And Technologies
• DAC Annual ACM IEEE Design Automation
  Conference

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• DARE Designing Augmented Reality
  Environments
• DATE Design, Automation, and Test in Europe
• DEBS Distributed event-based systems
• DIAL M Workshop on Discrete Algothrithms
  and Methods for MOBILE Computing
  and Communications
• DIM Workshop On Digital Identity Management

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• DIS Symposium on Designing Interactive
  Systems
• DLS Dynamic Languages Symposium
• DMKD Data Mining And Knowledge Discovery
• DOLAP Data Warehousing and OLAP
• DPDS International Symposium on Databases
  for Parallel and Distributed Systems

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• DPPI Designing Pleasurable Products
  And Interfaces
• DRM ACM Workshop On Digital Rights
  Management
• DS-RT Distributed Simulation and
  Real-Time Application
• DUX Designing For User Experiences

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• DaMoN Data Management On New Hardware
• DocEng Document Engineering
• Dynamo Workshop on Dynamic and Adaptive
  Compilation and Optimization
• EATIS Euro American Conference On
  Telematics And Information Systems
• EC Electronic Commerce

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• ECA Ethics in the Computer Age
• ECLIPSE OOPSLA workshop on eclipse
  technology eXchange
• EDTC European Design and Test Conference
• EMSOFT International Conference
  On Embedded Software
• ERLANG Annual ERLANG Workshop

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• ETRA Eye Tracking Research Application
• EW ACM SIGOPS European Workshop
• EmNets Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors
• EuroDAC European Design Automation
  Conference
• EuroSys European Conference on
  Computer Systems

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• ExpCS Workshop On Experimental
  Computer Science
• FMSE Workshop on Formal Methods in
  Security Engineering
• FMSP Formal Methods in Software Practice
• FOIS Formal Ontology in Information Systems
• FPCA Functional Programming Languages
  and Computer Architecture

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• FPGA International Symposium on
  Field Programmable Gate Arrays
• Future Play Future Play
• GECCO Genetic And Evolutionary Computation
  Conference
• GIR Workshop On Geographic Information
  Retrieval
• GIS Geographic Information Systems

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• GLVLSI Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI
• GPCE Generative Programming And
  Component Engineering
• GRAPHITE Computer graphics
  and interactive techniques
  in Australasia and South East Asia
• GROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• HMI History of Medical Informatics
• HOPL History of Programming Languages
• HPDC High Performance Distributed Computing
• HPW History of Personal Workstations
• HRI ACM SIGCHI/SIGART Human-Robot
  Interaction

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• HSNC History of Scientific and Numeric
  Computation
• HT Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia
• HWWS SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS
  Conference On Graphics Hardware
• Hypercube Hypercube Concurrent Computers
  and Applications

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• I3D Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics
• ICAIL International Conference on
  Artificial Intelligence and Law
• ICCAD International Conference
  on Computer Aided Design
• ICE International Conference on Information
  and Computation Economies
• ICER International Computing Education
• Research Workshop

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• ICFP International Conference on
  Functional Programming
• ICIS International Conference on
  Information Systems
• ICMI International Conference on
  Multimodal Interfaces
• ICS International Conference on Supercomputing
• ICSE International Conference on
  Software Engineering

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• ICSOC International Conference
  On Service Oriented Computing
• IDC Interactive Design And Children
• IEA/AEI International conference on Industrial
  and engineering applications
  of artificial intelligence
  and expert systems
• IHIS Interoperability Of Heterogeneous
  Information Systems
• IMC Internet Measurement Conference

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• IOPADS Workshop on I/O in Parallel
  and Distributed Systems
• IPSN Information Processing In Sensor Networks
• IQIS Information Quality in
  Informational Systems
• IRAL International Workshop on
  Information Retrieval with Asia
  Languages
• IRP2PN Information Retrieval
  In Peer-To-Peer Networks

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• IRTAW International Workshop on
  Real-time Ada Issues
• ISCA International Symposium on
  Computer Architecture
• ISESE International Symposium on
  Empirical Software Engineering
• ISLPED International Symposium
  on Low Power Electronics and Design
• ISMAR Symposium on Mixed and
  Augmented Reality

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• ISMIS International Symposium on
  Methodologies for Intelligent Systems
• ISMM International Symposium on
  Memory Management
• ISPD International Symposium on
  Physical Design
• ISPW International Software Process Workshop
• ISSAC International Conference on Symbolic
  and Algebraic Computation

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• ISSS International Symposium on
  Systems Synthesis
• ISSTA International Symposium on
  Software Testing and Analysis
• ISW International Symposium on Wikis
• ITiCSE Annual Joint Conference
  Integrating Technology into
  Computer Science Education
• IUI International Conference on
  Intelligent User Interfaces

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• IVME Interpreters, Virtual Machines
  And Emulators
• IWCMC International Conference
  On Communications And Mobile
  Computing
• IWSSD International Workshop on
  Software Specifications Design
• InfoSecCD Information security
  curriculum development
• JAVA Java Grande Conference

