Earth Observing, etc'

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Earth Observing, etc.

• Wayne Solomon
• August 2009

2
A very nice launcher

• The standard type H-IIA (2001) is length of 52.5
  m, diameter of 4 m, and mass of 285 ton without
  spacecraft mass. It consists of the first and
  second stages, fairing, and Solid Rocket
  Booster-A (SRB-A), and is the heavy lift
  large-scale launch vehicle equipped with
  propellant systems using liquid hydrogen / oxygen

3
JAXA, 2009

• Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. and the Japan
  Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched the
  Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite "IBUKI"
  (GOSAT) aboard the H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 15

4
IBUKI Launch to look at CO2..

• 2009 Launch VehicleH-IIA Launch Vehicle
• CenterShapeBox shape with a solar array paddle,
  Fourier Transform Spectrometer, Cloud and Aerosol
  Imager, and X-band AntennaSun-Synchronous
  Sub-RecurrentAltitude Approx. 667km

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KIZUNA, 2009

• The "KIZUNA" is a communications satellite at GTO
  that enables super high-speed data communications
  of up to 1.2 Gbps

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Test Satellite (TSUBASA) to shorten the
development period for high-quality satellites
and HII launcher too!

• Mission demonstration test satellites obtain
  basic space radiation environmental data and
  allow scientists to test the functioning of
  various devices on actual satellites before those
  devices are deployed in higher-risk and more
  challenging missions

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Kiku,2008

• Kiku No. 8" shifted to regular operationThe
  "Kiku No. 8," which was injected into its
  scheduled Geostationary orbit (at an east
  longitude of 146 degrees).
• High Speed communications engineering
  experimental satellite
• Very large deployable reflectors, by Harris Corp.
  (20 meters?)

8
Daichi, 2006

• The DAICHI has been utilized on many occasions
  such as mapping and observation of sea ice and
  forests in addition to emergency observations
  during disasters.

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Midori II, 2002

• The Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II "Midori
  II"(ADEOS-II), the successor of a launched in
  1996, was launched by the H-IIA launch vehicle in
  December 14, 2002.
• Midori II has been engaged in various observation
  missions to understand the realities and causes
  of global environmental changes, such as abnormal
  weather conditions and the expansion of the ozone
  hole.

10
Landsat Series

• Since 1972, Landsat satellites have collected
  information about Earth from space. This science,
  known as remote sensing, has matured with the
  Landsat Program.

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Landsat 7,

• launched on April 15, 1999, is the latest
  satellite of the Landsat program. a positionally
  accurate orthorectified Landsat Thematic Mapper
  and Multispectral Scanner imagery covering the
  majority of the Earth's land mass

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EO-1, new tech. tail chaser

• Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) is the first satellite
  in NASA's New Millennium Program. The EO-1
  mission has Earth land observations with unique
  spatial, spectral and temporal characteristics
  not previously available.
• EO-1 was launched 2000. Delta launch vehicleTotal
  Spacecraft Mass 529 Kg
• It was inserted into a 705 km circular,
  sun-synchronous orbit flying in formation 1
  minute behind Landsat so that scene comparisons
  between the two satellites can be made.

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EOS-1, Terra Atmospheric Studies

• First of a Series of earth vehicles S/C from NASA
  Goddard, 1998

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EOS-1, design particulars

• Guidance, Navigation, Control (GNC)
• Three-axis stablized for inertial and nadir
  pointing, Pointing accuracy of 0.03
• Autonomous Star Tracker provides 3-axis attitude
  knowledge
• GPS receiver for onboard navigation and timing
  (GSFC)
• Propulsion (Primex Aerospace)
• Canted Hydrazine 1 N thruster system for
  correction of insertion errors, orbit
  maintenance, formation flying, and de-orbit
• Data Storage and Com
• Stores 40 Gbits science data with Wideband
  Advanced Recorder Processor (GSFC)
• Power System
• 3 panels of silicon cells producing 600 W EOL
  power (300 W orbit average). Single axis
  articulating (TECSTAR, Inc.)
• 50 A-hr super Ni-Cd battery

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EOS-1, design particulars

• Primary Payload Interface The main instrument is
  mounted to and aligned to an interface plate
  bolted to the spacecraft, Average experiment
  power 80 watts nominal, Payload Mass 90 Kg

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EOS-1, Instruments and

• Advanced Land Imager (ALI) employs novel
  wide-angle optics and a highly integrated
  multispectral and panchromatic spectrometer.

