2003%20January%2022

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Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-?(ADEOS-II)
Potential Observation of Asian Dust by using
polar orbit Earth observation satellites

• 2003 January 22
• National Space Development Agency of Japan

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Mission Objectives
The Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II(ADEOS-I
I), the successor of the Advanced Earth Observing
Satellite (ADEOS), was developed to acquire data
for global climate change research,as well as for
applications such as meteorology and fishery
activities.
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Goal ofADEOS-II Science Program

1. Quantitative estimation of energy cycle relevant
   to the climatic change.
2. Quantitative estimation of carbon cycle (biomass
   and net primary productivity) relevant to the
   global warming.
3. Detection of long term climatic change signal
   from data sets of ADEOS and ADEOS-II.

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ADEOS-II Overview Main Characteristics of
ADEOS-?
?Main Characteristics of ADEOS-?
ExteriorConfiguration Module with a single
solar array paddle Dimension Main
Body Approx. 6m4m4m (X-axisY-axisZ-axis)
Solar Array Paddle Approx. 3m24m Total Mass
3.68t Mission Instrument Mass 1.23t Power
Generation 5,350W (End of Life) Designed life
3years (Propellant 5years) Orbit
Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent orbit Altitude
802.92km Orbit Inclination 98.62? Period
101 minutes Recurrent Period 4
days Local Sun Time AM 1030 Launch
SiteTanegashima Space Center Launch
Vehicle H-IIA Rocket Launch Period December
14, 2002
X
Y
Z
ADEOS-II Orbital Configuration
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ADEOS-II Overview Configuration Flight
Sequence
?Configuration Flight Sequence
AMSR-SENS Advanced Microwave Scanning
Radiometer-Sensor
IOCS Inter Orbital Communication Subsystem
AMSR-CONT Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer
-Controller
Y
X
AOCS Attitude and Orbit Control Subsystem
VMS Visual Monitoring System
Z
MDP Mission Data Processing Subsystem
DTL Direct Transmission For Local Users
SeaWinds-SES
PDL Paddle Assembly
DCS Data Collection System
DT Direct Transmission
ILAS-?
Improved Limb Atomospheric Spectrometer-?
ESA Earth Sensor Assembly
GLI Global Imager
CDH Communication Data
Handling Subsystem
Seawinds-SAS Seawinds (Antenna)
POLDER Polarization and
Directionality of the Earths Reflectance
Direction of Earth
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ADEOS-II Overview Satellite Onboard
?Satellite Onboard
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ADEOS-II Overview Newly Developed Elements of
Spacecraft Bus
?Newly Developed Elements of Spacecraft Bus
New Monitor Instruments onboard(Reflection of
ADEOS accident) Visual Monitor(VMS)
Monitoring Large Spread/Rotating Bodies by CCD
camera Dynamics Monitoring Subsystem(DMS)
PDL TensionStroke Monitor Acceleration
Monitor Attitude Evaluation by Star tracker
Attitude and Orbit Control Subsystem(AOCS)
Improving Orbit Determination Function Using
GPSR Very High Resolution/Fine Observation by
Mission Instrument Increased Angular Momentum
Capacity of Reaction wheels Enlargement of
Rotating Instruments with Increased Residual
Torque
Mission Data Processing Subsystem(MDP) Adopt
CCSDS Packet Telemetry Standard Interface
Adjusting Operating Mission Instrument
Electrical Power Subsystem(EPS) 50AH NiCd
Batteries (ADEOS35AH) Advanced Instrument
with Increasing Electric Power
Optical Data Recorder(ODR) Experimenting
Record/Access High Data Storage
Communication and Data Handling Subsystem(CDH)
USB/SSA combined Transponders HK Semiconductor
Memory instead of tape Recorder Improving
operation of Random access,Simultaneous Record
/Playback Increased Number of Automated
Commands Flexible Operation Plans
Solar Array Paddle (PDL) Increased Power by
High Efficiency Solar Cell Configuration ADEOS
4.5KW ? ADEOS-II 5.3KW Reflection of ADEOS
accident
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ADEOS-II Overview Development Organization
Responsible for developing Satellite
The Earth Observation Systems
SeaWinds NASA/JPL
ADEOS-II Program Manager
ADEOS-II Project team ?Development of Satellite?
Satellite Program and Planning Department
?Program Management ?
POLDER CNES
Earth Observation Research Center ?Developing
algorithm? ?VerificationData process/Analysis? ?D
eveloping Ground systemsOperation? ?Promoting
satellite data?
SystemIOCS,DT,DTL,EPS,RCS,VMS Mitsubishi
Electric Co.
