Livestock in East Asia Project

1
Livestock in East Asia Project

• Kurt Roos
• World Bank Team Member
• for
• Weiguo Zhou Team Lead
• Rural Development Natural Resources Sector Unit
• East Asia and Pacific Region
• The World Bank

2
Project Background

• Purpose Reduce negative environmental and
  health impacts caused by confined livestock in
  region
• Discharge to surface waters main issue
• Three country areas involved
• China, Guangdong Province
• Thailand, Racthuburi and Chonburi province
• Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi
• Project implemented over a 5 year period
• Japan PHRD Grant Fund for Climate Change includes
  a Greenhouse Gas project component

3
Large Range in Farm Scale

• Thailand
• Very large corporate type farms gt20,000 and very
  small family farms 10-50 pigs
• Vietnam
• Very small family farms 10 200 pigs
• China
• Moderate scale farm 100 2,000

4
Waste Handling and Collection

• All countries solids collection and hose flush

5
Waste Management
Direct Discharge
Storage/Direct Discharge
Lagoons

• Fish Ponds

1. Land application of nutrients limited to solids
   fraction only
2. Have discharge standards
3. Pollution load is catastrophic

Digesters/Direct Discharge
Fish Ponds
6
Project Design
7
Demonstration Overview

• Purpose is to demonstrate an array of systems
  that prevent water pollution
• Greenhouse gas and air quality are not primary
  project objectives
• Systems must be affordable gas recovery
  component does this
• All countries desire systems with gas recovery
• Many system types
• Cost implications
• Gas use options vary
• Projects are on-farm and communal
• Other processes also in technology mix
• Two cell open lagoons
• Land application and nutrient management planning
  approaches are being introduced.
• Long term implications for project
• Some countries limited opportunity i.e., fish
  pond feed resource

8
On-Farm Demonstrations
Covered Lagoon
Polyethylene Bag
Fixed Dome
Two Phase Digestion
Polyprp Bags
Two cell open Lagoon
9
Communal Digester N. Vietnam

• Social structure allows for communal development,
  operation, and management of covered lagoon
• 200 families
• _at_1,500 pigs
• Village waste canal to be constructed
• Designed for rainfall exclusion
• Gas purchased and used as cook fuel for families
• Distributed and measured in refillable bags

Village Waste Canal System
Lagoon site integrated into fish pond
Bank-to-bank covered lagoon type
10
Gas Use Options
Heat lamps and light
Cooking Wood and Coal
Cooking Propane
Shaft Power
Flares
Pumps
Electric/Cogen
11
Nutrient Management TropicalClimate Options

• Land application relative to crop need (N and P)
• Most common approach includes temperate climate
  approaches US, Europe
• Wetland
• Aquatic crops remove nutrients
• Fish ponds
• Waste used as fish feed resource China,
  Vietnam, Thailand
• Treat and discharge - sewage
• Livestock waste comparatively high strength very
  expensive

Irrigated Rice
Tank hauling of liquid effluent
Macrophytes
Fish Pond
12
Affordability

• Demonstration has wide range in installed cost
• 7-15 per pig (covered lagoons)
• China two phase system
• 55-100 per pig
• Cost will effect replication potential and are of
  concern
• Policy component
• Energy financial incentives may not be enough to
  offset extreme costs

13
Monitoring

• Characterizing performance of water pollution
  mitigation options, with high levels of data
  confidence requires a credible basis and approach
  to measurement
• Requires
• Appropriate methods and protocol to characterize
• Baseline System
• Direct discharge
• Lagoons
• Storage
• Fishponds
• In comparison to
• Demonstration processes
• Pre-treatment
• Primary Treatment
• Secondary/Tertiary Treatment
• And costs

14
Monitoring Component

• Measuring pollution mitigation needs credible
  basis
• Baseline WMS
• Direct discharge
• Storage
• Fishponds
• Methods and Protocol
• Monitoring supports policy, technical, and tools
  elements

15
Monitoring Plan and Protocol

• Plan includes
• Monitoring Pre-requisites
• 1) Evaluations of full-scale systems serving
  commercial livestock operations,
• 2) At least 12-months in duration, and
• Conducted after start-up phase of operation has
  been completed and at steady state
• Sampling protocol for influent and effluent to
  ensure representative samples
• Composite samples best for flush systems
• At least 6 grab samples taken over a period of no
  less than 1 hour and combined into single
  composite sample (gt20 L)
• Sampling protocol for solids collection
• Plan needs to specify flow measurement
• Pump (gpm)
• Collection basin
• Rainfall and evaporation need to be accounted for
• Sample preservation
• Iced or refrigerated and delivered within 24
  hours of collection

16
Status

• Project launched July 2006
• Regional Coordination meeting Oct. 2006
• Key elements
• Demonstration construction
• Scheduled dry season 2007
• ME
• What and how
• Standardization across countries