Operational Research Observatories: Opportunities

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Operational Research Observatories Opportunities
Challenges in the Coming Year
Rutgers Oscar Schofield, Scott Glenn, Robert
Chant, Josh Kohut, Herve Barrier, Jen Boesch,
Elizabeth Creed, John Kerfoot, Chaya Mugdal, Hugh
Roarty, Webb Research Clayton Jones, Doug Webb
WetLabs Mike Twardowski Mote Marine Gary
Kirkpatrick CODAR Don Barrick WetSat Scott
McLean SeaSpace Buzz Berstien, Mike Crowley
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RESEARCH OBSERVATORIES
OPERATIONAL OBSERVATORIES
These systems provide great opportunities for the
community and a seamless marriage of the two is
absolutely required to achieve the potential of
integrated system.
http//www.geo-prose.com/projects/orion_report.htm
l Public comments, please!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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We have been growing our observatory since 1994.
As funding has been 100 research grants we
have been required to evolve technologies, user
communities, and the science goals.
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The problem If I were to choose a single phrase
to characterize the first century of modern
oceanography, it would be a century of
under-sampling. Walter Munk Why?
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The problem If I were to choose a single phrase
to characterize the first century of modern
oceanography, it would be a century of
under-sampling. Walter Munk
What is the relative importance of secular versus
low frequency cyclical processes?
-MAB waters warmer and less saline in the 1990s
then in the 70s 80s
Mountain JGR 1998 Nor. E. Fish. Sci. Ctr.
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The problem If I were to choose a single phrase
to characterize the first century of modern
oceanography, it would be a century of
under-sampling. Walter Munk
How are human activities affected by the oceans,
and do human activities underlie many of the
observed changes in the ocean? What are the
effects of the oceans, and the potential
feedbacks from our activities, on humankind?
Dissolved gaseous (elemental) mercury (Hg) in
the Hudson River buoyant plume
John Reinfelder, Rutgers University
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Strategy for coastal ocean observatories -sustaine
d spatial time series w/ Endurance
arrays -intensive process studies w/ Pioneer
arrays
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We have conducted two such pilot
studies Sustained Spatial Time series
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We have conducted two such pilot
studies Spatially intensive process studies
1998-2001 Coastal upwelling hypoxia/anoxia 30 x
30 km, coupled observation/models, adaptive
sampling
2003-2008 LATTE Buoyant plumes and
material Transport and transformation out onto
the continental shelf
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Ship-to-Shore Communications

• AirNet Communications Wireless Broadband (1.5
  Mbps, coverage 7 miles offshore from Sandy Hook)
• Verizon National Access (100 kbps, coverage up
  to 20 miles off Long Island, less for New
  Jersey)
• Freewave Radio Modems (80 kbps, coverage for a
  18 mile radius centered at Sea Bright Fire
  Department)
• Verizon Quick2Net (14.4 kbps, coverage up to 20
  miles off both New Jersey and Long Island)
• Iridium Satellite (2,400 bps, global coverage,
  data and voice)

I walk into our control room, with its panoply
of views of the sea. There are the updated global
pictures from the remote sensors on satellites,
there the evolving maps of subsurface variables,
there the charts that show the position and
status of all our Slocum scientific platforms,
and I am satisfied that we are looking at the
ocean more intensely and more deeply than anyone
anywhere else. Henry Stommel
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Science focus Biogeochemistry What causes the
spatial extent and intensity of hypoxia in the
bottom water along the New Jersey coast?
From the HyCODE experiments
Outstanding questions
-upwelling every summer collapses into eddys
along ancient river deltas that line the NJ
coast. These eddies are spatially coincident
with low oxygen water. Advective transport of
organic carbon into these eddies are sufficient
to deplete bottom water DO.
-Hypoxia is driven by material that is
transported into the local area. So, where does
the particulate material come from? -Big
upwelling years appear to occur after cold
winters. We hypothesize that this reflects the
spatial extent of the MAB cold pool. Problem is
that little is known about the interannual
spatial extent of the cold pool.
Tidal cycle
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Given this, we need an interannual picture of
the shelf-wide particle budget and the annual
behavior of the MAB Cold pool. So in Oct. 2003
we initiated a MAB glider time series for fun.
1.0
Depth (m)
Absorption at 440 nm (m-1)
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Upwelling
0
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60
30
0
Time (hr)
Schofield et al. 2002 IEEE J. Oce. Eng. Glenn et
al. 2004 JGR
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GLIDERS ARE OPERATIONAL TOOLS
Total Number of Glider Days (out 366 days total)
Flown311 Total Number of Kilometers Flown 6867
Northeast United States
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A YEAR IN THE LIFE OF THE MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT
Jun. 04
Feb. 04
Oct. 03
Mar. 04
Jun. 04
Nov. 03
Nov. 03
Mar. 04
Jun. 04
Jul. 04
Apr. 04
Dec. 03
Aug. 04
Jan. 04
Apr. 04
Sep. 04
Jan. 04
May. 04
May. 04
Feb. 04
Oct. 04
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Chlorophyll a blooms advected off the coast
Days 213-216
Days 205-208
Days 209-212
Days 217-220
- Blooms begin nearshore and they are advected
offshore
- Blooms begin dissipate 60-90 km offhsore

• These episodic blooms account for 28 of the
  annual shelf chl a
• Deposition appears to occur over the MAB cold
  pool

