Chulli Water Purifier

1
Chulli Water Purifier

• Professor M. Fakhrul Islam
• Dept. of Applied Chemistry Chemical Technology
  , Rajshahi University
• Bangladesh

2

• Back Information
• Arsenic contaminated tube wells Almost 25 of
  the total installed.
• Almost lower half of the country arsenic
  affected.
• No. of people at risk 30 million or more.
• People have already developed arsenicosis
  symptoms drinking the arsenic tainted water

3

• Suggested Mitigation Options
• Surface water use.
• Rain water storage in concrete tanks.
• Pond , river water and large water bodies use
  of sand filtration.
• Dug well.
• These are all in effect rainwater use , but may
  be variously
• contaminated by suspended particles dissolved
  impurities and
• bacteria
• B. Deep aquifer water use Deep tube well based
  piped water system
• Arsenic filters
• Each has its merits and demerits from different
  considerations
• discussed as pointed out by many. Not used widely
  .

4

• Other Possible Systems
• Bacteria filters for surface water.
• Thermal treatment of surface water after
  filtration.
• Sunlight and UV radiation treatment of surface
  water.
• Chemical treatment of surface water
  (chlorination etc)
• These are physico chemical and chemical
  processes, excepting the thermal treatment i.e
  boiling of water, none are practiced in villages
  for different reasons
• Boiling Surface water produce very safe bacteria
  free water but high cost due to high fuel cost

5

• Cooking - Energy Sources in Bangladesh
• Village wood and dried plant materials cow
  dung.
• Small towns Mostly wood but some gas.
• Big towns Cities in Eastern part gas but in
  Western
• part no gas, use bottled gas or wood.
• Gas reserve To last for another 5-6 years only
  if no
• big reserve discovered now.
• Coal may be used in future in towns and villages
• Energy position is bleak and may be same in
  villages and even for towns in the future. Cost
  increase and availability to decrease with time
  .
• Boiling of extra water for producing safe
  drinking water will decrease forest area and also
  gas reserve very fast.

6

• THE CHULLI CONCEPT
• Bangladesh mud chulli used every where
• Chulli wastes enormous heat energy (gt80 ,BCSIR)
• Villagers cook 2-3 times daily
• Waste heat use will save much energy and
  ultimately environment .
• Chulli temperature high inside
• Alternative to Boiling
• Water passed through a small dia. coiled pipe
  inside
• chulli heated to 70 or more very quickly,
  Bacteria killed
• very fast

7

• Suggested Mechanism of pasteurization
• by heat treatment in coiled pipe
• Very high turbulence due to heat and flow.
• Many repeated contact of bacteria with hot
  surface (Brownian movement and turbulence).
• Rapid heat transfer for large surface area
  compared to boiling in pot.
• The following slides show the principal aspects
  of
• chulli water purifier

8
Chulli Water PurifierDiagrammatic
9
A Practical Chulli Water Purifier
10
Water Flow in Hot Pipe
11
Chulli Water Purifier Data
Tota
12
Bacteria Test Data
Total
coliform counts /100 ml in water  
Run Initial in Pond water
after pass through chulla 1
1750
0 2
2500
0 3
560000
0  
N.B Analysis for other chemical water
parameters not done, but assumed to be within
safe limits as generally found.
13
Field Test

• Till now almost 3000 chulli water purifier units
  installed in gt11 upozillas of different districts
  affected with arsenic in tube wells with
  assistance from UNICEF by a local NGO .
• Field test data match the experimental chulli
  purifier data .
• Very highly bacteria contaminated water can be
  treated.
• Almost all types of water from pond ,river and
  baor can be made bacteria free.
• Clean water obtained.
• Social acceptability varies place to place

14
Conclusion

• Water pasteurization at no extra fuel cost.
• Extremely easy to set and operate.
• Large amount of bacteria free safe water produced
  by a single chulli for 2-3 families.
• Very low cost (Tk 450 for the whole unit).
• All components locally available.
• Principle applicable to other large waste heat
  generators such as rice mills ,brick kilns after
  thorough technical research for volume production
  of water from surface waters in the arsenic
  affected and non affected areas.

15
THANK YOU