Introductory Notes

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Introductory Notes
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Earth Science a blending of many different
sciences, including geology, meteorology,
oceanography, and astronomy
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Geology the study of the materials that make up
Earth- the study of Rocks
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Meteorology the study of the air that
surrounds our planet
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Oceanography the study of Earths oceans
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Astronomy the study of objects beyond Earths
atmosphere- the study of Space
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Earths Systems
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Lithosphere rigid outer shell of
the planet, including the crust and the uppermost
part of the mantle
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Hydrosphere all of Earths water, 97 exists as
salt water
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Most freshwater is contained in glaciers, very
little fresh water exists as liquid on the
Earths surface
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Atmosphere blanket of gases that surround our
planet 78 Nitrogen, 21 Oxygen, 1 - H2O(v),
argon, CO2, and other gases
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Biosphere all organisms on Earth and the
environments they live in, most organisms live
within a few meters of the earths surface
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Scientific Investigations
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Scientific Method organized approach to
solving a problem
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Scientific Method ObservationQuestionHypothesi
sPredictionExperiment / TestAnalysisConclusion

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Measurements scientific experiments involve
making measurements. The System International of
Units or SI for short is the standard system of
units used
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Length Meter (m)Volume Liter (l)Weight
Gram (g) Temp Degrees Celsius (oC)
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Common Prefixeskilo 1000 or 103 centi
1/100 or 10-2 milli 1/1000 or 10-3
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Scientific Notation a form of shorthand to
express very large and very small numbers
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Number will be expressed as a value 0 thru 10
multiplied by a power of 10.
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Number less than 1 get a negative power
3.0 x 10-3 0.003Numbers greater than 1 get a
positive power 3.0 x 103 3000
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Example 190,000,000,000m
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Answer 19.0 x 1010m
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Example 25,974,200,000,000,000,000,000kg
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Answer 25.9742 x 1021kg
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Example 30.000,000,000,021g
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Answer 32.1 x 10-11g