Organized by UNEP DTIE sponsored by InWent Training Programme for Capacity Building in National Clea

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Organized by UNEP DTIE sponsored by
InWentTraining Programme for Capacity Building
in National Cleaner Production Centers

• Integration Sustainable Production Consumption

Brazil, August 2003
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Objectives

• Improve participants understanding of how
  sustainable consumption and production are
  interrelated.

• Present tools and methodologies available for an
  integrated approach of SCP.

• Support participants in identifying opportunities
  for leveraging sustainable consumption and
  production in their activities

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Structure of presentation

• What is Sustainable SCP?
• Need for an integrated approach
• Tools and strategies available
• The function-based approach
• Scope and opportunities (in working groups)

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What is Cleaner Production?

• Cleaner Production is the continuos application
  of an integrated environmental strategy to
  processes, products, and services to increase
  overall efficiency, and reduce risks to humans
  and the environment.

Cleaner production can be applied to the
processes used in any industry, to products
themselves and to various services provided in
society UNEP
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Environmental Management Evolutionary Ladder
Anticipate prevent
GOAL
Sustainable Development
cleaner production sustainable consumption
Prevent
Control
recycling treatment
Dilute
React treat
Save opportunity
Ignore
Cost liability
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What Cleaner Production means for

• Production processes conserving raw materials,
  water and energy eliminating toxic and dangerous
  raw materials reducing the quantity and toxicity
  of all emissions and wasters at source during the
  production process.

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What Cleaner Production means for

• Products reducing the environmental, health and
  safety impacts of products offer their entire
  life cycle, from raw materials extraction,
  throughout manufacturing and use to the
  ultimate disposal of the product.

• Services incorporating environmental concerns
  into designing and delivering services.

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Sustainable ConsumptionDifferent Terms
Different Concepts?
Shivering in the dark
buying green
Increase in resource efficiency
reduced spending

• Voluntary simplicity

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What is Sustainable Consumption

• the use of services and products which respond
  to basic needs and bring a better quality of life
  while minimizing the use of natural resources and
  toxic materials as well as the emissions of waste
  and pollutants over the life cycle of the service
  or product so as to not jeopardize the needs of
  future generations. UN CSD, 1995

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SITUAÇÃO INSUSTENTÁVEL

• Atualmente, um quinto da população mundial,
  vivendo nos países desenvolvidos, responde por
  86 do mercado de consumo, comprando 46 de toda
  a carne 65 da energia elétrica 84 do papel e
  85 dos metais e químicos. Também é responsável
  por 70 das emissões globais de carbono.
• Geraldo Rohde

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Sustainable Consumption

• is more than consuming green  
• It is meeting basic needs
• is about changing patterns, not doing without
• It is responsible consumption
• consuming differently, efficiently!!

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CS NO BRASIL

• ACESSO AO CONSUMO (MISÉRIA)
• (RE)DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE RENDA
• ACESSO A REMÉDIOS / GC/PI
• DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR
• RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL
• Geraldo Rohde

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Concerned global consumers
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Driving Forces that Influence Consumption

• Economic economic growth, disposable income and
  prices,
• Demographics single-person households,
  longer/healthier lifetimes
• Social lifestyle and cultural tastes for
  diversity, individualism, working/leisure
  hours.
• Education and Information environmental
  awareness.
• Existing technology and infrastructure, available
  products and services.
• Policy framework economic instruments,
  regulations and social tools.

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NECESSIDADES HUMANAS BÁSICAS ("INATAS")

• AR
• ÁGUA
• ALIMENTO FUNCIONAL SAÚDE
• VESTUÁRIO
• MORADIA
• EDUCAÇÃO
• NOVIDADE
• Geraldo Rohde

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"NECESSIDADES" CRIADAS

• ARTIFICIAIS
• SUPÉRFLUAS EFÊMERAS
• OBSOLESCÊNCIA PLANEJADA
• SOBRECONSUMO
• SUNTUOSIDADE MODA
• DESCARTÁVEIS
• DESPERDÍÇIO ("CULTURA DO")
• NEEDS X WANTS
• Geraldo Rohde

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There is not Sustainable Consumption without
Sustainable Production
and viceversa
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Need for an Integrated Approach

• Increasing resource use efficiency (technological
  innovation, better management, alternative
  materials, etc.) to meet the basic needs
• Reduce material and energy density of consumption
  
• Promoting sustainable development (economic,
  social and environmental)

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Production Chain Schematic Examples of
strategies to improve resource productivity
Extraction of Raw materials
Processing Industry
Manufacturer Of finished products

• Cleaner processing and energy technology More
  emphasis on material with a favorable life
  course
• Less material per unit Larger share of materials
  from recycling industry
• Better moduling of components

