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Avocados

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Avocados – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Avocados


1
Avocados
Human Nutrition HLTH 2001 Random Facts
  • In the Guinness Book of Records as the most
    nutritious fruit known to man
  • Unique in that it only ripens once picked
  • Contain monounsaturated fat
  • Source of antioxidants vit A, C and E
  • Contain folate (impt during pregnancy)
  • potassium (impt for fluid balance)
  • Good source of protein, vit B6
  • Low in sodium
  • High in fibre

2
Human Nutrition Lecture 3 Dietary Adequacy
3
Revision
  • Whitney Rolfes
  • Understanding Nutrition, 10th Ed. 2005
  • Appendix E to revise why different types of
    assessment are conducted
  • eg FFQ vs 24 hr recall
  • Health history vs biochemical assessment
  • Anthropometric measures- what is valid, changes
    with age and gender

4
Dietary Adequacy
  • Dietary Reference Intakes
  • Standards that define the amounts of
  • Energy
  • Nutrients
  • dietary components
  • physical activity
  • that BEST SUPPORT HEALTH

5
  • RDA/RDI vs NRVs
  • RDA (American)- text book
  • Recommended Dietary Allowance
  • Recommended Daily Allowance
  • RDI (Australian)
  • Recommended Dietary Intake ?
  • Recommended Daily Intake
  • NRVs (New Australian Standards)
  • Nutrient Reference Values

6
Australian Standards
  • RDI - recommended dietary intake
  • Nutrient Reference Values
  • Revised 2006
  • Dietary Guidelines for Australians

7
  • Definition of RDI
  • The levels of intake of essential nutrients
    considered to be adequate to meet the known
    nutritional needs of nearly all healthy people.

8
RDIs
  • Established in 1991 and revised in 1997
  • Population based
  • age/gender categories
  • generous allowance to include variation in
    digestion absorption

9
  • the attached a URL (hyperlinked) is for The
    Australian Dietary Guidelines in case you want to
    look at them more closely
  • for children adolescents in Australia
  • for Australian adults
  • The guidelines have recently been reviewed.

10
Dietary Guidelines for Australians
11

Final Outcome
12
Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs)
NRVs for Australia and NZ released in 2006
13
Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs)
  • The NRVs are made up of the following  
  • Estimated average requirements (EAR)
  • Recommended dietary intake (RDI)
  • Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) in USA and
    thus in textbook
  • Adequate intakes (AI)
  • Upper limits (UL)
  • Suggested dietary targets (SDTs)
  • Estimated energy requirement (EER)
  • Acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR)

14
Estimated average requirements (EAR)
  • The amount of a nutrient estimated to meet the
    requirements of half the healthy individuals of a
    particular age and gender.
  • This value is the median usual intake of the
    population.
  • Once the EAR was set, an RDI could be derived

15
Recommended dietary intake (RDI)
  • The average amount of a nutrient needed each day
    to meet the requirements of nearly all healthy
    individuals of a particular age and gender.

16
RDIs
RDI EAR 2SDEAR
17
Adequate intakes (AI)
  •   Used when an EAR and therefore RDI cannot be
    determined because of limited or inconsistent
    data.
  • RDIs are derived from EARs. When the EAR is not
    known or is unclear, AIs based on the mean intake
    of the population known not to have a deficiency
    has been adopted.

18
Upper limits (UL)
  • ULs have been set to avoid toxicity or other
    symptoms.
  • Tolerable Upper Intake Level
  • The maximum daily amount of a nutrient that
    appears safe for most people ad beyond which
    there is an increased risk of adverse health
    effects

19
How these terms are Applied
Although NRVs are expressed on a PER DAY basis,
they should apply to intakes assessed over a
period of 3-4 days
20
Suggested dietary targets (SDTs)
  • The amount of a nutrient required to prevent or
    reduce the risk of chronic disease.

21
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
  • The average amount of energy (kJ) predicted to
    maintain weight and good health for a healthy
    adult of  a particular
  • age,
  • gender
  • weight
  • height
  • level of physical activity

22
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
(AMDR)
  • The estimated range required for each
    macronutrient that would allow for an adequate
    intake of all other nutrients, whilst maximising
    general health.
  • expressed as a contribution to energy
  • Eg 45 Carbohydrate

23
Old RDIs vs New NRVs
  • RDI is just one component of the NRVs
  • There are now recommendations for a wider range
    of nutrients

24
Nutrients that are Included in the NRVs















25
Old RDIs vs New NRVs
  • Nutrients which have recommendations for the
    first time are
  • Fibre - while recommendations for fibre did exist
    previously, they were not included as part of the
    old RDIs.
  • Carbohydrate - recommendations for infants have
    been included.
  • Fats - recommendations for essential fatty acids
    have been included.
  • Water
  • Vitamins - biotin, pantothenic acid, choline,
    vitamin K.
  • Minerals - chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine,
    manganese, molybdenum, phosphorus.

26
Old RDIs vs New NRVs
  • Changes have also been made to the recommended
    intakes of some nutrients.
  • Recommended intakes have increased for
  • thiamine, B6, B12, folate, vitamin A (for men
    only), calcium, zinc (for men only), iron and
    magnesium.
  • Recommendations have decreased for
  • riboflavin, niacin, vitamin A (for women only),
    zinc (for women only), selenium and sodium
    (salt).

27
Old RDIs vs New NRVs
  • Vitamin A previously had a recommended daily
    intake (RDI) of 750 mg for men and women aged
    19-54 years.
  •  

28
Summary of NRVs
  • The RDIs, EARs and AIs are set at levels to avoid
    deficiency diseases
  • The UL is set to limit harm

Danger of toxicity
Tolerable Upper Intake Level
Marginal
SDT
Safety
RDI or AI
The SDTs aim to prevent or reduce the risk of
chronic disease.
Estimated Average Requirement
Marginal
Danger of deficiency
29
Example Long chain Omega-3 (DHA/EPA/DPA) mg/day
NHMRC. Nutrient Reference Values for Australia
and New Zealand. Commonwealth of Australia, 2006.
30
How is this information used?
  • Ensure nutritional adequacy for therapeutic diets
  • eg. low fat diets ? Vitamin A
  • a guide for planning menus
  • eg. AIS dining room or military

31
How is this information used?
  • assessment of nutritional adequacy for an
    individual
  • eg. your personal dietary analysis
  • used in nutrition labelling
  • eg. RDI claims on breakfast cereals

32
  • Sanitarium Fruity Bix
  • Serving size 40g (approx. 10 biscuits).
  • per serve per 100g
  • Energy (kJ) 580 1420
  • Protein (g) 3.5 8.8
  • Fat (g) 0.6 1.4
  • Carbohydrate
  • total (g) 29 72
  • sugars (g) 7.4 18.6
  • Thiamin (mg) 0.55 (50) 1.37
  • Riboflavin (mg) 0.42 (25) 1.05
  • Niacin (mg) 2.5 (25) 6.2
  • Iron (mg) 3.0 (25) 7.5
  • RDI (Australia)

33
  • RDIs for use in Australia (Web link)
  • Recommended Dietary Intakes for Australians
  • Useful for dietary analysis practical report

34
Recommended Reading
  • Whitney Rolfes
  • Understanding Nutrition, 10th Ed. 2005
  • Chapter 1. Nutrition Assessment (section)
  • Chapter 2 Planning a Healthy Diet (whole
    chapter)
  • Walqvist (Editor)
  • Food Nutrition, 2nd Ed. 2002
  • Chapter 35. Nutrition Assessment monitoring
    (whole chapter)
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