GLOBAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH TRENDS: Future Sustainable Livelihood

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GLOBAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH TRENDS Future
Sustainable Livelihood

• Leading RD Innovation fields in the 21st
  Century
• ? Agricultural Technologies Industries
• (i.e., Seed Research Development)
• ? Science of Climate Change Adaptation
• ? Life Health Sciences
• ? Earth System Science ( resources, e.g., water
  minerals)
• ? Energy Resources
• (i.e., Renewable Energies Coal)
• ? Space Science Technologies
• ? Information and Communication Technologies
• ???? Biotechnologies Nanotechnologies
• (e.g., Food Nutrition, Health and Energy)

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Benefits Challenges Climate Change
Adaptation

• GHGs changing due to Human Activities
• ?since pre-Industrial Era ( 1750)
• CO2 by 30
• CH4 by over 100
• N2O by 15
• concentrations are higher now than any time
  during the last 420,000 yrs

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Benefits Challenges Climate Change
Adaptation

• Global Warming its consequences
• ? Atmospheric temperature changes
• ? Rainfall Patterns (Floods Droughts)
• ? Atmospheric Pollution
• ? Water Resources
• ? Water Pollution and Sanitation
• ? Ocean Basins and Coastlines
• (i.e., sea-level changes ocean
  acidification)
• ? Land Degradation
• ? Biodiversity Loss
• ? Health problems, e.g. infectious diseases
• ? Resilience for Renewable Energies
• ? Resilience for Food Systems

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Benefits Challenges CLIMATE CHANGE
ADAPTATION

• DRASTIC GLOBAL TEMPERATURE CHANGES
• ? ca. 250 Ma ago Mass Extinction (85 of all
  organisms)
• ?? Glaciation of the Gondwanaland
• ? ca 65 Ma Extinction of the Dinosaurs
• ??Temperatures Changes? Asteroids Comets
  (Near-Earth Objects)?
• ? 20-30 of Plant and Animal species have an
  increased risk of extinction with projected
  Global Average Temperatures exceeding 1.5 2.5C
  
• ??(Earth System Science Education Research)
• Multi-Inter-Disciplinary Approach

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Environment ENERGY Alternative Energy Resources
for the Global Society

• Classical/Primary sources
• ? Oil ? Natural Gas
• ? Coal ? Nuclear
• ? Hydro-power
• Other major sources
• ? Solar ? Wind ? Geothermal
• ? Bio-Energies ? Rotting Garbage
  GasgtElectricity
• ? Ocean (a) waves/tides
• (b) hydrocarbons on the
  sea-bed
• ? Hydrogen

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Environment CLEAN ENERGY FROM GARBAGE

• Each Year the WORLD produces more than
• 1.6 billion tons of waste
• ? Increased Research Development on
• ? this type of Renewable Clean Energy The
  Extraction of GAS from Rotting Garbage to be
  converted into ELECTRICITY

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Environment WATER Clean Safe Drinking Water
for All

• ?About 40 of the African population has NO
  access to safe and clean drinking WATER
• ?About 50 of the African population lives in
  POOR SANITATION conditions
• ??Life Expectance at Birth ca.45 years