The Thirteen English Colonies

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The Thirteen English Colonies

• New England Colonies
• Middle Colonies
• Southern Colonies

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Why colonize the New World?

• Opportunities to make a living
• Religious freedom
• Avoid tyranny
• Climate favorable to Englishmen

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How will the colonies be financed (paid for) and
organized?

• Joint stock company formed by a group of
  wealthy businessmen who apply to the King for a
  charter to settle a colony. (Jamestown,
  Massachusetts Bay)
• Proprietary colony The king gives land to a
  loyal subject or friend to start a colony
  (Pennsylvania, North Carolina)
• Royal colony the king appoints a governor who
  controls the colony for him. (all colonies would
  become royal colonies by the start of the
  revolution)

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New England Colonies

• Massachusetts (1620)
• Rhode Island (1636)
• Connecticut (1636)
• New Hampshire (1638)

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New England Colonies
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New England

• The New England colonies based their economy
  mostly on trade and shipping. It was also
  supported by fishing, lumber, manufacturing, and
  some agriculture.

• The New England area was covered with forest, the
  soil was thin and rocky. The area has long, cold
  winters and short growing seasons.

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The Middle Colonies

• New York (1626)
• Delaware (1638)
• New Jersey (1664)
• Pennsylvania (1682)

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Middle Colonies
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Middle Colonies

• The economy of the Middle Colonies was a mixture
  of agriculture and commerce they were the
  middle man between the Southern and New England
  colonies. They became known as the Bread Basket
  colonies

• The Middle Colonies has fertile soil, temperate
  climate with longer growing seasons
• Results-some large estates large family farms
  with indentured servants, little slavery except
  in Delawares tobacco plantations.

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Southern Colonies

• Virginia (Jamestown 1607)
• Maryland (1633)
• North Carolina (1653)
• South Carolina (1663)
• Georgia (1732)

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Southern Colonies
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Southern Colonies

• The Southern Colonies economy was based on the
  sale of crops to the other colonies and England.

• Fertile soil mild winters with long growing
  season lots of waterways for transportation
• Most farms were small and worked by families
  plantations with hundreds of slaves

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Triangular Trade

• The colonies engaged in a trading system called
  triangular trade.

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The Middle Passage

• A particularly harsh part of the slaves
  experience, the middle passage was the voyage
  across the Atlantic Ocean on a slave ship. This
  led to African Diaspora.

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Backcountry

• This area was full of dense forests and rushing
  streams near the Appalachian Mountains. It began
  at the fall line
• The climate and resources varied in this area.
  Many Scots-Irish immigrants settled here.
• People in this area learned to depend on
  themselves, because they were far from the
  Atlantic Coastline.
• Clans usually settled in the area for protections.

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Political life in colonial North America

• Political life in the colonies was based on
  self-government in England (Parliament)
• Town meetings, where people met to discuss and
  vote on local matters, were an important part of
  the democratic process (direct democracy).
• The colonial governor was usually appointed by
  the king.