Green Chemistry:

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• Green Chemistry
• An Introduction

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Jennifer Young Senior Program Manager ACS Green
Chemistry Institute American Chemical
Society j_young3_at_acs.org www.acs.org/greenchemis
try
Rich Engler Program Manager Green Chemistry
Program US EPA engler.richard_at_epa.gov www.epa.go
v/greenchemistry
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Is Green a Fad?

• Economic Sustainability
• Environmental Sustainability
• Social Sustainability

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Definition of Sustainability

• Meeting the needs of today without compromising
  the ability of future generations to meet their
  needs.

The Brundtland Commission - 1983
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Sustainable?
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Environmental Regulations
EPACT FFCA CERFA CRAA
PPA PPVA IEREA ANTPA GLCPA ABA CZARA WRDA EDP OPA
RECA CAAA GCRA GLFWRA HMTUSA NEEA
AMFA ARPAA AJA ASBCAA ESAA-AECA FFRAA FEAPRA IRA N
WPAA CODRA/NMSPAA FCRPA MMPAA
120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
AQA
NAWCA
RCRAA WLDI
APA SWDA CERCLA CZMIA COWLDA FWLCA MPRSAA
WQA
SDWAA SARA
NWPA
Number of Laws
BLRA ERDDAA EAWA NOPPA PTSA UMTRCA ESAA QGA NCPA
ARPA
CAAA CWA SMCRA SWRCA SDWAA
MPRSAA
BLBA FWPCA MPRSA CZMA NCA FEPCA PWSA MMPA
HMTA
TSCA FLPMA RCRA NFMA CZMAA
ESA TAPA
FRRRPA SOWA DPA
NEPA EQIA CAA EPA EEA OSHA FAWRAA NPAA
AQA FOIA
FCMHSA
WRPA AFCA
FHSA NFMUA
WSRA EA RCFHSA
TA FWCA BPA
AEPA
FIFRA
NHPA
PAA
WLDA
WA
FWCAA
MBCA
NBRA
NPS
FAWRA
FWA
IA
AEA
AA
RHA
NLRA WPA
YA
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910
1920 1930 1940 1950
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
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Managing Risk
Historical focus

• Risk ?(Hazard, Exposure)

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Control Technologies

• Gloves
• Respirators
• Self-contained breathing apparatus
• Moon suits
• Stack scrubbers
• Waste water treatment

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Perception of Environment

• Protecting the environment
• Costly
• Restrictive
• Environmentally friendly
• expensive doesnt work well

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Pollution Prevention ActRisk Management
Hierarchy

• PollutionPrevention

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Managing Risk
Source reduction focus

• Risk ?(Hazard, Exposure)

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Green Chemistry Definition

• Green chemistry is the design of chemical
  products and processes to reduce or eliminate the
  use or generation of hazardous substances.

Green chemistry is cost-competitive(not pay
more, get less)
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Green Chemistry and Sustainability

• Creativity of chemists provides technology
  solutions for sustainability!

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Green Chemistry Overview

• Greener synthetic pathways
• Greener solvents/reaction conditions
• Designing greener chemicals
• Inherently safer chemistry
• Process analytical chemistry

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Principles of Green Chemistry

• Prevent waste
• Maximize atom economy
• Design less hazardous syntheses
• Design safer chemical products
• Use safer solvents and reaction conditions
• Increase energy efficiency

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Principles of Green Chemistry

• Use renewable feedstocks
• Avoid chemical derivatization
• Use catalysts, not stoichiometric reagents
• Design chemical products to degrade after use
• Analyze in real time to prevent pollution
• Minimize the potential for accidents

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Green Good Chemistry

• Green chemistry is just good chemistry.
• Why do we need to call it green?
• Chemists routinely accept hazard that is
  unacceptable outside the lab.
• What happens in the lab affects everything
  downstream.

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Why Use Hazardous Chemicals?

• Dont know the hazard
• Can handle the hazard
• Speed/work well
• Familiarity
• Necessary to perform function
• Thats the way weve always done it

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Why Green Chemistry?

• Reduce costs
• Reduced need for capital investment
• Reduce time to market
• Encourage investors
• Minimize unknown future liability
• Enable new functionality

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Green Really Means Business Source
Newsweek September 23, 2008 Environmental
concerns haveemerged as a dominant driver of
global corporations, marrying an old impulse to
be good stewards of the planet with an equally
ancient desire to make money. That marriage may
well eradicate the quaint distinction between
profit motive and public good, opening up a
brand-new world of business practices and
investment opportunities.
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Presidential Green Chemistry Awards

• High level recognition for outstanding green
  chemistry technologies.

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Green Chemistry Peroxide synthesis

• H2 O2 ?

H2O ?
H2O2
Anthraquinone working solution reused at high
energy and capital cost.
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Green Chemistry Peroxide synthesis

• Bleaching in place of chlorine-based bleaches
• Propylene oxide formation instead of chlorohydrin

• H2 O2 ?

