Total Solar and Spectral Irradiance Sensor TSIS Rodney Viereck NOAA Space Environment Center Earth R

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Total Solar and Spectral Irradiance
SensorTSISRodney ViereckNOAA Space
Environment CenterEarth Radiation Budget
SensorERBSJim CoakleyOregon State University
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NPOESS TSISTotal Solar and Spectral Irradiance
Sensor

• Total Solar Irradiance and Spectral Irradiance
  measurements made for analysis of climate
  variability and climate change
• There are still large uncertainties in the
  magnitudes
• solar variability
• climate variability
• There are still many unknowns in how changes in
  solar irradiance affect climate.
• What is the physics?
• The NPOESS Total solar and Spectral Irradiance
  Sensor (TSIS) will continue the existing 27-year
  solar irradiance record into the future.

• Rodney Viereck
• NOAA Space Environment Center
• Peter Pilewskie, Greg Kopp, Jerry Harder
• Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics,
  University of Colorado

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Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM)

• Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM)
• Four cavity bolometer
• Measurment Range 1310 to 1420 W/m2
• Long Term Stability 0.002 /yr
• Measurement Precision 0.002 /yr
• Measurement Accuracy 1.5 W/m2 (0.1 )

0.1
TIM Total Irradiance Monitor for the NASA SORCE
Mission
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Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM)

• Spectral Range 200 3000 nm
• Spectral Resolution
• l lt 280 nm 1 nm
• 280 nm lt l lt 400 nm 5 nm
• l gt 400 nm 35 nm
• Long Term Stability
• L lt 600 nm 0.02/yr
• L gt 600 nm 0.01/yr
• Precision 0.02 /yr
• Accuracy 1
• Refresh 20 min/orbit

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0.03
0.02
0.02
SIM Spectral Irradiance Monitor for the NASA
SORCE Mission
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TSIS Scan Platform
Control and Electronics
TIM
SIM
Scan Platform Similar to TIM Platform on the NASA
GLORY Mission
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Solar IrradianceA Critical Component of Climate
Modeling

• Solar forcing is critical to obtaining good
  agreement with historical record.
• Solar dominates up to 1950
• Anthropogenic dominates after 1960

C. Ammann et al., NCAR Climate and Global
Dynamics Div. SORCE Meeting 2003
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Spectral Irradiance A Critical Component of
Climate Variability
Stratospheric Temperature
M. Baldwin SORCE Meeting 2004

• 11-year Solar Cycle in the Quasi Biennial
  Oscillation (QBO)
• The QBO is a semi-periodic shift in the zonal
  (east-west) stratospheric winds near the equator
  with an average period of 28 months
• The QBO seems to be a strong factor in organizing
  the tropical weather and global climate system.
• Solar signal emerges from data (stratospheric
  temperature) when the data is separated into east
  and west phases of the QBO
• It is the UV wavelengths that force the
  stratosphere

West Phase of QBO
East Phase of QBO
Labistska and Van Loon, 1998
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Critical TSIS Issues

• NASA SORCE mission
• TIM and SIM
• launched in 2003
• Five year mission
• NASA GLORY mission
• Only TIM
• Launch in 2008
• Three year mission (2011) although TIM is
  designed for five years (2013).
• NPOESS C3
• TIM and SIM
• Launch in 2013 (?)
• GAPS in the Total Solar Irradiance record
• It is absolutely critical to have overlap between
  sensors.
• With overlap, estimating secular trends in TSI
  is very difficult.
• Without overlap, estimating secular trends is
  nearly impossible.
• Any delays in the launch of NPOESS C3 will
  increase the possibility of having a gap in the
  27-year continuous TSI record

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NPOESS ERBS Earth Radiation Budget Sensor

• B.A. Wielicki, K.J. Priestley, D.P. Kratz, N.G.
  Loeb,
• T.P. Charlock, and P. Minnis
• NASA Langley Research Center
• J.A. Coakley, Jr.
• Oregon State University
• Shi-Keng Yang
• NOAA-NCEP/CPC
• High accuracy broadband radiation budget
  observations for
• Forecast model development and
• validation
• Fundamental climate observations

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Improvement of ERB from the Prognostic Cloud
Algorithm

• ERBS observations used in
• forecast model development and
• validation.
• ERBS observations improve top
• and surface boundary conditions
• for forecasts.

Example Improvements in modeled emitted
longwave radiation for 200-km scale regions.
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Ocean Heat Storage and the Earths Radiation
Budget
Accurate, long term ERB observations provide
clues to system response
Source Wong et al., submitted to J. Climate
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CERES Capabilities and IORD-II Requirements

• Common Requirements
• Horizontal Cell Size 20 km at nadir (meets
  threshold)
• Mapping Uncertainty 1 km at nadir (meets
  objective)
• Latency 1 IBM processor processes a 5-minute
  orbit granule of data in 20 minutes and produces
  all four EDRs
• EDR Specific (CERES in color, Threshold/Objective,
  Wm-2)
• Based on thousands of CERES tests over
  surface sites and multisensor top of the
  atmosphere consistency checks.

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CERES Processing System Relevant to NPOESS

• ERBS EDRs require analysis of
• multiple sensors
• (VIIRSERBS)
• ERBS EDRs require information
• from analyzed or forecast
• meteorological fields

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STATUS Need to Refurbish CERES FM-5

• Flight Hardware
• S/C Interface modifications for NPOESS platform
• Redesign solar calibration diffuser for higher
  stability (coatings
• problems) for SW and LW EDRs.
• Redesign SWICS/SiPD lamp calibration package
  for higher stability
• level in SW TOA and SW Surface flux EDRs.
• Replace 8 ? 12 ?m channel filter with ERBE
  Broadband LW filter for
• more rigorous verification of LW TOA flux EDR
  stability.
• Ground Testing/Characterization
• Update Calibration Chamber
• Investigate replacing Transfer Active Cavity
  Radiometer (TACR)
• mirrors
• Recognize importance of Ground Calibration
• Ground Cal is last test prior to delivery
• Program typically suffering cost/schedule
  constraints
• On-Orbit Operations
• Optimize hardware tasking to minimize
  contamination/uv exposure