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EOS-1, Instruments and

• Hyperspectral Imaging Instrument (HSI). The
  Hyperion capabilities provide resolution of
  surface properties into hundreds of spectral
  bands

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EOS-1, Instruments and

• first on-orbit demonstration of a low mass, low
  cost, dependable electromagnetic Pulse Plasma
  Thruster (PPT) propulsion unit for precision
  attitude control.

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Earth at the Turn of the Century

• Posted January 3, 2000

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Imagery, before Google maps..
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Perspective View, Mount Shasta, California

• Posted January 29, 2002This 3-D perspective view
  was generated using topographic data from the
  Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and an
  enhanced color Landsat 5 satellite image.

22
Huge Plate movement

• In southern Iran, the collision between the Asian
  landmass and the Arabian platform has folded
  rocks and pushed up the rugged Zagros Mountains.
  In places, underlying deposits of salt have
  ascended in fluid-like plumes.

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Fires in the land down under

• This unusual image was made from data collected
  on January 26, 2003, by the Advanced Spaceborne
  Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
  (ASTER) instrument on the Terra satellite.

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Global water tempertures

• http//earthobservatory.nasa.gov/GlobalMaps/view.p
  hp?d1MYD28MModerate Resolution Imaging
  Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASAs Aqua
  satellite.

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Lets go skiing

• http//earthobservatory.nasa.gov/GlobalMaps/view.p
  hp?d1MOD10C1_M_SNOW Moderate Resolution Imaging
  Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASAs Terra
  satellite. Snow

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Global warming???

• Decreasing Snowfall in North America

27
Sea-surface Height on the RisePosted January 19,
2000

• Oceans rise!

28
Tsunami anyone?

• ASAs Terra satellite passed overhead, the
  Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR)
  captured this image of deep ocean tsunami waves
  about 30-40 kilometers from Sri Lankas
  southwestern coast.

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Forest Fire, Ouachita National Wildlife Refuge,
LA

• Posted January 16, 2006

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Dust Strorms in Texas

• The same hot, dry, windy conditions that allowed
  grassfires to rage throughout parts of Oklahoma
  and Texas at the end of 2005 kicked up dust at
  the beginning of the new year

31
Ag burning, big time

• In Cambodia, the dry season of the monsoon
  generally spans the months of November through
  April. During that time, people ignite a host of
  agricultural and accidental fires across the
  country.

32
What a little pipsqueak

• Although it might appear that Earth is located
  within Saturns outermost rings, that positioning
  is just an illusion created by the enormous
  distance between Cassini and Earth.

33
Katrina does her thing..

• Acquired in late 2005, this aerial photograph
  shows an area of forest in the Pearl River Basin,
  which extends from central Mississippi to the
  Louisiana border.

34
The big melt

• Relatively few people have seen Antarctica. A
  myth until the early 1800s, the ice-covered
  southern continent is difficult to get to and
  hostile to most life. But now, the MODIS Rapid
  Response System at NASAs Goddard Space Flight
  Center is producing daily photo-like images of
  Antarctica.

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Long term study result

• But a new analysis of satellite and weather
  station data has shown that Antarctica has warmed
  at a rate of about 0.12 degrees Celsius (0.22
  degrees F) per decade since 1957, for a total
  average temperature rise of 0.5 degrees Celsius
  (1 degree F).

36
Ice Clouds..

• The first satellite designed to study noctilucent
  clouds, NASAs Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere
  (AIM) mission released the first view of these
  clouds over the entire Northern Hemisphere in
  2007, at a resolution of approximately 5
  kilometers (3 miles). This image, acquired on
  June 11, 2007, shows some of the first data AIM
  collected about these clouds.