User
ILAS-II Ministry of Environment JP
CDH,MDP Former NEC Co. AOCS, PDL, DMS Former
Toshiba Co. NEC TOSHIBA Space Systems, Ltd.
DCS joint development CNES
Satellite Mission Operations Department?Tracking
Controlling satellite?
Office of Space Transportation System ?Launcher
Operation ?
AMSR Development Mitsubishi Electric Co.
DCS/NASDA Development/Integration Former NEC
Co. NEC TOSHIBA Space Systems, Ltd.
Office of Research and Development ?Developing
TEDA?
GLI Development Fujitsu Ltd.
NASDA
Responsible Corporations
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ADEOS-II Overview Development Schedule
?Development Schedule
1993 (FY5)
1994 (FY6)
1997 (FY9)
1996 (FY8)
1999 (FY11)
1998 (FY10)
1995 (FY7)
2001 (FY13)
2000 (FY12)
Year
2003 (FY15)
2002 (FY14)
2004 (FY15)
2005 (FY16)
4 7 10 1
4 7 10 1
4 7 10 1
4 7 10 1
4 7 10 1
4 7 10 1
4 7 10 1
4 7 10 1
4 7 10 1
4 7 10 1
4 7 10 1
4 7 10 1
4 7 10 1
?
?
Milestones
?
?
?
?
PSR
Launch
PR
CDR
PDR
PQR
Design EM FM Orbit operation
Conceptual Design
Definition Study
Maintenance Design
Critical Design
Preliminary Design
Compatibility Design
Unit EM
System EM
Launch Operation
Unit PFM
System PFM
Initial C/O
CalibrationVerification Operation
Normal Operation
PRPreliminary Review PDRPreliminary Design
Review CDRCritical Design Review
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Mission Instruments onboard(1/13)
ADEOS-II is the International Joint Project
which carries Core sensors developed by NASDA and
Mission Instruments developed by national and
international partners shown below
Core Sensors developed by NASDA AMSR
(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer) GLI
(Global Imager) Sensors developed by Partners
ILAS-II (Improved Limb Atmospheric
Spectrometer-II) Ministry of Environment
Japan SeaWinds NASA(National
Aeronautics and Space Administration) JPL(JET
Propulsion Laboratory) POLDER (Polarization
and Directionality of the Earths Reflectances)
CNES(Centre National dEtudes Spatiales)
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Mission instruments onboard(2/13)
?AMSR (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer)
?Overview?
AMSR observes the microwave energy naturally
radiated from the Earths surface and atmosphere.
It is to understand the global water and energy
circulation by observing various geophysical
parameters relate to water.
Conical Scan by Antenna Rotation
1600km
Water vapor content, precipitation, sea surface
temperature, sea surface wind, snow, etc.
Regardless of day and night or weather
conditions, it is capable of making high quality
observation by microwave.
Co-location of beam footprints
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Mission Instruments onboard(3/13)
?AMSR (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer
)(continued)
?Expected Results Ex.(1/2)?
Sea surface temperature
Understanding El Nino phenomenon?Fishery
Utilizing Radio Wave, it made possible to make
observation underneath the cloud. AMSR has global
observation as well as sea surface temperature
accurately.I t is expected to be used for El Nino
phenomenon and predict fishery area.
Sea surface Temperature distribution in the
tropical ocean observed by the Tropical Rainfall
Measuring Mission/Microwave Imager(TRMM/TMI)
Processed with the algorithm developed by Akira
Shibata, NASDA/EORC (AMSR standard algorithm
candidate)
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Mission Instruments onboard (4/13)
?AMSR (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer
)(continued)
?Expected Results Ex.(2/2)?
Sea ice concentration
Understanding the Global Warming Mechanisms
AMSR acquire detailed data of sea ice with high
spatial resolution. Distribution of Sea ice is
affected by global warming. Microwave observation
is effective in the polar regions because of long
polar night and heavy cloud cover. Sea ice
covering the Arctic Ocean dominates thermal
energy income and oceanographic cycle. It is
expected to apply to predict sailing routes in
the arctic ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk.
Distribution of Sea ice near the Antarctic
Continent observed by AMSR.
Processed with the algorithm developed by
Josefino Comiso, NASA/GSFC (AMSR standard
algorithm candidate)
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Mission Equipment on board(5/13)
?GLI(Global Imager)
?Overview?
An optical sensor with the purpose of making
frequent and global observations by reflected
solar radiation from the earth s surface
including land, ocean and cloud, and by infrared
radiation for measuring physical characteristics.