H2O2

• Precise control of catalyst crystal size and
  morphology
• High selectivity below H2 flammability limit

Source Headwaters Technology Innovation
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Green Chemistry Recycling Office Paper
Blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah
blah blah

• Mechanical energy needed degrades fibers

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Battelle - Biobased Toners

• Bioderived polyester, polyamide, and polyurethane
  resins and toners for office copiers and printers
• Used soy oil and protein and corn carbohydrates
  as chemical feedstocks
• Print quality maintained
• Improved de-inking for recycling copy paper
• Ink degrades and is easily removed
• Higher quality recovered materials
• LCA shows reduced energy and emitted carbon
  dioxide

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Carbon Sequestration

• CO2 capture using a base

1st generation
Source Prof Davis, U. South Alabama,
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Carbon Sequestration - Green

• CO2 capture using a base

2nd generation
Ionic liquid
Neat IL
Sweetened natural gas
Crude natural gas
Lower energy recovery No separation from
product Expensive, toxic?
IL/CO2 IL/H2S
Source Prof Davis, U. South Alabama,
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Green Chemistry - Greener

• CO2 capture using a base

3rd generation
Neat IL
Sweetened natural gas
Crude natural gas
Easier synthesis/less Greater CO2
capacity Lower energy recovery
IL/CO2 IL/H2S
Source Prof Davis, U. South Alabama,
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Poly(lactic acid) from NatureWorks LLC

• Manufacturing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) from
  renewable resources
• corn or wheat agricultural waste in future
• Uses 20-50 fewer fossil fuels than conventional
  plastics
• The synthesis of PLA produces a high yield, does
  not require organic solvents, and creates no
  hazardous materials
• PLA products can be recycled or composted
• PLA resin can be made into fibers, nonwovens, and
  plastics for consumer goods such as
  clothing and food packaging

catalyst, solventless
catalyst, solventless
fermentation
corn
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Green Chemistry Produces Results

• The 67 Award-winning technologies prevent
• The use or generation of 193 million pounds of
  hazardous substances, including feedstocks,
  solvents, and waste
• The use of 21 billion gallons of water
• The release of 57 million pounds of CO2

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Green Chemistry Produces Results

• Through 2006, all nominated technologies
• Prevent the use or generation of 1 billion pounds
  of hazardous substances
• Prevent the release of 350 million pounds of CO2
• Save 21 billion gallons of water
• Save 9 billion BTUs of energy

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What Can You Do?

• Keep the principles of green chemistry in mind
• Consider hazard a design flaw
• Seek out/offer green chemistry technologies
• Champion new thinking

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What Others Have Done

• Internally
• Training workshops
• Prioritizing RD with the 12 principles
• Metrics Bench-marking
• Awards programs
• Working with their supply chain to drive green
  chemistry
• Externally
• Sponsoring GCI events like the annual GCE
  Conference and the annual Summer School
• Funding green chemistry research fellows
• Sponsoring green chemistry awards
• Building teaching modules for teachers
• Hosting outreach events in the community
• Hosting graduate training workshop

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Environmental Footprint
Example
Reducing your environmental footprint
Baseline 2002
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Green Chemistry

• A philosophy, not a discipline.
• Not a solution to all environmental problems.
• Cost effective
• The most fundamental approach to preventing
  pollution.

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More Examples of Green Chemistry

Read more about these green chemistry examples in
the Green Chemistry Resource Exchange www.GreenCh
emEx.org and at www.epa.gov/greenchemistry
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ACS Green Chemistry Institute

• Mission to enable and catalyze the
  implementation of green chemistry and green
  engineering principles into all aspects of the
  global chemical enterprise.
• Focus areas
• Education Research
• Policy
• Industry
• Certification/Standards

www.acs.org/greenchemistry
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Recognizing Innovation Awards

• US Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge
• Collaboration of ACS and US EPA
• Recognizes improvements from industry, small
  business, and academia
• Apply by December 31
• ACS Award for Affordable Green Chemistry
• Endowed by Rohm and Haas Company
• Recognizes global scientific discoveries that
  deliver cost-effective and environmentally
  friendly products and/or processes
• Apply by November 1

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ACS GCI Pharmaceutical Roundtable Membership
as of December 1, 2008
GCI PR is an alliance of major pharmaceutical
companies working to catalyze the integration of
green chemistry and engineering in the pharma
industry.
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ACS GCI Formulators Roundtable
Draft Mission To be the driving force in the
Cleaners and Cleansers industry to use Green
Chemistry in creating innovative products that
are environmentally sustainable throughout its
product life cycle and safer to make and use.
Officially Launched January 1, 2009
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Annual Green Chemistry Engineering Conference

• 13th Annual Green Chemistry Engineering
  Conference
• June 23-25, 2009 in College Park, MD
• Registration and housing are now open
• Check our website for latest details,
  www.GCandE.org

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Services that ACS GCI Offers

• Training workshops (tailored to your interests)
• Green chemistry strategic plan/opportunity
  assessment
• Metrics benchmarking
• Research symposium series collaborations
• Recognition and visibility
• Opportunities for conference sponsorship
• Partnership/Roundtable of Companies

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Thank you