Ocean Observing: Meeting Diverse Community and Research Needs

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Ocean Observing Meeting Diverse Community and
Research Needs

• Ocean Observing Activities of the Marine
  Geochemistry and Geology Division

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MGGD Faculty Participants and Locus of Research

• James Cowen
• Eric De Carlo
• Brian Glazer
• Fred Mackenzie
• Kathleen Ruttenberg
• Frank Sansone

• CRIMP-CO2
• Heeia Pond Observatory
• HiOOS Nearshore Buoys and Sensors
• Juan de Fuca
• Kilo Nalu Observatory

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CRIMP-CO2 a Coastal Biogeochemical Observatory

• Eric H. De Carlo, Fred T. Mackenzie, Margaret A.
  McManus UH Oceanography
• Richard Feely, Chris Sabine, Katie Fagan
  NOAA/PMEL
• Patrick Drupp, Didier Dumas, Chris Ostrander
  (07), Rachel Solomon (08), Chip Young
  Oceanography GAs
• MungFa Chun, Laura de Gelleke, Hong Ha GES
  Students
• Fancois Paquay, Daniel Hoover, Stephanie Ringuet
  Technical Staff

http//www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/coastal/kbay/157w_all
.htm
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CRIMP CO2

• CO2, O2 sensors, CTD measuremnts at 3 hours
  frequency
• Multiparameter sondes (Cond., T, pH, DO, Chl-a,
  Turbidity) at 10 minute frequency
• ADV, ADCP, thermistor chains (McManus/Ostrander)
• Climate from NWS, CI
• Iridium telemetry of buoy data to NOAA/PMEL (once
  a day)

• Synoptic water column profiles
• (chl-a, cond/sal, DO, pH, turbidity)
• Water samples for lab analyses
• (nutrients, chl-a, pigments)

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CRIMP-CO2 Objectives

• To understand how land derived inputs impact
  coastal water quality (12 year record of local
  funding associated with this objective)
• To understand how land-derived nutrients and
  storm plumes fuel coastal water column
  productivity
• To determine how productivity, calcification, and
  physical forcing control air-sea exchange of CO2
  in Kaneohe Bay.
• To determine how seasonal changes in runoff
  affect annual CO2 and O2 gas exchange fluxes and
  the associated potential acidification of bay
  waters
• Now shifting emphasis toward ocean
  acidification issues by examining calcification
  and dissolution of carbonates across the barrier
  reef of Kaneohe Bay (collaboration with M.
  Atkinson)

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CRIMP-CO2

• 1st buoy of NOAA/PMEL coastal CO2 monitoring
  program deployed Nov 2005 (four buoys exist now)
• System to be moved to barrier reef of Kaneohe Bay
  (5/08) for calcification/dissolution studies
• Part of three buoy network in Hawaii (two
  currently being built as part of HIPOOIS network
  for deployment on S. Shore of Oahu)
• Can be a platform for testing of new sensor
  technology
• Can be a platform for experiments by
  collaborating scientists
• Use of platforms for undergraduate research and
  training
• Training of operational oceanographers

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CRIMP-CO2 Accomplishments

• First high temporal resolution time-series
  (2005-now) study for a tropical coastal
  embayment.
• gt24 months of CRIMP-CO2 data and synoptic water
  column data in the bay
• Results (2006) -1.26, (2007) -2.17 Mole C m-2
  yr-1 flux is consistent with prior work stating
  that Kaneohe Bay is a source of CO2 to the
  atmosphere on an annual timescale (-1.45 Mole C
  m-2 yr-1, Fagan and Mackenzie, 2007)
• Kaneohe Bay is a temporary sink of CO2 during
  storms but remains a source to the atmosphere
  over annual scales
• Local but globally relevant data on direction and
  flux of greenhouse gases and ocean acidification
• Training of technical workforce in ocean
  technology and outreach

