Dialogue on

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Dialogue on Energy and Poverty
Organised by UNDP-Bangladesh
Quamrul Islam Siddique, P Eng.
12 June 2007
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Electricity Consumption by various countries in
south Asia

• Bangladesh has one of the lowest per
  capita
• electricity use 160 kwh, whereas
• gt Pakistan 510 kwh
• gt India 580 kwh
• gt SriLanka 350 Kwh
• gt Nepal 80 Kwh
• gt Bhutan 400 kwh
• gt Thailand 1600kwh
• gt Malaysia 3200 Kwh
• gt Developed countries 5000 Kwh
• Bangladeshs poverty reduction strategy
  seeks to extend
• electricity coverage to all by 2020

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Available Energy Resources in South Asia
Regional Energy Security For South Asia Regional
Report, Energy For South Asia, SARI/Energy
Program. (mt - million tons bcm - billion cubic
metres mtoe - million tons oil equivalent MW -
mega watt (thousand kW)
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Global electricity generation in 2003

• 18 electricity generated from renewables

Source http//www.bp.com
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Bangladesh
Source http//www.bpdb.gov.bd
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• Installed Capacity 5245 MW
• Present Generation 4200 MW
• (Public Sector 66 IPP 33 ) (1440 MW)

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Bangladesh
Installed capacity 4995 MW Generation
capacity 4200 MW Peak demand served
3782.1 MW
Source http//www.bpdb.gov.bd
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Natural Gas

• Proved (1P) reserve of Gas 9.2 tcf
• will last till 2011 out of which 6.8 tcf has
  already been extracted.
• Proved and Probable (2P) reserve 14.4 tcf will
  last till 2015
• Proved probable Possible (3P) reserve 22.2 tcf
  will last 2019
• The country needs further 24 tcf till 2025.
• For additional gas reserve we have to go for
  offshore exploration
• More CNG filling stations and getting up mother
  and daughter stations.

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Gas Utilisation
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COAL

• Use of Coal
• Coal gasification (Coal bed methane) for deeper
  strata
• Coal briquettes for domestic and industrial use.
• Coal to oil

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Coal based Power Generation
Bangladesh imports 3 million tons high sulpher
coal annually from Indoa

• Mining Method Underground Open Pit
• India 81 Coal extracted from open pit mines

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Renewable Energy

• a) Hydropower
• Kaptai Hydropower -- 240 MW
• 2 x 50 MW -- 100 MW ( new
  addition)
• Sangu Matamuhuri 360 MW
• Total 700 MW
• b) Solar -- 150,000 SHS ( by IDCOL LGED/UNDP
  others) gives - 5 MW
• c) Biogas plants ( from cowdung Poultry wastes)
  over 3000 nos ( for cooking and lighting
  purpose and manure)
• c) Wind - 4 x 225 Kw --- 900 Kw at Muhuri dam
• d) Bio Fuel ( Jatrofa, Venna)
• e) Waste to energy from municipal wastes Manure

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Biofuel
Possible areas of the Jatropha cultivation in
Bangladesh

• Highland including hilly areas covers altogether
  about 4.2 million hectares are suitable for
  Jatropha cultivation.
• Char land
• Road sides
• Railway sides
• River bank
• Forest areas

Source Benchmark soil of Bangladesh Morphology,
characteristics and classification for research
management GIS Laboratory publication No.4. First
published in June,2005
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Railway route 2,854.96km
Rural road 70,000 km
http//www.railway.gov.bd/gallery.html
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• No institution to develop and monitor renewable
  energy.
• However UNDP has requested the Government of
  Bangladesh to establish Sustainable Energy
  development Agency (SEDA).

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Energy Conservation

• Energy Saving lamps
• Installation of Intelligent Motor Controller with
  induction motors
• Demand side load management
• Establishment of Bureau of Energy Efficiency

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• Highlights of National Energy Policy
• National Energy Policy 1995, adopting private
  sector power generation and unbundling BPDB from
  single entity to PGCB, DESA, EGCB and WZPDCO.
• Despite 32 population has access to the
  National grid, The Government of Bangladesh has
  a noble vision to provide electricity for all by
  the year 2020
• Target of meeting 5 of total electricity
  demand from RE by 2010 and 10 by the year 2020
• For the last three decades attempts have been
  made by GOs, NGOs, and Development partners to
  promote modern RE technologies.
• Modern Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) are
  in the research, development and demonstration
  phase

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Constraints

• Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission Act 2003
• has not been effective to establish a level
  playing field for all stakeholders in public and
  private sector
• A transparent pricing framework for gas and
  electricity has not yet been established
• BPDB has been compelled to buy power from IPPs at
  higher rate ( Tk. 3.5 4.00 including
  transmission costs) and selling bulk at reduced
  price to REB and DESA ( Tk. 2.4-2.6) thus
  incurring huge financial loss.
• No multiple buyer model developed for power
  purchase
• Investment in gas and coal exploration severely
  inadequate
• Offshore bidding for gas exploration starred for
  long time.
• Public Sector inefficiency and lack of training
  pervades in oil, gas and power sectors.

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Cont..

• 33 of the population have access to electricity.
• Access in rural areas less 22
• Poor quality of service delivery ( frequent load
  shedding, voltage fluctuation).
• Poor service due to poor performance of BPDB, REB
  and DESA.
• Poor funding on maintenance and expansion
  particularly in generation and capacity building
  of the public sector organisations.

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WAY FORWARD

• To reduce imbalance in power and energy
  development between eastern and western region by
  expanding
• Gas network to western zone to accelerate
  industrialization.
• To explore coal in the western zone for power
  generation, production of coal briquettes and
  coal to oil.
• Setting up large coal based power plants in the
  western zone at mine mouth.

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• Contd..
• Setting up large baseload power plant in
  Bheramara, Khulna and Sirajganj in west zone and
  in Chandpur, Sylhet, Meghnaghat, Haripur and
  Siddhirganj in the eastern zone.
• Install additional 2 x 50 MW hydropower unit in
  Kaptai
• Expand gas and power grids to match with
  increased gas production and power generation.
• Improve existing gas fields for optimised
  production
• Go for immediate offshore gas exploration within
  our maritime boundary.
• Expand distribution network for gas and
  electricity and optimise billing and collection.
• Establish sustainable Energy Development Agency
  (SEDA) to promote renewable energy
• Expand SHS coverage in the off grid areas, set up
  RAPPs and expand CNG Network throughout the
  country by setting up mother and daughter
  stations.

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Contd..

• Establish Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) to
  ensure energy conservation and energy auditing.
• Turn Petrobangla and BPDB as holding companies
  with all the subsidiary companies under them.
• Strengthen Bureau of Minerals Development (BMD)
  and Department Environment for efficient
  extraction of coal and ensure proper environment
  protection.
• Develop manpower through extensive training and
  practical orientation in power and energy sector.

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Contd..

• Attract private sector and FDIs in gas, coal,
  hydro and power generation.
• Increase investment on R D in energy and power
  sector.
• Rationalise pricing of gas and electricity.
• Strengthen Bangladesh Energy Regulatory
  Commission and make it effective.