Make Good Decisons

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Make Good Decisions

• A Personal and Alcohol Safety Program Designed by
  UWM Students for UWM Students

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Overview

• Personal/Peer Safety
• Safe Drinking Practices
• Alcohol Poisoning
• Know Your Neighbors
• Peer Pressure
• Resources

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Personal/Peer Safety

• Dont be a victim
• Your personal safety is up to you!
• Keep your wits about you
• Know your surroundings
• Know who youre with
• A Panther alone is prey
• Avoid walking alone, esp. at night
• Use friends, BOSS or Safewalkers

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UWM Police Tips forPersonal Safety

• See handout for list of personal safety tips
• For additional safety information and tips
• www4.uwm.edu/safety/

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Hypothetical Situation

• Youre at a party at a friend off a friends-
• Which of the following would you feel comfortable
  leaving at the party?
• Cell phone?
• Wallet or purse?

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Hypothetical Situation

• Would you leave your best friend there alone?

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Take Care of a Fellow Panther

• Stay in packs, dont leave a fellow Panther
  behind
• Keep a porch or alley light on
• Help keep another Panther safe
• Protect your property
• Volunteer to be a Neighborhood Watch member

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General Safety Statistics

• 1 out of 6 college women have been raped or have
  been the victim of an attempted rape during the
  past year
• 7 out of 10 rape or sexual assault victims knew
  their attacker
• The most vulnerable population for campus rape
  are freshmen women during the first few months of
  school
• Robberies and muggings are up

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Alcohol StatsEach Year

• Almost 600,000 college students are
  unintentionally injured under the influence of
  alcohol
• 1,700 college students die from alcohol-related
  unintentional injuries
• More than 97,000 college students are victims of
  alcohol-related sexual assault or date rape

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Alcohol StatisticsEach Year

• Each year almost 700,000 college students are
  physically assaulted by another student who has
  been drinking
• More than 100,000 college students reported they
  were too intoxicated to know if they consented to
  having sex
• 2,100,000 college students reported driving under
  the influence in the last year

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UWM Alcohol Data(UW System AOD Survey 2007)

• Alcohol use in the past 30 days
• Students significantly overestimate the frequency
  of AOD use by peers
• 19 did not use alcohol
• 40 drank 1-5x in the past month
• Only 39 report currently drinking more than the
  year before they started college (28 report
  drinking less)

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UWM Alcohol Data (cont.) (UW System AOD Survey
2007)

• Average number of drinks per week
• UWM average- 7.4 drinks/week
• Males averaged 10.0 drinks
• Females averaged 5.1 drinks

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UWM Alcohol Data (cont.)

• However, 13 drinking gt half the days
• 55 binge drink (5 or more drinks/occasion)
• 15 once 15 2x 25 3 or more times in past 2
  weeks
• Typical drinking occasion
• Average of 6.33 drinks (m7.75 f4.99)
• Average BAC.103 (m.100 f.105)
• 55 at or above BAC of 0.08
• 12 at or above BAC of 0.20

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UWM Alcohol Data (cont.)

• Problems due to OWN drinking
• 24 performed poorly on a test, important project
• 14 in trouble with college authorities
• 15 thought they might have a drinking or other
  drug problem
• 8 unsuccessful with attempts to stop using
• 42 had blackouts
• 42 did something they later regretted
• 20 had been hurt or injured
• 26 had unprotected sex
• 11 had experienced unwanted sexual contact
• 5 seriously thought about suicide due to drinking

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UWM Alcohol Data (cont.)