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• JCDL/DL International Conference
  on Digital Libraries
• KCAP International Conference On
  Knowledge Capture
• KDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery
  in Data
• LCTES Language, Compiler and Tool Support
  for Embedded Systems
• LFP Conference on LISP and Functional
  Programming

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• MDM International Conference On
  Mobile Data Management
• MEDEA Memory Performance
  Dealing With Applications,
  Systems And Architecture
• MICRO International Symposium
  on Microarchitecture
• MM International Multimedia Conference
• MMDB ACM International Workshop
  On Multimedia Databases

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• MSP Memory System Performance
• MSWiM International Workshop
  on Modeling Analysis and
  Simulation of Wireless and
  Mobile Systems
• MVL Multiple-Valued Logic
• Middleware Middleware Conference

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• MobiArch Mobility In The Evolving Internet
  Architecture
• MobiCom International Conference
  on Mobile Computing and
  Networking
• MobiDE International Workshop
  on Data Engineering for
  Wireless and Mobile Access

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• MobiHoc International Symposium
  on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking
  Computing
• MobiSys International Conference
  On Mobile Systems, Applications
  And Services

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• Mobility International Conference
  On Mobile Technology, Applications,
  And Systems
• NOSSDAV International Workshop on Network
  and Operating System Support
  for Digital Audio and Video
• NPAR Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
• NPIVM New Paradigms in Information Visualization
  and Manipulation
• NSPW New Security Paradigms Workshop

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• NetGames Network and System Support
  for Games
• OODS International Workshop on
  Object-Oriented Database Systems
• OOPSLA Conference on Object Oriented
  Programming Systems Languages
  and Applications

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• PADS Workshop on Parallel and Distributed
  Simulation
• PASCO International Symposium
• on Parallel Symbolic
  Computation
• PASTE Workshop on Program Analysis
  for Software Tools and Engineering
• PDC Participatory Design
• PEPM ACM/SIGPLAN Workshop Partial
  Evaluation and Semantics-Based Program
  Manipulation

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• PLDI Conference on Programming Language
  Design and Implementation
• PLOS Programming Languages and
  Operating Systems
• PODC Annual ACM Symposium on
  Principles of Distributed Computing
• PODS Symposium on Principles of
  Database Systems
• POMC ACM Workshop On Principles
  Of Mobile Computing

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• POPL Annual Symposium on Principles
  of Programming Languages
• PPDP International Conference on Principles
  and Practice of Declarative Programming
• PPEALS Symposium on Principles and Practice
  of Parallel Programming
• PPoPP Principles and Practice of
  Parallel Programming
• PRS Parallel Rendering Symposium

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• PVG Parallel and large-data visualization
  and graphics
• RBAC ACM Workshop on Role Based
  Access Control
• RECOMB Annual Conference on Research
  in Computational Molecular Biology
• RKRAS Research In Knowledge Representation
  For Autonomous Systems
• RULE Workshop On Rule-Based Programming

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• SCG Annual Symposium on Computational Geometry
• SCM Software Configuration Management Workshop
• SCN Simulation of Computer Networks
• SCSC Summer Computer Simulation Conference
• SESPSDE Software Engineering Symposium on
  Practical Software Development Environments

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• SETA Symposium on Environments and
  Tools for Ada
• SICOSIM Sigcosim Symposium
• SIGAda Annual International Conference
  on Ada
• SIGCSE Technical Symposium on
  Computer Science Education
• SIGDOC ACM Special Interest Group
  for Design of Communication

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• SIGFORTH SIGFORTH
• SIGGRAPH International Conference
  on Computer Graphics
  and Interactive Techniques
• SIGIR Annual ACM Conference on
  Research and Development in
  Information Retrieval
• SIGMETRICS Joint International Conference
  on Measurement and Modeling
  of Computer Systems

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• SVR SIGGRAPH Video Review
• SWS Workshop On Secure Web Services
• SYMSAC Symposium on Symbolic
  and Algebraic Manipulation
• SenSys Conference On Embedded Networked
  Sensor Systems
• TAPIA Richard Tapia Celebration Of Diversity
  In Computing

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• TARK Theoretical Aspects Of Rationality
  And Knowledge
• TAU Timing Issues In The Specification
  And Synthesis Of Digital Systems
• TDES Trends and Direction in Expert Systems
• TEI Tangible and embedded interaction
• TLDI Types In Languages Design
• And Implementation

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• UIMC Conference On Ubiquitous Information
  Management And Communication
• UIST Symposium on User Interface Software
  and Technology
• VAST Virtual reality, archeology,
  and cultural heritage
• VEE ACM/Usenix International Conference
  On Virtual Execution Environments
• VIS IEEE Visualization

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• VRML Virtual Reality Modeling Language
  Symposium
• VRST Virtual Reality Software and Technology
• VTDC Virtualization Technology in
  Distributed Computing
• VolVis Symposium on Volume Visualization
• WACC International Conference on
  Work activities Coordination and
  Collaboration