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Kilo Nalu Nearshore Reef Observatory
Geno Pawlak, Ocean and Resources
Engineering Eric De Carlo, (Andrew Hebert),
Margaret McManus, Mark Merrifield, Frank Sansone,
Kevin Stierhoff, Judith Wells Oceanography Roy
Wilkens HIGP Timothy Stanton Naval
Postgraduate School, Dept. of Oceanography Kriste
n Fogaren, Jeff Sevadjian, Melinda Swanson
Oceanography GAs Brian McLaughlin, Kimball
Millikan Dave Harris SOEST ESF Brian Chee
Advance Network Computing Lab.
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• A window into the Hawaiian coastal ocean
  environment
• 1st generation, Aug. 2004
• 2nd generation, Nov. 2006
• Ocean Prediction System
• Real-time observations, validation
• ? waves/currents/water chemistry
• ? passive ocean acoustics
• Current Research
• Nearshore physics, Internal tides,
• Benthic biogeochemistry, Air-sea CO2
• exchange, Nutrient dynamics
• Technological/Economic Development
• Ocean technology test bed
• Training workforce development
• Education, Outreach
• Graduate, undergraduate education via
• Ocean Engineering / Oceanography / SOEST, and

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HIOOS Buoys and Nearshore Sensors

• Eric De Carlo, Margaret McManus, Grieg Steward
  UH Oceanography (and many others in HIOOS/HIPOOIS
  group)
• Ross Timmerman (GES 07)
• Mike Tomlinson (MS 04)
• Collaboration with Hi-DOH (W. Okubo), CCH (R.
  Tanimoto)
• Continued collaboration with NOAA/PMEL on CO2
  system observations
• System implementation Spring 08

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Bottom Sediment Impacts on Nutrient Cycling in
Heeia Fishpond
K. Ruttenberg, B. Glazer, M. McManus UH
Oceanography B. Briggs, C. Young UH GAs D.
Sulak, D. Hull GES Linda Rui, Lili Zhao High
School Students The Pond - Southern bank of
Heeia Stream on K-bay - Paepae O Heeia
Kamehameha Schools - Aquaculture / land-ocean
interface processes / anthropogenic impacts
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Microbial Observatory Microbial Ecology of Deep
Basement Aquifer
Jim Cowen, Brian Glazer and colleagues Biogeochem
istry geomicrobiology at MORs, ridge flanks,
hot spots, and subduction zones

• Depends on/requires strong ESF support
• Technologically and logistically challenging,

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• Future connection to
• Regional Cabled
• Observatory
• Cascadia Basin CORK
• Boreholes
• Power
• To / large vol. pumping
• Complex exp. setups
• Communication
• Event response
• Sampling rate control

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Borehole Downhole Sampling and Incubation
MO
PIs Cowen Taylor
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In situ Redox Chemistry, Cabled and
Networked(NSF-OTIC, 2007-2009)

• Brian Glazer (UH-Oceanography)
• Kim Binsted (UH-Information Computer Science
• and building science collaborations with Kilo
  Nalu group

• OBJECTIVES
• To modify and improve existing state of-the-art
  in situ electrochemical analyzer instrumentation
  for extended deployments within a proven cabled
  observatory network
• To produce a software package capable of
  automated near real-time data reduction during
  continuous in situ voltammetric data acquisition
  
• To further quantify durability and longevity of
  solid-state mercury-gold amalgam sensors under
  varying in situ redox conditions.

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in situ Redox Chemistry
100 mm Au wire sealed in PEEK or glass using
marine epoxy, plated with Hg
O2, Fe2, Mn2, H2S, H2O2, I-, Sx2-, S2O32-,
FeSaq, Fe(III) are all measurable in one scan (if
present)
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Current Status Future Direction

• Technique is tried, true, proven in water
  column, sediments, hydrothermal, and lab settings
• Moving toward improving sensor integrity with
  lengthened deployments (currently weeks-months)
• Currently addressing data reduction problem
  (there is no commercial software for
  auto-analysis of large datasets)
• Kilo Nalu testing scheduled for February 2008
• Moving toward eddy correlation for real-time flux
  measurements

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Needs Now and the Future

• Strong engineering and technical support staff
• Improved small boat operations/pool
• Marine facilities with readily accessible
  shop/storage/staging areas
• Long term maintenance support for Ocean Observing
  infrastructure
• Dedicated State-supported technical staff
• Fostering of industry partnership for sensor
  development
• Funding support from community stakeholders and
  increased participation by local and State
  agencies

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Ocean Acidification
Time-series of seawater saturation states with
respect to calcite, aragonite, and 15 and 20 mol
Mg-calcite using ion activity products from
Bichoff et al., 1987 1993 (B), and from Plummer
Mackenzie, 1974, (PM) at the CRIMP-CO2 buoy
(Solomon, 2007)
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Voltammetry 101
O2, Fe2, Mn2, H2S, H2O2, I-, Sx2-, S2O32-,
FeSaq, Fe(III) are all measurable in one scan, if
present
Glazer et al. 2004