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The Role of Academia in Securing the Homeland

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Title: The Role of Academia in Securing the Homeland


1
The Role of Academia in Securing the Homeland
  • Ruth A. David
  • 15 March 2003

2
Major Topics
  • Caveats
  • Prelude to 9/11
  • National Strategy for Homeland Security
  • NRC Report Making the Nation Safer
  • Department of Homeland Security
  • FY04 Budget Trends
  • Strategic Issues

Goal MUTUAL Learning
3
Caveats . . .
  • Not a member of academe!
  • Personal interpretation and opinions
  • Biased by 27 years in National Security
    community
  • Mixed with facts
  • Do not attribute remarks to . . .
  • Presidents Homeland Security Advisory Council
  • Or any other advisory board, agency, or
    organizational affiliation

4
Prelude to 9/11 . . . Significant trends
  • Globalization of science and technology
  • Global village
  • Emergence of asymmetric/unconventional threats
  • Catastrophic Terrorism
  • Shortage of scientists and engineers in workforce
  • Inadequate preparation in K-12 math/science

5
New World Coming American Security in the 21st
Century
  • America will become increasingly vulnerable to
    hostile attack on our homeland and our military
    superiority will not entirely protect us.
  • Rapid advances in information and biotechnologies
    will create new vulnerabilities for U.S.
    security.
  • New technologies will divide the world as well as
    draw it together.
  • The national security of all advanced states will
    be increasingly affected by the vulnerabilities
    of the evolving global economic infrastructure.

U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century
September 1999
6
New World Coming continued. . . . .
  • Energy will continue to have major strategic
    significance.
  • All borders will be more porous some will bend
    and some will break.
  • The sovereignty of states will come under
    pressure, but will endure.
  • Fragmentation or failure of states will occur,
    with destabilizing effects on neighboring states.
  • Foreign crises will be replete with atrocities
    and the deliberate terrorizing of civilian
    populations.
  • Space will become a critical and competitive
    military environment.

U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century
September 1999
7
New World Coming continued. . . . .
  • The essence of war will not change.
  • U.S. intelligence will face more challenging
    adversaries, and even excellent intelligence will
    not prevent all surprises.
  • The United States will be called upon frequently
    to intervene militarily in a time of uncertain
    alliances and with the prospect of fewer
    forward-deployed forces.
  • The emerging security environment in the next
    quarter century will require different military
    and other national capabilities.

U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century
September 1999
8
Road Map for National SecurityImperative for
Change
Recommendations in 5 key areas
  • Ensure the security of the American homeland
  • Recapitalize Americas strengths in science
    education
  • Rebuild strengths in generation and management of
    science and technology and in education
  • Redesign key institutions of the Executive Branch
  • Overhaul the U.S. government personnel system
  • Reorganize Congresss role in national security
    affairs

U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century
January 2001
9
And then there was 9/11 . . .
  • Executive Order created the Office of Homeland
    Security (October 2001)
  • Mission  The mission of the Office shall be to
    develop and coordinate the implementation of a
    comprehensive national strategy to secure the
    United States from terrorist threats or attacks.
     
  • Early focus was tactical
  • Global war on terrorism
  • Anthrax letters
  • Reorganizing the government

10
OHS Strategic Objectives . . .
  • Prevent terrorist attacks within the United
    States
  • Reduce Americas vulnerability to terrorism and
  • Minimize the damage and recover from attacks that
    do occur.

National Strategy for Homeland Security July
2002
11
OHS National Framework
  • Mission Areas
  • Intelligence and Warning
  • Border and Transportation Security
  • Domestic Counterterrorism
  • Protecting Critical Infrastructure and Key Assets
  • Defending Against Catastrophic Threats
  • Emergency Preparedness and Response
  • Cross-cutting Foundation Elements
  • Law
  • Science and Technology
  • Information Sharing and Systems
  • International Cooperation

National Strategy for Homeland Security July
2002
12
OHS ST Initiatives
  • Develop chemical, biological, radiological and
    nuclear countermeasures.
  • Develop systems for detecting hostile intent.
  • Apply biometric technology to identification
    devices.
  • Improve the technical capabilities of first
    responders.

National Strategy for Homeland Security July
2002
13
OHS ST Organizational Initiatives
  • Coordinate research and development of the
    homeland security apparatus
  • Establish a national laboratory for homeland
    security
  • Solicit independent and private analysis for
    science and technology research
  • Establish a mechanism for rapidly producing
    prototypes
  • Conduct demonstrations and pilot deployments
  • Set standards for homeland security technology
  • Establish a system for high-risk, high-payoff
    homeland security research

National Strategy for Homeland Security July
2002
14
NRC Long-Term Research Needs
  • Understanding the mechanisms of human
    pathogenesis, response, and healing
  • Sensors networks
  • Extraction of understanding from large quantities
    of data
  • Human behavior and system design
  • Understanding complex, adaptive systems
  • Intelligent, adaptive power grid
  • Replacing humans in hazardous situations
  • Reliable computer code and secure computer systems

Making the Nation Safer The Role of ST in
Countering Terrorism (NAS 2002)
15
NRC Need to Sustain the Nations Scientific and
Engineering Talent Base
  • Science and Engineering Indicators 2002
  • US ranks 14th in number of bachelors degrees
    awarded in natural sciences engineering
  • In 1975, US was in top 3
  • Recommendation A human resource development
    program aimed at producing a sustained increase
    in baccalaureate and doctoral degrees granted in
    fields consistent with the governments long-term
    priorities for homeland security research is
    needed.

