Carbohydrates

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Carbohydrates
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General Characteristics

• Polymers of simple sugars
• Classified based on the number of sugars
• Sugars
• 3 7 carbons
• OH attached to each carbon but one
• Aldehydes or ketones

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aldehyde
ketone
aldehyde
C6H12O6
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Monosaccharides

• Simple sugars
• Monomers of di- and poly-saccharides
• Store energy in bonds
• 3 types
• Trioses (glyceraldehyde)
• Pentoses (ribose, deoxyribose)
• Hexoses (glucose, fructose)

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Glucose

• Linear Form (dry)

• Ring Form (in solution)

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Disaccharides (double sugars)

• Condensation reaction (remove water)

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Examples

• Glucose water Fructose ? Sucrose
• Glucose water Glucose ? Maltose
• Glucose water Galactose ? Lactose

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Polysaccharides (many monosaccharides bonded
together)

• Storage
• Starch (store in plants)
• Glycogen (store in animals)
• Structural
• Cellulose (plant cell wall)
• Chitin (exoskeletons)

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Isomers of glucose
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Starch

• Polymer of alpha glucose ( -glucose)
• 1-4 linkages

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Cellulose

• Polymer of beta glucose ( - glucose)
• Unbranched 1-4 linkages
• Most animals cannot break 1-4 linkages