CommunityBased Measurement and Monitoring of Poverty The Philippine CBMS Experience CommunityBased M

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Community-Based Measurement and Monitoring of
PovertyThe Philippine CBMS Experience(Community-
Based Monitoring System)

• Celia M. Reyes
• Senior Research Fellow, PIDS
• Network Leader, CBMS International Network

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Critical questions in poverty reduction

• What are the nature and extent of poverty?
• Who are the poor?
• Where are the poor?
• Why are they poor?

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Outline of Presentation

• State of Poverty Monitoring and Targeting Schemes
  in the Philippines
• CBMS Rationale and Key Features
• Uses of CBMS
• Ways Forward

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State of Poverty Monitoring Targeting

• Available statistics from official sources are
• Very aggregated
• Too infrequent
• Has long lags

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State of Poverty Monitoring Targeting

• Recently, there has been an increasing demand
  from policy makers and planners for a more
  disaggregated set of poverty statistics so that
  poverty reduction programs could be appropriately
  designed and effectively targeted to the areas in
  most need.
• The Small Area Estimation of the National
  Statistical Coordination Board and the Quarterly
  Surveys on Hunger Poverty of the Social Weather
  Stations (SWS) give us an indication of where
  these areas are around the country.

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State of Poverty Monitoring Targeting

• The data generated by these methods can, at best,
  be useful for broad geographic targeting only.
• However, disparities in terms of economic and
  social well-being exist across poor and
  non-poor regions/provinces/ municipalities
  giving rise to the following issues on targeting
  efficiency
• Are we reaching the poorest of the poor (is there
  a problem of under-coverage?)
• Are any benefits leaking to non-poor or
  non-eligible persons or households (is there a
  leakage problem?)

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Why do we need CBMS?

• Lack of necessary disaggregated data for
• Diagnosing extent of poverty at the local level
• Determining the causes of poverty
• Formulating appropriate policies and program
• Identifying eligible beneficiaries
• Assessing impact of policies and programs
• Need for support mechanisms for the
  implementation of the decentralization policy

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Decentralization creates new information demands

that may be best satisfied with CBMS
CBMS can fill the gap
Administrative Structure
Information Availability
National

National surveys
Provincial

Municipal/City
CBMS
Village/Barangay
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What is CBMS?

• A local poverty monitoring system
• An organized way of collecting information at the
  local level for use of local government units,
  national government agencies, non-government
  organizations, and civil society for planning,
  program implementation and monitoring.
• A tool intended for improved governance and
  greater transparency and accountability in
  resource allocation.

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What are the key features of CBMS?

• Census of households
• Engages both the local governments and the
  community, including the poor
• Taps existing local government /
  community-personnel as monitors
• Has a core set of indicators that monitors the
  different dimensions of poverty system is
  flexible enough to accommodate additional
  indicators
• Establishes databanks at each geopolitical level
• Generates poverty maps

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CBMS Indicators of Poverty
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General Activities in CBMS
Step 3 Data Encoding and Map Digitizing (Trainin
g Module 2)
Step 2 Data Collection and Field
Editing (Training Module 1)
Step 1 Advocacy / Organization
Step 8 Dissemination/ Implementation and Monitorin
g
Step 4 Processing and Mapping (Training Module 3)
Step 5 Data validation and Community
Consultation
Step 7 Plan Formulation (Training Module 4)
Step 6 Knowledge (Database) Management
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Malnourished Children 0-5 years old, by regions
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Proportion of children aged 0-5 years old who are
malnourished, by municipality Province of
Marinduque, 2005
Source CBMS Survey 2005
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Proportion of children aged 0-5 years old who are
malnourished, by barangay Province of
Marinduque, 2005
Source CBMS Survey 2005
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Proportion of children aged 0-5 years old who are
malnourished, by purok and location of
households Municipality of Torrijos, Marinduque,
2005
Source CBMS Survey 2005
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Uses of CBMS

• Builds the capacity of the local governments and
  community members to participate in the
  development planning and monitoring process
• Builds and enriches databases of local
  governments
• Enhances the preparation of socioeconomic
  profiles, development and investment plans
• Aids in diagnosing poverty at the local level.
• Aids in formulating appropriate interventions
• Helps in identifying eligible beneficiaries
• Facilitates the monitoring of impact of projects
  and programs

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CBMS aids in diagnosing poverty
at the local level

• CBMS provides disaggregated information which
  gives a detailed picture on the needs of the
  communities through the household and village
  surveys as well as corresponding explanations for
  such deficiencies as gathered during validation
  forums.
• Here, local officials are able to assess the
  causes and extent of poverty in their community.

