Inar 328 History of Furniture and Interior Decoration by Assoc' Prof' Dr' Netice Yildiz

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Inar 328 History of Furniture and Interior
Decorationby Assoc. Prof. Dr. Netice Yildiz

• Etruscan Furniture

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• By about 600 BC the Etruscans controlled much of
  central northern Italy. They lived in walled
  cities and grew wealthy form the export of metal
  goods. Between 400 BC and 200 CB, the Etruscan
  cities were conquered by the Romans, who adopted
  many aspects of Etruscan culture. Although little
  material culture remained from the Etruscans,
  their designs are important in the evolution of
  the Roman architecture and art.

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Sarchopagus of Larthia Seianti Etruscan, from
Chiusi, first half of the second century BC.
Florence, Archaeological Museum. Credits Barbara
McManus, 2004
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Etruscan Furniture

• Etruscan furniture oves its origin to Greek
  colonies in Italy.
• We know about their houses through some drawings
  and writings of Vitrivius, Roman architecture
  historian.
• However, until the increase of Corinthian style
  influences, Etruscan furniture until the 7th
  century BC., owed its developments to the
  influences coming from the Middle East rather
  than Greek.
• Potteries and wall paintings from Etruscan tombs
  often show details of everyday life, some of
  which depicts furnitures.

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Etruscan Craftsmen

• Etruscan furniture found in the tombs carved out
  of the rocks.
• They were experts in wood, stone and textiles.
• Fresk paintings suggests that, like the Greeks,
  they existed in an atmosphere of relative comfort
  and luxury.
• Their most original contribution to furniture lay
  in their use of bronze.

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Etruscan bed (in the Vatican Museum, Rome
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Etruscan Bronze protable cauldron cart

• A number of bronze chests in circular forms are
  remarkable. They stand on paw feet and engraved
  with figures.
• A barrel-shaped type of chair was made of sheet
  bronze with the back and arms forming a
  continuous curve that joined a drum-like circular
  base.
• A funerary statue dating from the fifth century
  BC now in Florence, shows an elaborate armchair,
  with carved sphinx supports.
• Large bronze candlestick and lamp stands, dating
  from the seventh to the third century BC have
  tripod bases and shafts with animal figures
  climbing up them.
• A couldron stand of the third century, engineered
  with strips of bronze arranged geometrically is
  another example from the Etrusks.

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• Decorated Bronze Handles, Etruscan.These handles
  depict aspects of Etruscan religion that were
  adopted by the Romans. (right)
• Portaland Vase. (below)

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Etruscan Furniture Couches

• Little is known about them.
• A vase painting depicting a woman sitting on a
  klismos (a chair with a shaped slab at the back
  and curved legs.

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Etruscan Tomb, decorated tomb stones depicting a
long couch.
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Etruscan Buildings

• Houses
• Megaron style
• Primary materials Mud-brick wood.
• Temples
• Colonnaded front portico with gabled pediment.
• Tuscan style Column A simplified Doric column,
  with its base of the Ionic order

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Greek and Etruscan ornament styles
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Etruscan Style

• The 18th cent. AD. There was a widespread
  archaeological activity associated with
  Neoclassicism(e.g. HErculaneum and Pommpeii).
  Many collectors tried to obtain black and red
  vases and admired their elegance, shape,
  decorations. At the same time new potteries and
  procelains were illustrated in the Etruscan style
  by Fracesco Bartoli (1706-30), Compte de Caylus
  (1692-1765) and Bernard de Montfaucon
  (1665-1741). In particular de CAyluss
  REcueildantiquities egyptiénnes, étrusquesi
  romaines et gauloises (Collecitions of Egyptians,
  Etruscan, Greek, Roman and Gaulish Antiquities
  1752067) had an enourmous influence on the
  development of Neoclassicim and on the evolution
  of Egyptian and Greek Revivals, as well as the
  creation of the Etruscan style of interior
  decoration.

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Etruscan Style of 18th cent.

• The 18th ceentury Etruscan style first emerged in
  France in yhe reign of Louis Seize and was used
  by Robert Adam for the Etrruscan Room, ousterly
  Housei Middlesex (1775). By then, what was known
  as the style étrusque owed much to Pompeii and
  Herculaneum, with some Greek influece, the actual
  Etruscan influence was questionable.
• Chracteristics of the Etruscan style
• Use of much red, black annd white
• Griffins, harpies, lions, sphinxes, medalions,
  festoons, bell flowers, tripodsi urns, chimeras
  and very light, delicate details derived form
  Antique sources.

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Etruscan decoration and furniture, revival in
1800s
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• A jewel cabinet in yew, amaranth, g,lt bronze and
  mother of pearl made for Empress Josephine by
  Jacob-Desmalter, French 1809. In Gretesque and
  Etruscan style decoration.

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• A jewel cabinet in mahagony veneered on oak, and
  gilt bronze, made for the Comtesse de Prevence by
  J.H. Riesener and bought by King George IV of
  England after the French Revolution, French c.
  1785. Etruscan style decorations.

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• The Platinum Room of the Casa del Labrador,
  Aranjuez designed by Percier and Fontaine and
  made in France, containing a chandelier also
  designed by Percier and Fontaine, and a chari
• Walls and ceilings are covered with grotesque
  ornament skillfully blended with Etruscan motifs,
  mainly in paint and cast metal the use of mirror
  extends the spaces and adds Pompeiian
  ambuguities. The paintings are by Giredot.

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• A jewel cabinet in mahogany gilt bronze and
  glass, with Sevres porcelain mounts. French
  1824-26.

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Sources Used in This Lecture Presentation

• Blackemore, Robbie (2005). History of Interior
  Design Furniture, From Ancient Egypt to
  Nineteenth Century Europe, Line Drawings by Julie
  L. Rabun, 2nd ed. London John Wiley sons.
  Inc.
• Hawkes, Jacquetta (1976/1983). The Atlas of Early
  Man, (Assisted by David Trump), London
• Housing and Settlement in Anatolia A Historical
  Perspective, Istanbul, Habitat II, 1996, Turkey,
  History Foundation.
• Huntley, Michael (2004). History of Furniture
  Ancient to 19th c., Sussex Guild of Master
  Fracftsman Publications.
• Lucie-Smith, Edward (2005). Furniture, A Concise
  History, London Thames and Hudson.
• Morley, John (1999). Furniture, the Western
  Tradition, History, Style Design, 1999, London,
  Thames and Hudson.
• Karageorghis, V. (1968). Cyprus, (Archaeologia
  Mvndi), Geneva
• Pile, John (2005). A History of Interior Design,
  London Laurence King Publishing, 2nd. Ed.
• Philip, Peter (1995). Early Furniture in
  Payne, Christopher (ed.) (1995). Sothebys
  Concise Encyclopedia of Furniture, London Conran
  Octopus. p. 13-22.a

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Some Web Sites

• Furniture Styles http//www.furniturestyles.net/
• http//uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761563034_8
  /Furniture.html
• Encarta Furniture http//nefertiti.iwebland.co
  m/timelines/topics/furniture.htm
• http//www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/domusta
  blinum_upenn.jpg
• http//www.furniturestyles.net/ancient/roman
• http//www.furniturestyles.net/ancient/homes/roman
  .html
• http//www.classicsunveiled.com/romel/html/intdeco
  r.html
• http//www.vroma.org.html
• http//www.vroma.org/bmcmanus/house.html