Interfering Loads

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Interfering Loads
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Himalayan FTB, Ganges Basin, Bay of Bengal
Bilham et al., 2003
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GRACE geoid
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Geomorphology of Foreland Basins
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Tibetan Plateau
Indus-Yarlung suture zone
Himalayan thrust belt
Gangetic foreland
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Gandak
Kosi
Tista
Brahmaputra
Ganges axial trunk river
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Himalayan FTB, Ganges Basin, Bay of Bengal
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Karnali River, western Nepal
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STREAM- DOMINATED ALLUVIAL FAN, WESTERN NEPAL
MFT
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STREAM-DOMINATED ALLUVIAL FAN, NEPAL
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Thrust Belts Foreland Basins in the Americas
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Fluvial megafans in the central Andean foreland
basin
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Modern Central Andean Foreland Basin
Pantanal swamp
Parapetí megafan
100 km
Pilcomayo megafan
Paraná River
Bermejo megafan
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Fluvial megafans, Bolivia Argentina
Pilcomayo
Bermejo
100 km
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Modern Central Andean Foreland Basin
Foredeep
Forebulge
Pantanal swamp
Back-bulge
Parapetí megafan
Poorly drained
100 km
DUNES
Pilcomayo megafan
Paraná River
Bermejo megafan
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Aalto et al., Nature, 2003
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C. Chase, 2008
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Rio Paraná, Argentina
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Rio Paraná, Argentina
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General Characteristics of Foreland Basins

• Largest nonmarine (alluvial, fluvial, lacustrine)
  basins on Earth
• Also contain vast quantities of deltaic and
  shallow marine rocks
• Strongly asymmetric in geometry and regional
  hydrology
• Dynamically coupled to thrust belts and
  contractional orogenic belts
• Contain records of surface processes and
  paleoclimate that span 10-100 Myr

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Tertiary Foreland Basin System, Nepal
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Capping forebulge Oxisol, forms a stratigraphic
trap
Himalayan Foreland Basin System
Eocene organic-rich black shale, deposited in
back-bulge depozone
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Top-Bhainskati Fm. Oxisol
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Siwalik Foredeep Facies
Channel deposits
Paleosol
Splay
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Middle Siwaliks
Upper Siwaliks
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DUMRI
AMILE
MID-SIWALIKS
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Dickinsons provenance fields
Q

• Continental block
• Magmatic arc
• Recycled orogen

RO
CB
MA
F
L
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Miocene GH source
U-Pb ages of detrital Zircons in Late
CretaceousMiocene sedimentary rocks of Nepal
Eocene Tethyan source
Cretaceous-Paleocene Indian craton source
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Foreland basin deposits Nd Isotopic Data
MCT slip?
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