chlorophyll?vegetation distribution?cloud?snow
and ice?sea surface temperature etc.
Multi-spectral observation capability consists of
36 channels in the visible and near-infrared
regions (375nm12.5µm).The ground resolution is 1
km at the nadir, part of the channels have a
resolution of 250m at the nadir which will be
used for observing vegetation and clouds.
Successor to OCTS onboard ADEOS.
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Mission Equipment on board (6/13)
?GLI(Global Imager)
Detecting Global Warming The images show the
analysis of phytoplankton (chlorophyll-a)
concentration. It is distinct by the shade of
colors. For example, red indicate the most
concentrated chlorophyll-a. Carbon dioxide in
the air is one of the cause of global warming,
and land vegetation absorbs Carbon dioxide by
photosynthesis. However the amount of
phytoplankton in the ocean is unknown yet. Making
it clear is the key to understand cycle of carbon
dioxide in ocean and atmosphere. GLI observation
data of chlorophyll-a concentration will be
useful to detect global warming. (analyzed MODIS
data on Sept. 24th 2000 by GLI algorithm)
? Expected Results (1/2)?
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Mission Equipment on board (7/13)
?GLI(Global Imager) (continued)
?Expected Results (2/2)?
Detecting mutual interaction on cloud and
aerosol These images show the stratocumulus over
off California. Lines of small cloud particle
which is continental aerosols caused by smoke
from ships, can be seen on the left above of the
photo. It has been pointed out that this
phenomenon influence on emission balance and
global warming. Global observation data on cloud
and aerosol will be useful for understanding
mechanism of global warming and weather
forecast.(analyzed MODIS data on June 18th 2000
by GLI algorithm)
Optical Thickness
Effective Radius (µm)
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Mission Equipment on board(8/13)
?ILAS-II(Improved Limb Atmospheric
Spectrometer-II)
?Overview?
It was developed by the Ministry of Environment
to monitor the high-latitude stratospheric ozone
layer.
It is a spectrum from the upper troposphere to
the stratosphere using sunlight as a light
source.
?Expected Result?
To monitor and study change in the stratosphere
which are triggered by emissions of
chlorofluorocarbons(CFC) and to evaluate the
effectiveness of world wide emission controls of
CFCs.
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Mission Equipment on board (9/13)
?SeaWinds
?Overview?
SeaWinds Scatterometer was developed by National
Aeronatics and Space Administration(NASA).

The SeaWinds Ku-band(13GHz) radar measures high
accuracy wind speed and direction by measuring
backscattered power from short(centimeter) wave
on the sea surface which is over 90 of the
ice-free global ocean every day.
SeaWinds is a followon to the NASA Scatterometer
launched on ADEOS, and to the SeaWinds instrument
flying aboard the QuikSCAT spacecraft .
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Mission Equipment on board (10/13)
?SeaWinds
?Expect Result?
Improve Weather Forecasting / Storm Tracking
SeaWinds will provide a continuing set of long
term wind data of ocean circulation, climate and
air-sea interaction. Data will be distributed to
meteorological agencies world wide to improve
weather forecasting and storm tracking.
Global wind speed and direction (ProvidedNASA/JPL
)
It will also be used in wide range of
observations such as sea ice around the Earths
poles, measuring soil moisture content and snow
cover, and for regional flood detection.
Seasonal Sea ice changes (ProvidedNASA/JPL)
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Mission Instruments onboard (11/13)
?POLDER(Polarization and Directionality of the
Earths Reflectances)
?Overview?
POLDER was developed by the French space agency
Centre National dEtudes Spatiales(CNES) the
succession of ADEOS.
Cloud Top Altitude Aerosols
Vegetation Aerosols Radiation
Vegetation Aerosols Radiation Budget and Clouds
Budget and Clouds
Water Vapor
Ocean Color
It will observe the polarization, directional and
spectral characteristics of the solar light
reflected by aerosols, clouds, ocean and land
surface.
Vegetation Aerosols Radiation Budget and Clouds
?aerosolsmicroparticle floating in the air
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Mission Instruments onboard (12/13)
?POLDER(Polarization and Directionality of the
Earths Reflectances)
?Expected Results Ex?
POLDER will provide observation data on the
polarization and directional spectral
characteristics of the solar light. Data will be
analyzed though another system to conduct

Determine the physical and optical properties of
AEROSOLE so as to classify them and study their
variability and cycle
Improve the climatological description of
certain physical, optical and radiative
properties of clouds Precisely determine the
influence of aerosols and cloud on the earths
radiation budget Quantify the role of
photosynthesis from the continental biosphere and
ocean in the global carbon cycle

Image acquired by POLDER on ADEO over
France (topnatural light, bottompolarized
light) (CNES)
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Mission Instruments onboard (13/13)
DCDS Observation Concept
Other Mission Instruments
DCS (Data Collecting System) Joint Project by
NASDA/CNES
It collects data from Data Collection Platforms
located on the ocean, and forwards operating
message to observation system.
TEDA (Technical Data Acquisition Equipment) NASDA
It monitors the space environment and acquires
engineering data and to clarify the relations of
degradation, and anomalies in space use parts
and materials.
The points of single event upset occurred on
256Kbit SRAM from ADEOS
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Data Flow Overview
ltAMSRgt ltGLIgt ltILAS-IIgt ltSeaWindsgt ltPOLDERgt
Global Observation Data
Data Relay satellite (DRTS-W)
DT Direct Transmission Subsystem