• Cleaner processing
• and energy
• technology

• Cleaner processing
• and energy
• technology

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Production Chain Schematic Examples of
strategies to improve resource productivity (II)
Distribution
Consumption
Waste Management

• More systematic
• Recycling
• New materials
• technology

• Cleaner and more
• Effective transport,
• Possibly spread
• Production
• Re-use of transport
• packaging

• Rationalize link between goods or
• services and consumer
• (computer shopping)
• Better utilization of energy
• More re-use and recycling
• A large share of the total consumption
• should refer to service
• More sharing

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Process-Focused Production and Consumption
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A Systems Look at Sustainable Production and
Consumption
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We sometimes fixate on our part of the system
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The role of Governments, Industry and Consumers

• Sustainable consumption and production is a
  common responsability of Governments, Industry
  and Consumers.

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Tools and Strategies

• for Sustainable Consumption and Production

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Systems Models/Tools for SCP

• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
• http//www.uneptie.org/pc/pc/tools/lca.htm
• Life Cycle Management (LCM)
• http//www.ec.gc.ca/ecocycle/englins/whatislcm.cfm
  
• Product System Services (PSS)
• http//www.uneptie.org/pc/sustain/design/pss.htm
• Integrated Product Policy (IPP)
• http//europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ipp/home.htm
  

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Companies Potential Areas of Improvement

• Processes CP assessment, eco-efficiency,
  procurement, supply chain management.

• Products/Services LCM, Eco-design, Product
  Service System, Eco-labels, Dematerialization

• Systems EMS, multi-stakeholder dialogues

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Dematerialization

• Addressing needs and functionality rather than
  the product alone
• Tracking throughput of materials and energy in
  industrial and consumption processes
• Major increase in resource productivity
• Cost internalisation to increase economic
  efficiency

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Policy Instruments to Encourage SCP

• Economic instruments taxes, subsidies,credits,
  financial incentives, etc.

• Regulatory standards, norms, EPR, labeling,
  (enforcement)

• Social awareness raising, education,
  information, voluntary initiatives

• Others indicators, green accounting...

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(No Transcript)
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Internal (Government-Oriented) Instruments

• Green Government Purchasing
• Integrated Product Policy

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Consumer opportunities

• Conscious purchasing
• consumers power (voting with the pocket,
  activism)
• waste separation, water, energy, etc.
• buy eco-efficient products (saving)
• quality of life vs consumism
• sustainable life styles

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Local Examples

• Organic products such as coffee
• fair trade
• Local awareness campaigns

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Function-Based Approach

• Meeting human needs by providing functions such
  as food, clothing, shelter, mobility, health,
  education, safety, leisure, communication
  through optimized production and consumption
  systems that are contained within the carrying
  capacity of the ecosystem.

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Example Shelter

• Needs housing for resident and commercial
  activities
• Environmental impacts (life-cycle) land use,
  materials use (cement, steel, plastics, wood,
  etc.), energy and water consumption during
  construction and use, furnishing, equipment
  (heating, water supply, air-conditioning, etc.),
  demolition and waste disposal
• New approaches integrated land use and urban
  development planing, alternative design (style,
  materials, lighting, heating and cooling, dual
  pipelines, waste composting equipment, design for
  recycle, etc.)
• Actors government, architects, real estate
  developers and managers, construction companies,
  technology suppliers, tenants, material/equipment
  suppliers, public, etc.

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Example Mobility

• Needs to be able to reach places easily, timely
  and comfortably
• Environmental impacts (life-cycle) land use for
  road, material use in making automobiles, roads
  and related facilities, energy consumption and
  pollution emission, automobile wastes, etc.
• New approaches urban planing (location of
  residents, commercial and leisure services),
  public transport, cleaner fuels, design for
  efficiency and recycling, telecommunication
  (working from home, tele-conferencing, on-line
  shopping), diversity of leisure activities
• Actors government, financial institutes,
  automobile manufacturers, public transport
  services, leisure service companies, IT industry,
  etc.

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LC thinking function based approach

• begins with meeting human needs
• encompasses entire production and consumption
  systems with a life cycle perspective - prevents
  piecemeal approach
• builds on existing CP experiences and and
  pollution prevention strategy
• emphasis the role of national and local
  governments - involving a wide range of
  stakeholders
• encourages new economic models and generate new
  sectors and markets

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What is UNEP doing in the region

• Promotion of the 10 years programme on SCP
• Buenos Aires Meeting
• Nicaragua Meeting
• Government experts on SCP council
• Forum of Ministers
• Publications
• Implementation of projects
• Youth X Change
• Environmental Citizenship
• Diploma/training courses etc.

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Contact Us

• For more information please go to
  www.uneptie/pc/
• www.pnuma.org
• email uneptie_at_unep.fr
• industria_at_rolac.unep.mx
• Thank you!