• Problems due to OTHERS drinking
• 31 had studying interrupted
• 26 had personal property or environment damaged
• 18 had class attendance or class activities
  interfered with
• 14 rode with an intoxicated driver
• 17 were made to feel unsafe
• 13 were prevented from enjoying events
• 10 were interfered with in other ways (sleep
  was top write in answer)

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Safe Drinking Practices

• Practices for those to choose to drink
• Respect the right of those who dont drink
• Whether or not to drink is a personal choice

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Safe Drinking Practices

• Dont drink on an empty stomach
• Why?
• Food in the stomach prevents alcohol going into
  the small intestine
• In the small intestine it is very efficiently
  absorbed, more so than in the stomach
• In the stomach, an enzyme ADH (alcohol
  dehydrogenase) metabolizes alcohol to some degree
  before it can be absorbed

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Safe Drinking Practices

• Dont take drinks from strangers
• You dont know whats in it (date rape drug?)
• Dont let your drink out of your sight
• Same reason

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Safe Drinking Practices

• Know your personal limits3 Steps
• Calculate your personal BAC (blood alcohol
  concentration)
• Experiment to know your personal safe drinking
  limit
• Know about the biphasic effects of alcohol

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Safe Drinking Practices

• Biphasic Effects of Alcohol
• In low doses, alcohol can have STIMULATING
  effects resulting in a positive experience
• In higher doses, its effects are DEPRESSANT and
  sedating, more negative in nature
• More is better doesnt apply with drinking for
  most people

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Biphasic Effects of Alcohol
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Identify Ones Ideal BAC

• Establish a starting point for experimentation
• Research suggests BAC between .055-.06 for those
  of average tolerances and no other modifying
  factors
• See also BAC and associated behaviors handout and
  at makegooddecisions.uwm.edu
• Pick a target BAC and calculate the number of
  drinks for your sex, weight and of hours
  drinking to reach that BAC

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Identify Ones Ideal BAC (cont)

• Experiment by drinking to this level
• Those with high tolerances may need 3 weeks or so
  for tolerances to decrease to experience the
  possible effects at these BACs

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Drink for Quality

• Many have not really tested the myth of more is
  better
• When students experiment, many quickly find that
  quality of experience is very different than
  quantity of alcohol

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Be Aware of Alcohol Expectancies

• What are they?
• What students expect to happen when they drink
• What they expect to happen can happen when no
  alcohol is consumed (placebo effect)

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Be Aware of Alcohol Expectancies

• What expectancy effects have been found
• When students thought they were drinking
• Less social inhibition
• Men felt less socially anxious
• Men also felt more sexual arousal
• Many women actually reported feeling LESS relaxed
  and felt more social anxiety

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Alcohol Effects Can Vary

• When setting ones BAC and planning drinking, be
  aware that the same amount of alcohol can have
  different effects at different times depending
  on
• Fatigue level
• Pre-drinking mood
• Use of medications
• Food in stomach before and during drinking
• Expectations for alcohols effects

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After setting a limit, stick to it

• Clearly set your limit BEFORE drinking
• A limit set after is likely to be higher, or not
  set at all
• Count Your Drinks
• Be aware of how quickly your are drinking them
• Be ready to stand your ground if pressured to
  drink more
• Anticipate pressure and how youll respond
• Develop your best ways of how to say No

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Drink Sizes But I Only Had One!!!
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But I Only Had One
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Whats ONE Drink

• One standard drink sizes
• 12 oz of most domestic beers
• 10 oz of many microbrew beers, wine coolers or
  malt liquor
• 5 oz of most table wines
• 1.5 oz (about 1 shot) of many hard liquors
• 1.25 oz of 100 proof liquor
• Approx 0.5 oz of Everclear

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Avoid Drinks of Unknown Potency

• Punches can be especially deceiving as high
  amounts of alcohol are not often noticed
• Punch and strongly made mixed drinks are popular
  date rape drinks

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Avoid Drinking Shots

• It can lead to
• Drinking beyond limit before one knows it
• Rapid drinking
• Before the first shot is felt, there can be
  significant amounts of alcohol in the stomach
• Not very filling