Making the Nation Safer The Role of ST in
Countering Terrorism (NAS 2002)
16
NRC Balancing the Needs of National Security
Effective Research
  • Expanded concept of National Security
  • National vs. federal engagement
  • Countering terrorism vs. traditional military
    action
  • Recommendation . . . Should initiate
    immediately a dialogue between federal and state
    government and the research universities on the
    balance between protecting information vital to
    national security and the free and open way in
    which research is most efficiently and creatively
    accomplished. Dialog BEFORE enactment of major
    policy changes . . .

Making the Nation Safer The Role of ST in
Countering Terrorism (NAS 2002)
17
Department of Homeland SecurityOrganizational
Structure
  • Border Transportation Security
  • Under Secretary Asa Hutchinson
  • Emergency Preparedness Response
  • Under Secretary Mike Brown
  • Science and Technology
  • Under Secretary (Nom.) Dr. Charles McQueary
  • Information Analysis and Infrastructure
    Protection
  • Under Secretary Not yet nominated
  • Management
  • Under Secretary (Nom.) Janet Hale

18
DHS Science and Technology
  • Weapons of Mass Destruction
  • Prevent chemical and biological attacks
  • Sensors systems to detect nuclear
    radiological weapons
  • Information on dirty bombs and other terrorist
    threats
  • Information and Infrastructure
  • Detect and deter attacks on information systems
  • Protect communications systems
  • Review assess security systems evaluate
    threats
  • Maritime
  • Tools technology to protect waterways and
    oceans
  • Laboratories and Research Facilities
  • Harness capabilities of universities, private
    sector labs
  • Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects
    Agency

19
FY04 Combating Terrorism
  • Americas homeland security RD budget is the
    foundation for tools needed to fulfill two of our
    nations highest priorities (1) winning the war
    on terrorism and (2) protecting the homeland.
  • RD funding for homeland security and combating
    terrorism continues to be a priority with an
    estimated 3.2B in 2004.

OSTP Release 31 January 2003
20
FY04 ST Budget Trends (Proposed)
  • National Science Foundation
  • 9 increase relative to FY03 Presidential request
  • Physical sciences increase by 13
  • Improve attraction retention of U.S. students
  • Major Research Equipment and Facility
    Construction increase by 60
  • Department of Energy
  • 3 increase relative to FY03 Presidential request
  • Hydrogen Fuel Initiative
  • Nanoscale science

OSTP Statement to House Committee on Science 13
February 2003
21
FY04 ST Budget Trends (Proposed)
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  • 9 increase in RD
  • Increase scientific and educational outcomes of
    future planetary missions
  • Department of Commerce
  • 1 increase in ST programs
  • Homeland Security standards
  • Biometric ID, threat detection, high-rise safety

OSTP Statement to House Committee on Science 13
February 2003
22
FY04 ST Budget Trends (Proposed)
  • Department of Transportation
  • 11 increase
  • Reduce highway fatalities and injuries
  • FAA focus on safety and environmental research
  • Department of Homeland Security
  • 803M budget for ST Directorate
  • Countermeasures for chemical, biological, and
    radiological and nuclear weapons and other
    terrorist threats

OSTP Statement to House Committee on Science 13
February 2003
23
FY04 ST Budget Initiatives
  • Interagency Initiatives
  • Combating Terrorism
  • Networking and Information Technology
  • National Nanotechnology Initiative
  • Climate Change
  • Math and Science EducationNo Child Left Behind

OSTP Statement to House Committee on Science 13
February 2003
24
FY04 Budget Climate
  • House budget chair calls for deep cuts in
    non-defense spending
  • GovExec Daily Briefing 12 March 2003
  • I dont like deficits. I dont want deficits,
    and I wont pretend that deficits dont matter.
    We cant get back on track without tough
    choices.
  • House Budget Committee Chairman Jim Nussle

Battle lines are being drawn . . .
25
A few strategic issues . . .
  • Homeland Security Research Agenda
  • Protection/Classification of Research
  • Foreign Student Visas
  • Rebuilding US ST talent base

26
Personal observations . . .
  • XXX Security Communities need greater expertise
    in . . .
  • Risk management
  • Threat (insider or external natural or man-made)
  • Vulnerabilities
  • Consequences (including economic psychological)
  • Systems thinking
  • Complex/adaptive
  • System-of-systems
  • Interdependencies
  • Rapid/ongoing technology insertion
  • Spiral development
  • Program management
  • Cost/performance/schedule constraints
  • Trade-off analysis
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