ASSESSMENT OF FIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR MITIGATING ARSENIC IN BANGLADESH WELL WATER

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ASSESSMENT OF FIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR MITIGATING
ARSENIC IN BANGLADESH WELL WATER
ETV-AM Environmental Technology Verification
Arsenic Mitigation Based on an Agreement Between
the Governments of Canada and Bangladesh Funded
by CIDA (Canadian International Development
Agency) A Four Year Program Delivered by Ontario
Centre for Environmental Technology Advancement
www.oceta.on.ca
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The ETV-AM Process

• Screened 25/35 vendor technologies
• Selected 5 technologies
• None of the proponents
• had sufficient scientific test data for
  verification of performance claims.
• ETV-AM field tested each technology at 5 wells in
  Bangladesh

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Field Test Methodology
Preparation SITES 5 hydrogeologically different
regions in Bangladesh TSTPs
Technology-Specific Test Plans WELL
CHARACTERIZATION Chemical analysis of wells to
identify water matrices that challenge the
proponents performance claims.
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Execution of Field Tests

• Field test goal Show what volume (liters) of
  water the technology unit can produce, until
  media breakthrough, meeting the Bangladesh
  drinking water standard of lt 50 ppb for total
  arsenic
• 20 day1 verification test
• At/near maximum production rate, until
  breakthrough, or until the end of 20 days
• Influent and effluent is analysed
• Waste is analysed for chemical data and estimated
  volume
• 1 Testing duration was extended, in some cases,
  to reach media exhaustion

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Quality Control

• Testing agencies trained
• Round robin testing of laboratories
• Chain of custody used
• Sample preservation temperature and time met
• Blind and duplicate samples QC testing
• Reference laboratories used

A Canadian lab QA/QC expert retained by ETV-AM
concluded that the local labs performed the
analyses satisfactorily.
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Third Party Verification CHECKLIST Performance
Claim and Supporting Information

• Operating principles of the technology are
  described and have a sound scientific basis
• The parties involved in the project are
  technically qualified and independent of each
  other this applies to the proponent, the test
  agency, the analytical laboratory and the
  verification entity.
• The test data is credible and complete, with
  evidence of compliance with the QA plan and the
  TSTP (Technology Specific Test Plan)
• Verification applies to the individual technology
  operated at the individual well, with its
  specific water characteristics. For these
  operating conditions, only, the effluent arsenic
  data is used to derive the media lifespan
  cumulative volume of treated water. This
  Performance Claim is proven statistically, at the
  95 confidence level.
• When these conditions are met, the performance
  claim is said to be verified.
• In addition, on the basis of expert judgment
  rather than statistically-based proof,
  additional observations are made on performance
  characteristics.

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Summary Table of Performance and Technology Cost
Technology Name Location Influent Arsenic (ppb) Flow rate (L/min) Volume of Treated Water(L) before attaining Breakthrough (Shortest and Longest) Life Span (Days) Capital Cost Claimed by Proponent (Tk.)
MAGC/ALCAN Manikganj 532 1.34 58 1 1,950
MAGC/ALCAN Faridpur 367 3.2 8,451 187 1,950
READ-F Hajigonj 509 1.0 7,778 172 3,000
READ-F Faridpur 313 0.66 53,280 1184 3,000
SONO 45-25 Hajigonj 294 0.27 251 5 600
SONO 45-25 Faridpur 304 0.22 12660 281 600
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Summary Table of Performance and Technology Cost
Technology Name Location Influent Arsenic (ppb) Flow rate (L/min) Volume of Treated Water(L) before attaining Breakthrough (Shortest Longest) Life Span (Days) Capital Cost Claimed by the Manufacturers (Tk.)
TETRATREAT Manikganj 480 1.37 2,389 5 15,000
TETRATREAT Nawabganj 576 1.8 5,847 12 15,000
AdsorpAs- SIDKO Hajigonj 372 5.35 27,537 12 228,000
AdsorpAs- SIDKO Nawabganj 534 3.47 238,156 106 228,000
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Verification
SONO 45-25 Verified Performance Statement For
the well locations cited in Column 1, the SONO
45-25 Technology was able to produce the
cumulative liters of water cited in Column 2,
with 95 confidence, to below 50 ppb.
EFFLUENT INFLUENT

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Verification
SIDKO Verified Performance Statement For the
well locations cited in Column 1, the AdsorpAs
Granular Ferric Hydroxide Technology was able to
produce the cumulative liters of water cited in
Column 2, with 95 confidence, to below 50
ppb.EFFLUENT INFLUENT

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Verification
MAGC/ALCAN Verified Performance Statement For
the well locations cited in Column 1, the
MAGC/ALCAN Technology was able to produce the
cumulative liters of water cited in Column 2,
with 95 confidence, to below 50 ppb.
EFFLUENT INFLUENT

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Verification
READ-F Verified Performance Statement For the
well locations cited in Column 1, the READ-F
Technology was able to produce the cumulative
liters of water cited in Column 2, with 95
confidence, to below 50 ppb. EFFLUENT
INFLUENT

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General Findings from the Field Tests

• Where a technology did not reach breakthrough in
  the 20 day test, and the last data point was lt 50
  ppb, the media lifespan is undetermined, and
  indicated by gt (liters)
• All technologies removed arsenic to lt 50 ppb,
  providing at least 45 liters in a 12 hour day
  cooking and drinking water for a rural family of
  5
• However, most technologies did not meet their
  stated performance claims for media life.
• Groundwater composition, e.g. phosphate
  concentration, had a significant effect on the
  media life of a given technology.
• None of the spent filter media can be classified
  as hazardous waste according to the US-EPA
  guideline. Tests included
• -Toxicity Characterization Leaching Procedure
  (TCLP)
• -Dutch Total Available Leaching Procedure
  (TALP) Modified Version (modified TCLP with
  rainwater)

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The Provisionally Verified Arsenic Removal
Technologies
Sono 45-25
MAGC/ALCAN
Sidko
READ-F
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The Provisional Verification Certificate

• Issued by BCSIR to a Proponent that passes field
  testing and verification
• Certifies that a specific technology has been
  field tested under the ETV-AM Program, and its
  performance is verified.
• States that technology must be deployed under the
  terms and conditions stated in the Condition for
  Deployment.
• The conditions for Deployment are provided on the
  back of the Certificate itself.
• BCSIR Bangladesh Council for Scientific and
  Industrial Research is the government appointed
  Verification Entity. ETV-AM has a mandate to
  build capacity in Bangladesh, and is assisted by
  Dhaka-based expert advisors.

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Provisional Verification

• Successful proponents will be permitted to sell
  their technology in Bangladesh initially on a
  provisional basis, for 2 years.
• Purpose of Provisional Period To allow for a
  period of technology monitoring, under a range of
  well water conditions, and for a longer period,
  prior to conferring full verification