General Biology 1114

1
General Biology 1114

• Dr. Steven Thompson
• IE 128 (west side)
• 327-8566
• sdthompson_at_nwosu.edu

2
Finally a "remote control" for class!
old model of remote
new model of remote
3
Your remotes will be used for quizzes in both the
lectures and lab.

• The quizzes allow us both to quickly check on
  your progress.
• The software will display immediately how the
  class responded to each question.
• Your individual answers will not be displayed.

4
During a quiz, below each question you'll see a
screen similar to this. Shown above are the last
3 digits of remote ID numbers. Once you register
your remote, your 5 letter screen name will
appear when the computer receives your answer.
5
After everyone has answered the question, a graph
similar to this will be displayed. On this graph
the percentage of students choosing each answer
is displayed and the correct answer is indicated
by the green column.
6
First you need to register your remote and
identification

• Go to the NWOSU or
• Natural Science Departmental
• webpages at
• www.nwosu.edu
• or
• www.nwosu.edu/science/

7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14

• You must register your remote before your screen
  name will be displayed and I can identify you so
  that you'll receive class participation points.
  If you have not registered, you'll just see 5
  digits of your remote ID number.
• Please bring your remote with you to both lecture
  and lab each time we meet. We will be using the
  remotes for quizzes almost every day.
• Quizzes missed because of absences or
  nonfunctional remotes may not be made up.
• Yes, we will use the remotes in class on
  Wednesday.
• No, you won't need it for this week's lab, but
  you will need it the following week.

15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
Your 1st 2 initials and last name and the last 2
digits of your NWOSU ID number
Your NWOSU ID number (may change to password of
your choice after 1st login)
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
How to pass General Biology

• Come to lecture AND lab (You must be enrolled in
  a lecture section AND a lab)
• Read ahead
• Actively participate in lectures and labs - ask
  about those things you don't understand
• Don't wait until the night before an exam to
  study - minimum of about 4 hours per week
• Use more than one way of studying - read, write,
  draw, talk, etc.
• Use notes, PowerPoint and text when studying

23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
Chapter 1

• The Study of Life
• Pages 1-17
• Mader, S.S. 2008. Inquiry into life, 12th ed.
  McGraw-Hill
• Co. Inc. New York, NY, USA.

26
Biology

• Bios ________
• __________ to reason,
• the study of

27
Why study biology?
28
What is life?
29
What is life?

• The quality that distinguishes a vital and
  functional being from a dead body.
• The period of time from birth to death.
• An organismic state characterized by the capacity
  for metabolism, growth, development, reaction to
  stimuli, reproduction, adaptation, etc.

30

• ___________ - all the chemical changes which
  occur within a living organism.
• - all of the processes used by an organism to
  acquire, transform and use energy.
• ____________ the capacity to do work
• Homeostasis maintenance of the internal
  conditions necessary to sustain life e.g.
  temperature, pH, O2 levels, blood pressure, etc.

31
Organization in living things

• All living things are composed of one or more
  _________.

32
Cell

• The smallest unit of life.
• The smallest entity that possesses all the
  _____________ ____ ________.

33
___________

• A group of (usually) similar cells that work
  together to perform a set of functions.
• Examples muscle, bone, blood, etc.

34
__________

• Two or more tissues working together to perform a
  set of functions.
• Examples heart, stomach, brain, etc.

35
Organ System

• Two or more ___________ working together to
  perform a set of functions.
• Examples digestive, urinary, cardiovascular,
  musculoskeletal, reproductive systems, etc.

36
Organism

• A living thing.
• Must be composed of at least one cell.
• Its body may consist of different tissues, organs
  and organ systems, or a ________ _______

37
Groups of organisms

• ______________ a group of similar individuals,
  capable of freely interbreeding and producing
  fertile offspring.
• Any problems with this definition?

38
Groups of organisms

• Species a group of similar individuals, capable
  of freely interbreeding and producing fertile
  offspring.
• __________________ a group of individuals of
  the same species living in a given area

39
(No Transcript)
40
Groups of organisms

• Species a group of similar individuals, capable
  of freely interbreeding and producing fertile
  offspring.
• Population a group of individuals of the same
  species living in a given area.
• __________________ two or more populations of
  different species living and interacting in a
  given area.

41
Groups of organisms

• Species
• Population
• Community two or more populations of different
  species living in a given area.
• ____________________ all the interacting biotic
  and abiotic things present in a given area the
  interacting community(s) in an area and their
  surrounding environment.

42
______________

• The science of naming and classifying organisms.
• Taxonomists
• name and describe the organism
• attempt to determine how organisms
• are related to one another

43
Scientific name of a species

• A _____________ consists of two parts
• name of the Genus
• and the Specific Epithet
• Example Homo sapiens
• Homo is the name of our genus
• Homo sapiens our scientific or
• species name

44
Taxonomic Groups

• Categories that organisms are placed in when
  classified.
• Illustrate how organisms are related to one
  another.

