DOE High Energy Physics Briefing to the Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee

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DOE High Energy Physics Briefing to
theAstronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee

• Kathy Turner
• Office of High Energy Physics
• DOE Office of Science
• See www.science.doe.gov/hep/index.shtm
• Oct. 12, 2006

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DOE Office of High Energy Physics (HEP)717M in
FY06

• Understand the unification of fundamental
  particles and forces and the mysterious forms of
  unseen energy and matter that dominate the
  universe
• Search for possible new dimensions of space
• Investigate the nature of time itself.

Includes the understanding of the connections
between the physics of elementary particles and
the physics that determines the structure of the
universe, leading to the investigation of very
high energy cosmic acceleration mechanisms HEP
Office supports 90 of U.S. High Energy Physics
and coordinates with NSF, NASA and international
efforts
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DOE Office of High Energy Physics (HEP)

• Accelerator-based physics is our primary tool.
• Non-accelerator physics growing and important
  sector
• Atmospheric and solar neutrinos SuperK,
  KamLAND, SNO RD for future
• Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology to study dark
  matter, dark energy, high energy cosmic rays,
  high energy gamma rays
• Currently GLAST, Auger, VERITAS, SDSS, CDMS-II,
  AMS, AXION RD for future

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DOE High Energy Physics up 8 inFY 2007
Presidents Budget Request
(M)
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HEP budget up 8 in the FY2007 Request.

• International Linear Collider RD Doubled from
  30M to 60M
• Full operations at Fermilab Tevatron and SLAC B
  Factory
• Preparing for LHC operations
• Detector commissioning/computers/software up 5
  in FY2007
• US participation in collaboration up CMS is
  30 US participants ATLAS 25.
• Dark Energy funding up by 10M from 3M.
• Advanced Accelerator RD 28M -gt 33M
• Core research program at the universities up 5.
• Neutrinos Preliminary engineering design for an
  electron neutrino appearance experiment at
  Fermilab and Construction start for Reactor
  Neutrino Experiment at Daya Bay (China)

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Non-Accelerator Physics Funding (k)
Presidents Request Project Funds fy03 fy
04 fy05 fy06 fy07 VERITAS -- 1,600 2,050 1,14
9 -- Auger 1,230 1,000 -- -- -- AMS 1,500 -- --
-- -- CDMS 790 550 -- -- -- GLAST/LAT 8,501 7,900
11,421 -- -- Reactor Neutrino 3,000 RD fy0
3 fy 04 fy05 fy06 fy07 SNAP
3,065 2,950 2,762 2,900 7,500 Generic Dark
Energy 5,000 Scientific Research (operating
budget) labs 16,384 19,713 21,434 27,784 25,957
univ. 12,300 13,565 15,871 18,320 17,760 TOTAL 4
4M 47M 54M 50M 59M
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DOE Office of Science FY07 budget status

• Office of Science
• The Administration requested 4,101.7 million for
  the Office of Science for FY 2007, an increase of
  14.1 over the current budget of 3,596.4 million
  See http//www.aip.org/fyi/2006/022.html
• The House-passed bill would provide 4,131.7
  million, an increase of 14.1 over the current
  budget plus an additional 30 million for
  earmarked projects. See http//www.aip.org/fyi/20
  06/068.html
• The Senate's version would provide 4,241.1
  million, an increase of 16.6 plus an additional
  48.6 million for earmarks.
• Office of HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
• Current budget 716.7 million
• Administration request 775.1 million (Up 8.1
  over the current
• budget)
• House bill 775.1 million (Up 8.1)
• Senate bill 766.8 million (Up 7.0)
• We are now on a Continuing Resolution until a
  budget is passed.