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NJSOS Endurance Line Seasonal Cross-Shelf
Optical Backscatter Transects
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Science focus Land-Ocean How does the dynamics
in the physical oceanography influence the
transport and transformation of the particulate
and dissolved matter in coastal buoyant plumes?
Southern flowing turbid plume
Eastern offshore flowing shallow turbid plume
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Observing the cycles of life
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LaTTE Atmospheric Forecast Cold Frontal Passage
May 3rd, 2004
Downwelling Winds
Upwelling Winds
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Lagrangian Transport and Transformation
Experiment in the Hudson River Plume
Rutgers University Lamont-Doherty Geological
Observatory U. Massachusetts, Boston Florida
Environmental Research Institute California
Polytechnic University U. Florida., Gainsville
Downwelling
Upwelling
Wind Dir.
25 cm/s
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LaTTE Real-Time Observatory Data for Mission
Planning
Upwelling
Downwelling
29-Apr-2004 152444 30-Apr-2004 042730
01-May-2004 215154 02-May-2004 193102
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LaTTE Adaptive Sampling based on Operational
Center Data Products Dye Release and Acoustic
Fish Larval Surveys
04-May-2004 161326 - 10-May-2004 103008 (GMT)
Plume Edge
Seaward of the edge
Shoreward of the edge
Depth (m)
18 m
Sea floor
Time/Distance
-7352
-7350
-7348
-7346
-7344
-7354
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Seasonal Climatologies
Annual mean 2002
Annual mean 2003
Winter mean 2002-2003
Summer mean 2002-2003
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Metric of success -Peer review
papers -Collaborative papers
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Center for Advanced and Sustained
Technologies (COOL-CAST) Director Josh Kohut
The metric for success -Spatial time series data
247 in real-time to scientists, industry, and
society -Evolve the technologies and develop the
yet to exist data products that society
needs -Engage the public in the excitement of
discovery of the oceans and science
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Operational Data Distribution Route Map
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Existing Users
Federal Government Users United States Coast
Guard -LORAN support unit, Coast Guard RD
Center, Atlantic City Air Station, Venice Beach
(FL) Coast Guard Auxiliary United States
Navy - 7th Expeditionary Battle Fleet, Naval
Atlantic Meteorology and Oceanography Center
(NLMOC), Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO),
Naval Research Labs (NRL Stennis, Monterey, DC),
Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUMC)
Department of Defense, Counter Drug Technology
Development Office Department of Homeland
Security NOAA - NOAA Weather Radio, NOAA
Office of Response and Restoration, NOAA HAZMAT,
NOAA National Weather Service, Mount Holly, NOAA
National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Coastal
Programs, Eastern Regional Liaison Office
NOAA/NESDIS/National Coastal Data Development
Center OCEAN.US UCAR Cooperative Program
for Operational Meteorological, Education and
Training (COMET) US Environmental Protection
Agency US Army Corps US Geological Survey
US Naval USERSResearch Lab US National Park
Service National Center for Atmospheric
Research National Buoy Data Center National
Ocean Survey State Government Users New Jersey
State Police Marine Law Enforcement Bureau
NY/NJ Clean Ocean And Shore Trust (COAST)
Fisheries Information and Development Center
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
New Jersey Department of Transportation
New Jersey Clean Air Council New Jersey Board
of Public Utilities County Emergency
Responders Port Authority of NY NJ Port
Community New York State Department of
Environmental Conservation New York City
Department of Environmental Protection Agency
Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries
State Coastal Management Programs Various
Academic/Research Institutions Industry
Users Applied Mathematics Inc. GPU, Inc.
(FirstEnergy Corp.) Guildline Inc. Falmoth
Scientific Inc. Navair Inc. Ocean
Technologies, L.L.C. Horizon Marine, Inc.,
Jennifer Clarks Gulfstream Webb Research
Satlantic Inc. RD Instruments SeaSpace
Inc., Sequoia Instruments Sea-Bird, Bosch
Air Wetlabs Consulting Engineering Firms
Interactive Oceanographics, Inc. Hydro
Inc. Media Users NBC 4 (Metropolitan New York)
NBC 10 (Philadelphia Delaware Valley area)
CBS 3 (Philadelphia) Fox 29 (Philadelphia)
AccuWeather.com (State College, PA) Recreational
Swimmers, Surfers, Divers, Boating, Sailors,
General Public Recreational Fishermen
IWindSurf.com NJScuba.com SailMiami.com
The Jersey Shore Partnership, Inc. The Hudson
River Fishermans Association of NJ
Sailors Kayakers Non-Profit Users Gulf of
Maine Aquarium Island Institute New England
Aquarium Florida Environmental Research
Institute Mote Marine Laboratory Monterrey
Bay Aquarium Research Institute
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Sponsors Participants
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Evolve New Technologies (Satellites)
Water mass classification (Blooms vs Rivers)
Objective Gradient and Frontal Boundaries
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Evolve New Technologies (CODAR)
Standard Range (25 MHz) - range 40km -
resolution 1km Medium-range (13 MHz) -
range 70km - resolution 3km Long-range
(5MHz) - range 200km - resolution 6km
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Evolve New Technologies (Cables)
SEAFLOOR CABLES LEO-15
SUSTAINED PRESENCE TO CAPTURE EVENTS
Hudson River
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Mail box 2 Thinking using its own data
Evolve New Technologies (Gliders)
-Using agent oriented programming make Glider
fleets smart by optimizing on their sampling
based on what data is delivered from the
observatory.
Mail box 3 Thinking using other real-time data
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OUTREACH
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LaTTE Targetted Public Outreach
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Can a scientist be operational? YES and they
should have substantial role in the
operational observatories.
Glenn and Schofield 2003, Oceanography
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Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)
That is Sustained Routinely Provides Data
Information Specified by
Groups that Use, Depend on, Manage or Study
Oceans Coasts
Groups that Use, Depend on, Manage or Study
Oceans Coasts
IOOS
(1) Analysis, Modeling
End To End
(2) Data Management Communications
(3) Observing In Situ Remote Sensing