45
Taxonomic Groups

• Domains
• 3 different groups of biochemically and/or
  morphologically distinct organisms
• ________ bacteria-like, extremophiles
• Bacteria
• _________ plants, animals, fungi and protistans

46
Domain Bacteria
spherical - cocci
rod-shaped - baccilli
spiral - spirilli
47
Taxonomic Groups

• ______________
• The broadest category recognized by some
  taxonomists.
• Contains many organisms which share general
  characteristics in common.
• Many taxonomists recognize five different
  Kingdoms (ignores Archaea).

48
Kingdoms

• ____________ bacteria and bluegreen algae
  single-celled prokaryotic originally contained
  both Bacteria and Archaea
• Prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus
  generally considered a primitive characteristic
• Eukaryotic has a true nucleus

49
Kingdoms

• Monera bacteria and bluegreen algae
  single-celled prokaryotic
• ______________ single-celled, eukaryotic
  organisms
• some very animal-like (e.g. Amoeba), others more
  plant-like (e.g. algae)

50
Kingdoms

• Monera
• Protista single-celled, eukaryotic organisms,
  some very animal-like (e.g. Amoeba), others
  more plant-like (e.g. algae)
• _____________ eukaryotic mostly multicellular
  have a cell wall are not capable of doing
  photosynthesis
• e.g. mold, mushrooms, athletes foot

51
Kingdoms

• Monera
• Protista
• Fungi
• ____________ eukaryotic multicellular have a
  cell wall capable of photosynthesis
• e.g. plants

52
Kingdoms

• Monera
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae eukaryotic multicellular have a cell
  wall capable of photosynthesis e.g. plants
• ____________ eukaryotic multicellular no cell
  wall not photosynthetic
• e.g. animals

53
Other taxonomic groups

• Domain
• Kingdom many similar organisms
• Phylum
• Class intermediate categories
• Order each more specific than
• Family the one preceding it
• Genus
• Species one specific type of organism

54
Example (only responsible for Kingdoms)
Human Chimp Bird Plant
Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Plantae
Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata
Class Mammalia Mammalia Aves
Order Primates Primates
Family Homonidae Pongidae
Genus Homo
Species H. sapiens
55
_____________

• (vb) the process of a species acquiring
  characteristics that allow it to survive and/or
  reproduce in an environment
• (n) the beneficial characteristic(s)

56
_____________

• a measure of the number of different kinds of
  organisms in an area and their relative
  abundances.

57
___________

• changes in the genetic composition of a
  population over time resulting in the
  accumulation of new adaptations.

58
How do scientists study the world around them?
59
How do scientists study the world around them?

• Scientific Process
• No one cookbook method for conducting science

60
Scientific Method

• 1 - __________

• Example -
• Notice that many trees lose their leaves in the
  fall at about the same time it starts getting
  colder.

61
Scientific Method

• 1 Observe
• 2 - ___________

• Notice that many trees lose their leaves in the
  fall.
• Trees lose leaves because it is colder

62
Hypothesis

• an educated guess
• our best explanation for why or how something
  happens
• must be testable

63
Theory

• An explanation that has been repeatedly tested
  and always found to be true.
• Often a theory is an explanation that draws on
  several different hypotheses.

64
Law or Principle

• A fact an absolute an explanation that is
  beyond questioning.
• Not many laws in biology.
• Is evolution a scientific theory or a principle?

65
Scientific Method

• 1 - Observe
• 2 - Hypothesize
• 3 - ___________

• Notice that many trees lose their leaves in the
  fall.
• Trees lose leaves because it is colder.
• Place identical trees
• in different environments.
• Collect data on results

66
Variables

• Factors which can change and may affect the
  experiment
• Examples?

67
Variables

• Factors which can change and may affect the
  experiment
• Examples?
• Temperature, Water, Fertilization, Light,
  etc.

68
____________

• Variables that are kept constant during the
  course of an experiment.
• Usually only one variable at a time is allowed to
  change.
• Why only one?

69
Scientific Method

• 1 - Observe
• 2 - Hypothesize
• 3 - Experiment
• 4 - __________
• __________

• Use statistics to compare trees responses
  (analyze data)
• Publish results

70
Scientific Method

• 1 - Observe
• 2 - Hypothesize
• 3 - Experiment
• 4 - Objective Evaluation
• 5 - __________
• ___ __________

• Try a new test of hypothesis, or a different test
  of the existing hypothesis

71
Study Suggestions

• Try the test questions at the end of each
  chapter.
• Make certain you are familiar with the list of
  terms at the end of each chapter.
• Use your notes as an indication of what topics
  are most likely to be on exams.
• Study prior to each class meeting.