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CBMS builds the capacity of the members of the
community to participate in the development
planning and monitoring process

• Community leaders and volunteers are trained in
  the various aspects of the CBMS process, i.e.,
  collect, process, validate, analyze and use of
  data

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CBMS aids resource allocation

• It serves as a basis for allocating resources by
  facilitating prioritization of social services
  and other programs.

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Proportion of households with access to safe
water supply Municipality of Sta. Elena,
Camarines Norte, 2003
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Proportion of households with access to safe
water supply By Purok, Brgy Poblacion, Sta.
Elena, Camarines Norte, 2003
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Proportion of households with access to safe
water supply By Purok, Brgy Poblacion, Sta.
Elena, Camarines Norte, 2003
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Proportion of households with access to safe
water supply By Purok, Brgy Poblacion, Sta.
Elena, Camarines Norte, 2003
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CBMS helps in identifying eligible beneficiaries

• CBMS can facilitate targeting by providing
  information on who are the eligible beneficiaries
  for specific programs.
• Sector-specific indicators can be used to
  identify who should receive the intervention.
• Composite indicators can be used to rank the
  poorest households in the village or
  municipality.

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Targeting Philhealth Beneficiaries

• Executive Order 276 (January 2004) directs the
  Philhealth to
• Assist in the identification of indigent families
  and to target the enrollment of a total of the
  five (5) million indigent families nationwide
• Issue Philhealth Identification Cards to duly
  qualified beneficiaries.

Targeting Efficiency ?To what extent can we
reach the poor (is there a problem of
undercoverage)? ? Are any benefits leaking to
non-poor or non-eligible persons or households
(is there a leakage problem)?
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Access to Philhealth Program of Income-Poor
HouseholdsZone 19, Pasay City
Source CBMS Survey 2005, City of Pasay
(Preliminary results)
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Proportion of Income-Poor Households with Access
to Philhealth ProgramZone 19, Pasay City
178 14.1
182 18.7
181 33.7
186 32.5
179 9.6
180 18.8
184 28.3
185 10.6
CBMS Survey 2005
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Access to Tindahan Natin Outlets

• The objective of the Tindahan Natin project is to
  provide consumers from depressed communities with
  access to relatively low-priced rice and other
  grocery items.
• There are now a total of 1,055 outlets nationwide
  that sell NFA rice at P18 per kilogram and
  noodles at P4.25 per pack.
• Targeted number of outlets nationwide is 2,293.

• CBMS data can help in facilitating the
  identification of priority areas where TN outlets
  and other hunger mitigation programs such as
  Barangay Food Terminal and Programang Gulayan ng
  Masa should be launched/opened.

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Proportion of Households who have
Experienced Food Shortage by Municipality Agusan
del Sur, 2005
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Proportion of households who have Experienced
Food Shortage by Barangay Municipality of
Esperanza, Agusan del Sur, 2005
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Number and Proportion of Households who
Experienced Food Shortage Municipality of
Esperanza, Province of Agusan del Sur, 2005
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Households who have Experienced Food Shortage,
by Purok and Household Location Brgy. Agsabu,
Esperanza, Agusan del Sur, 2005
Balubo
Maasin
Purok 2 13.0
Purok 4 0.0
Purok 3 33.3
Purok 5 0.0
Purok 1 16.7
Salug
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Households who have Experienced Food Shortage
and have Income Below Poverty Threshold by
Purok and Household Location Brgy. Agsabu,
Esperanza, Agusan del Sur, 2005
Purok 2 13.0--87.0
Purok 4 0.0--85.7
Purok 3 33.3--91.7
Purok 5 0.0--100.0
Purok 1 16.7--94.4
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List of Income Poor Households who have
Experienced Food Shortage Brgy. Agsabu,
Esperanza, Agusan del Sur, 2005
Confidential
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CBMS data can be used as basis for impact
monitoring of projects and programs
Proportion of households with access to sanitary
toilet facilities, Brgy. Sta. Cruz, Labo,
Camarines Norte, Philippines, 2003
Before Intervention
After Intervention
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Ways Forward
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Coverage of CBMS Implementation in the
Philippines as of October 1, 2007

• 36 provinces, 16 of which are province-wide,
• 372 municipalities
• 27 cities
• covering 9,646 barangays

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Ways Forward

• Scaling up CBMS implementation
• Building the national repository to become the
  databank for targeted programs
• Developing CBMS-based budgeting module

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Thank You!PEP-CBMS Network Coordinating
TeamAngelo King Institute for Economic and
Business StudiesRoom I-1016 10th Flr. Angelo
King International CenterEstrada Cor. Arellano
Ave., Malate, Manila, PhilippinesE-mail
reyesc_at_dls-csb.edu.pheb-site www.pep-net.orgTel
(632) 5262067 (632) 5245333Fax
(632)5262067