• (DT)
• Kiruna

• Alaska
• (DT)

• Wallops
• (DT)

Earth Observation Center (DTDRTS)
NASA
CNES
MOE
internet media
exclusive on line
Meteorological Agency? Fisheries Information
Center etc.
Data UsersResearchers
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Organization of ADEOS-II Program
NOAA
NASA/JPL
SeaWinds DCS
NASDA
SeaWinds
GROUND SEGMENT
SYSTEM ENGINEERING
SYSTEM INTEGRATION
GLI AMSR
OPERATION
CNES
MOE
POLDER DCS

ILAS
-
II

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Expected results from ADEOS-II for dust monitoring
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Pollution can be found all over the world

• Pollution
• China
• Biomass burning
• Siberia
• Dust Storm
• China

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Eastern China Oct 2, 2002
2002/275 - 10/02 at 05 05 UTCSmoke and pollution in Eastern China
http//rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/
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China Jul 11, 2002
2002/192 - 07/11 at 03 00 UTCPollution and
fires in China
http//rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/
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Fires along Lena River near Yakutsk (August
19,2002)
http//earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/na
tural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id4699
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Smoke from Eastern Russia
Extensive forest fires in Eastern Russia have
been sending large volumes of smoke into the
atmosphere over the Sea of Okhotsk and Kamchatka
Peninsula. The smoke (greyish pixels) is easy to
see in this SeaWiFS image against the relatively
dark background of the northwestern Pacific
Ocean. The smoke pall covered about 6 million
square kilometers (about two million square
miles) of sea surface on May 17 and 18, 2002.
One of the source areas for the smoke is visible
as a large, off-white cloud near the center left
side of the May 17 scene. In the clear air
between the smoke and clouds (brighter white
pixels), a colorful phytoplankton bloom (dark
green pixels) can be seen on both sides of the
Kamchatka Peninsula. Image courtesy the SeaWiFS
Project, NASA GSFC, and ORBIMAGE
http//earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/
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Water Cloud and Aerosol
Optical Thickness of Cloud Global distribution
observed at wavelength 500nm, monthly mean of
Sep. 13 to Oct. 12, 2000.Terra MODIS data
processed using GLI algorithm.
Optical Thickness of Aerosol Global distribution
observed by Terra MODIS at wavelength
500nm. Aerosol have natural or anthropogenic
emission sources and effects on the climate
change are different.
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Cloud-Aerosol Interaction
Atmosphere
Cloud Physical Parameters (left particle radius,
right optical thickness) (Off-shore
California) An example of detection of
interacting cloud and aerosol. Cloud particle
size is changing into smaller size by the
interaction with continental aerosol and the soot
exhausted from ocean vessels.
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Physical Parameters of Cloud Monthly MeanUpper
Image Optical Thickness Lower Image Angstrome
Exponent
Global Map expected from GLI
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Remote Sensing and ModelRemote sensing will
contribute to improve accuracy of prediction
using model as well as monitoring the global
change.
Remote SensingGCM?Improved Accuracy of
Prediction
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Dust over the Arabian Sea
In early December 2002, strong winds were blowing
dust and sand from the Makran Mountains in
southern Pakistan and Iran out over the Arabian
Sea. The above true-color image of the dust
plumes was acquired by the Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument,
flying aboard NASA Aqua spacecraft. Image
courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response
Team, NASA GSFC
http//earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/
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MODIS Yellow Dust ObservationMarch, 2001
http//www.rsch.tuis.ac.jp/sekiguch/lecture/tokko
u/kousa.htm
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2002?11?11??12???????????????????????????????Aqua?
???????MODIS????11?12?14??????????????????????????
?????????????????????(??????????????)?
MODIS(AQUA) Yellow Dust ObservationNovember, 2002
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First Light of ADEOS-II AMSR
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Sea Ice Motion
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EarthCARE

• Mission
• Vertical profile of clouds, aerosol
• Interaction between clouds and aerosol
• Cloud stability and precipitation
• Orbit
• Sun synchronous
• Equator crossing time 1330
• Altitude 380km
• Instrument
• CPR (cloud Profile Radar)
• LIDAR
• MSI (Multi-Spectral Imager)
• BBR (Broad Band Radiometer)
• FTS (Froulier Transform Spectrometer)
• Proposed task sharing
• NASDA(CPR, FTS, Launch)
• ESA(LIDAR, MSI, BBR, Spacecraft)
• Launch target
• 2009 or 2011