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• WADAS Washington Ada Symposium
• WCAE Workshop On Computer Architecture
  Education
• WI Web Intelligence
• WIDM Workshop On Web Information
  And Data Management
• WISEC Conference On Wireless Network
  Security

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Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)

• WiSe Workshop on Wireless Security
• WoWMoM International Workshop
  on Wireless Mobile Multimedia
• XIME-P Workshop on XQuery Implementation,
  Experience and Perspectives
• XMLSEC Workshop On XML Security

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Samples of IEEE Proceedings

• IEEE publishes more than 500 proceedings per
  year. Sample are given below
• - Automated Production of Cross Media Content
  for Multi-Channel Distribution (AXMEDIS).
• - Annual Symposium on Switching and Automata
• - International Conference on 3-D Digital
  Imaging and Modeling.

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Samples of IEEE Proceedings (Cont.)

• Balancing the Score Card Effective Supply Chain
  Management for all Stakeholders.
• Baltic Electronics Conference
• Bandwidth on Demand
• Behavioral Modeling and Simulation (BMAS), IEEE
  International Workshop on
• Best of Manufacturing Logistics, IEEE Colloquium
  on

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6. Other Types of Researches

• There are many types researches such as
• Advertising Research
• Internet research
• Consumer Marketing research
• Operations research
• Action research
• Social research

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Other Types of Researches (Cont.)

• 1) Advertising research is a specialized form of
  marketing research conducted to improve the
  efficiency of advertising.

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Advertising research (Cont.)

• According to MarketConscious.com, It may focus
  on a specific ad or campaign, or may be directed
  at a more general understanding of how
  advertising works or how consumers use the
  information in advertising.
• It can entail a variety of research approaches,
  including psychological, sociological, economic,
  and other perspectives

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Other Types of Researches (Cont.)

• 2) Internet research is the practice of using
  the Internet, especially the World Wide Web, for
  research. To the extent that the Internet is
  widely and readily accessible to hundreds of
  millions of people in many parts of the world, it
  can provide practically instant information on
  most topics, and is having a profound impact on
  the way in which ideas are formed and knowledge
  is created.

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Other Types of Researches (Cont.)

• 3) Consumer market research is a form of applied
  sociologythat concentrates on understandingthe
  behaviours, whims and preferences,of consumers
  in a market-based economy. It also aims to
  understand the effects and comparative success of
  marketing campaigns.

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Consumer market research (Cont.)

• The field of consumer marketing research as a
  statistical science was pioneered by Arthur
  Nielsen with the founding of the ACNielsen
  Company in 1923 and later the A.C. Nielsen
  Center for Marketing Research.

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Other Types of Researches (Cont.)

• 4) Operations Research (OR) is an
  interdisciplinary branch of applied mathematics
  and formal science that uses methods like
  mathematical modeling, statistics, and algorithms
  to arrive at optimalor near optimal solutions to
  complex problems.

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Operations Research (Cont.)

• Operation Research is used in North America,
  South Africa and Australia, and Operational
  Research in Europe.
• It is typically concerned with optimizing the
  maxima (profit, assembly line performance, crop
  yield, bandwidth, etc) or minima (loss, risk,
  etc) of some objective function.

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Operations Research (Cont.)

• Operations research helps management achieve its
  goals using the scientific process.

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Other Types of Researches (Cont.)

• 5) Action Research or Participatory action
  research has emerged in recent yearsas a
  significant methodology for intervention,
  development and change within communities and
  groups.

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Action Research (Cont.)

• It is now promoted and implemented by many
  international development agencies and
  university programs CCAR, as well as countless
  local community organizations around the
  world.

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Other Types of Researches (Cont.)

• 6) Social Research refers to research conducted
  by social scientists (primarily within sociology
  and social psychology), but also within other
  disciplines such as- social policy- human
  geography- political science- social
  anthropology - education

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Social Research (Cont.)

• Sociologists and other social scientists study
  diverse things from census dataon hundreds of
  thousands of human beings, through the in-depth
  analysis of the lifeof a single important person
  to monitoring what is happeningon a street
  todayor what was happening a few hundred years
  ago.

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7. Concluding Remarks

• The program of Ph.D. in eLearning Methodology
• at the College of Internet Distance
  Education
• of Assumption University
• requires research which must be
• original and significant.

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Concluding Remarks (Cont.)

• This paper presented
• - Definition of Research
• - Research Process
• - Research Methods
• - Research Publishing
• - Other Types of Researches

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Concluding Remarks (Cont.)

• More information about the research forPh.D.
  in eLearning Methodologywill be given by
  subsequent speakers later today.

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Concluding Remarks (Cont.)

• Please accept my best wish for all of you,Ph.D.
  students, to be able to complete your Ph.D.
  researches and get them published in refereed
  publicationsand pass the Ph.D. dissertation
  defense as soon as you wish.

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Thank You