Cell Reproduction and Growth

1
Cell Reproduction and Growth

• Pages 207 - 216

2
Limits on Cell Size

• Diffusion is more efficient over short distances
• DNA limitations (has to be able to make proteins
  for whole cell)
• Surface area to volume ratio

3
Cell Reproduction

• 1 somatic cell (parent cell) reproduces to make 2
  identical somatic cells (daughter cells)

4
The Cell Cycle (phases in the life cycle of a
cell)
Interphase (G1, S, G2) Prophase Metaphase
Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
5
What happens in each of these phases of the cell
cycle?
6
Interphase

• Cell grows in size and metabolizes
• Chromosomes duplicated

7

• G1-growth phase 1

• S-synthesis

• G2-growth phase 2

8
1. Prophase

• Chromatin coils up into chromosomes
• (Chromosomes are made up of 2 sister chromatids
  attached by a centromere)
• Nuclear membrane disappears
• Centrioles move to poles
• Spindle forms

9
2. Metaphase

• Chromosomes attach to the spindle and line up on
  the equator of the cell.
• Spindle fibers attach to each sister chromatid at
  the centromere.

10
3. Anaphase

• Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite
  poles as spindle fibers shorten

11
4. Telophase

• Chromatids reach poles
• Chromosomes unwind
• Nuclei reform
• Spindle fibers break down

12
5. Cytokinesis

• Division of the cytoplasmseparation of the 2 new
  cells

13
Summary
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
Check your BRAIN!

• Describe how a cells surface area-to-volume
  ratio limits its size.
• 2. Why is it necessary for a cells chromosomes
  to be distributed to its daughter cells in such a
  precise manner?
• 3. How is the division of cytoplasm different in
  plants and in animals?
• 4. List the 5 phases of mitosis.

20
Key Terms

• Chromosomes
• Chromatin
• Sister chromatids
• Centromere
• Spindle (spindle fibers)
• Centrioles
• Cleavage furrow
• Cell plate
• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase
• Cytokinesis