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Avoid Drinking Games

• Very easy to lose count/not pay attention to how
  much ones consuming
• Often harder to say when with peers due to
  pressure
• Once one starts losing, more likely to lose more,
  esp. in games of skill/coordination
• Can be used as date rape games
• Too easy to too quickly lose control in too many
  ways

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Alternate Beverages

• Alternate non-alcohol and alcoholic beverages
• Especially when drinking over an extended period
  of time
• One drink per hour will actually lead to
  gradually increasing BACs over time for most
  drinkers

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Dont Drink and Drive

• Accidents due to alcohol use are the leading
  cause of death for college aged persons
• Legal sanctions for DUI are high
• Any BAC for students under 21 are grounds for
  legal sanctions

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Additional Tips

• Additional tips on How to Cut Down Your
  Drinking see Handout or
• http//pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/handout.ht
  m

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Gender Differences in Response to Alcohol
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Gender Differences in Response to Alcohol

• Following gender differences in BACs and alcohol
  effects based upon research
• Differences are GROUP differences that are
  statistically significant
• There are numerous individual exceptions of both
  genders to these findings

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Gender Differences

• Even when weight is held constant, women will
  become more intoxicated on the same amount of
  alcohol
• Men have more ADH in their stomachs (metabolizes
  alcohol before its absorbed)
• In general, men have greater percentage of
  muscle, blood and water content (diluting alcohol
  and lowering BAC)

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Gender Differences (cont)

• - A 120 lb. woman drinking four 12-oz regular
  beers over a 2-hour period (BAC approx. .112)
• A 120 lb. man drinking four 12-oz regular beers
  over a 2-hour period. (BAC approx. .088)
• A 180 lb. man drinking four 12-oz regular beers
  over 2-hour period. (BAC approx. .044)
• A180 lb. man drinking seven 12-oz regular beers
  over a 4-hour period. (BAC approx. .072)
• A 120 lb. woman drinking seven 12-oz regular
  beers over a 4-hour period. (BAC approx. .191)

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Gender Differences (cont)

• Gender differences in alcohol's effects
• Sex differences re sexual intent and perception
  of signals under alcohols influence
• Men tend to misperceive women as having more
  sexual interest in them (over sexualize signals)
  as men also become more sexually aroused
• Women tend to miss signals of sexual interest in
  them by men (under sexualize signals)

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Gender Differences (cont)

• Gender differences in alcohol's effects on
  perception of sexual signals
• How often does this lead to mixed signals and
  conflict?
• Is this a contributing factor to sexual assault?

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Alcohol Poisoning

• What is it?
• Excessive alcohol intake that depresses breathing
  or the gag reflex to the point that one risks
  cessation of breathing or choking on ones vomit
• BACs can continue to rise after passing out

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Alcohol Poisoning (cont.)

• What is a lethal BAC?
• 50 of persons will die if they reach 0.45
  however overdose can happen at 0.30 or even much
  lower levels if medications are also taken

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Alcohol Poisoning/Overdose

• Some medications combined with alcohol multiply
  each others effects, greatly increasing the risk
  of overdose
• Especially dangerous is combining alcohol and
  prescription pain meds, other narcotics,
  downers/anxiety meds, or muscle relaxers

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Alcohol Poisoning/Overdose(cont.)

• Increased risk is also associated with combining
  alcohol with over the counter medications such as
  cold/allergy meds
• http//pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Medicine/me
  dicine.htm for a complete list of alcohol/drug
  interactions

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Alcohol Poisoning (cont.)

• What symptoms should I look for?
• Person is unconscious or semi-conscious and
  cannot be awakened
• Cold, clammy, pale or bluish skin or lips
• Slow breathing lt8 times/min or irregular with 10
  sec or more between breaths
• Vomiting while sleeping or passed out or not
  waking up after vomiting

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Alcohol Poisoning (cont.)

• What should one do?
• 1) GET HELP IMMEDIATELY-CALL 911
• 2) Do not leave the person alone
• 3) Turn the person on their side to prevent
  choking
• 4) Attempt to assess if the person took any
  other drugs to assist medical personnel if
  their assessment/ treatment

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Safe Party Hosting

• Know your neighbors
• Be courteous
• Be respectful
• www.offcampuswwu.com/neighbor.html
• Inform neighbors of an upcoming party and
  exchange phone numbers
• Party hosting tips at
• www.aux.uwm.edu/nho/NHO_brochures/House_Party_Guid
  e.pdf
• www.offcampuswwu.com/4a.html

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Attending A Party

• See guidelines at
• www.offcampuswwu.com/4b.html
• Prevent Getting a Police Citation
• Prevent You or Someone Else from Getting
  Dangerously Intoxicated
• Prevent You or Someone Else from Getting Sexually
  or Physically Assaulted
• If You Are Sexually Assaulted
• Tips for Leaving Gracefully

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Positive Peer Pressure

• Good friends dont let friends
• This may be critically important when alcohol or
  other substance use impairs judgment and
  increases impulsive behavior
• Do we intervene if friends are beginning to do
  things that could ruin their lives?
• Do we show positive leadership in the groups of
  which we are a part?

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Negative Peer Pressure

• Do we recognize subtle aspects of it?
• Are we ready to stand up against it?
• For ourselves
• For others in the groups
• Do we know how we can resist it?
• If not, we can learn how to, in a way that fits
  for us
• Periodically review the groups we are in
• Are they consistent with our values?
• Do they help us achieve our personal goals?
• If not, look for more positive groups

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UWM and Other Resources
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E-CHUGe-CHUG.uwm.edu
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E-CHUGwww.e-CHUG.uwm.edu

• Gives feedback in the key areas that have been
  correlated with later alcoholism for college-aged
  students
• Other personally relevant drinking info
• Designed for college student populations
• Research has shown its effectiveness in reducing
  harmful drinking
• Anonymous/confidential/non-threatening

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UWM AODA Resources

• Self-Assessment- e-CHUG.uwm.edu
• Norris Health Center- (AODA Mental Health)
• Paul Dupont Norris Counseling Unit 229-4716-
  Individual and group counslg.
• BASICS (Alcohol) Program-
• Colleen Bernstein 229-6668
• Laura Stuart 229-2919
• UWM Police Alcohol Diversion Program
• For first UWM issued underage drinking ticket
  229-4627

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Other AODA Resources

• Support Groups
• Narcotics Anonymous (NA)
• www.wisconsinna.org
• Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
• www.aamilwaukee.com
• SMART Recovery- Professionally facilitated groups
  and online groups
• www.smartrecovery.org
• Women for Sobriety
• www.womenforsobriety.org
• Online- www.rationalrecovery.org

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Other Resources

• MakeGoodDecisions.uwm.edu link to BAC
  calculator, resource links, alcohol and other
  safety information, tips for on how to help a
  friend and for safer drinking personal stories.
• See list of various other community AODA
  assessment and treatment options on handout
• http//pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Medicine/me
  dicine.htm Information about which medications
  are unsafe when combined with alcohol

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Help Others to Stay Safe, Have Fun and
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This Project is Now in YOUR Hands!

• How Will You Take This Information Forward?

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How Can You Take This Forward?

• An educational/training program as a whole
• Part of this content as a mini-educational/awarene
  ss program
• Market some of the concepts (e.g. safe drinking
  practices) in posters/articles/flyers
• One-time or series (e.g. safety tip of the
  month)

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How Can You Take This Forward?

• Market makegooddecisions.uwm.edu website
• Informal discussions with other students
• Promo items to foster discussion
• Other ideas

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Evaluation

• We need it for our funding source
• We need to know what works and what doesnt work
• Evaluate your program(s)
• How many attended?
• Post-test evaluations important (in packet)
• Post-tests can be modified to fit the
  content/goals of your program
• Contact Paul Dupont at 229-2927 or pdupont_at_uwm.edu