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Relevant Advisory Panels

• HEPAP (High Energy Physics Advisory Panel)
  reports to DOE and NSF
• AAAC (Astronomy Astrophysics Advisory
  Committee) reports to DOE, NASA, NSF
• Subpanels Reports to Topic(s) Reports
  Due/Approved
• Task Force for HEPAP AAAC Roadmap future
  initiatives Oct 2005
• CMB Research (TFCR)
• P5 HEPAP Roadmap new initiatives Final Draft
  Oct. 2006
• Neutrino
• Science
• Advisory Group HEPAP NSAC Double Beta Decay
  Expts Sept 2005 Reactor and off-axis
  expts Feb 2006
• Dark Energy HEPAP AAAC Roadmap July 2006
• Task Force (DETF)
• Dark Matter HEPAP AAAC priorities strategy
  for direct December 2006
• Science Advisory detection of dark matter

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Dark Energy Task Force
DETF was a subpanel of both HEPAP and AAAC Their
final report was released in June 2006 and it was
transmitted by HEPAP to DOE-HEP on July 17, 2006
and by AAAC to DOE-HEP on June 30, 2006. See
http//www.nsf.gov/mps/ast/detf.jsp From the
report Dark Energy could be Einsteins
cosmological constant, new exotic form of matter
or may signify a breakdown in Einsteins GR. To
date, there are no compelling theoretical
explanations for The dark energy, therefore,
observational exploration must be the focus No
single technique can answer the outstanding
questions - need combinations of at least two of
these techniques, at least one of which is a
probe sensitive to the growth of cosmological
structure in the form of galaxies and clusters of
galaxies. Recommends medium term (stage III) and
longer term (stage IV) program. Stage III should
improve the DETF figure of merit by at least a
factor of 3 and stage IV by at least a factor of
10. ? DETF FOM reciprocal of the area of the
error ellipse enclosing the 95 confidence limit
in the w0wa plane. Recommends that high
priority for near-term funding should be given to
projects that improve our Understanding of the
dominant systematic effects
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P5 subpanel

• P5 Particle Physics Project Prioritization
  Panel
• ? They are recommending a prioritized roadmap for
  the HEP program.
• Status report was presented at HEPAP in June 06
• See http//www.science.doe.gov/hep/P5InterimRptChg
  2June2006.pdf
• Final Draft Report is being submitted to HEPAP
  today for approval.
• See presentation at http//www.science.doe.gov/hep
  /HEPAP/Oct2006/SeidenP5HEPAPtalkOctober2006.pdf
• Recommendations
• ILC LHC energy frontier accelerators
• Dark Energy, Dark Matter Reactor Neutrino
  experiments
• Start DES, CDMS 25kg experiment and Daya Bay
  construction in FY08
• Support for LSST and SNAP to bring these to
  Preliminary Design Review stage over a 2 or 3 yr
  timeframe
• DOE work with NASA to ensure that a space mission
  can be carried out and that the 3 potential
  approaches are properly evaluated
• RD funding for DUSEL (underground lab) and
  funding towards experiments using this facility
• Start construction on NOvA long baseline
  neutrino experiment
• Construction of the muon g-2 experiment at
  Brookhaven

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NRC PanelElementary Particle Physics in the 21st
Century (EPP2010)

• Draft report release on 4/28/06
  www.nationalacademies.org/bpa/epp2010.html
• Recommendations
• Fully exploit the opportunities for U.S.
  involvement at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at
  CERN
• Comprehensive program to become the world-leading
  center for RD for the International Linear
  Collider (ILC) and mount a compelling to build it
  in the U.S.
• Expand the program in particle astrophysics and
  pursue an internationally coordinated, staged
  program in neutrino physics.
• further recommendations

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Current Efforts in our Program

• Dark Energy current operating experiments
• Nearby Supernova Factory (SNFactory) continues
  operations measurements of nearby supernovae
  needed for systematics control for future
  projects (LBNL leads, Yale et al)
• Supernova Cosmology Project (LBNL leads
  collaboration)
• Operations continuing using ground telescopes
  Hubble Space Telescope measurements to collect
  statistics and refine results
• Sloan Digital Sky Survey (FNAL leads NSF
  funding, universities, foreign)
• Baryon oscillations galaxy clusters
• Next I will talk about
• Dark Energy RD for future
• Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays
• High Energy Gamma Rays
• Dark Matter Anti-matter

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Office of High Energy Physics ProgramSupernova
Cosmology Project (SCP)
LBNL-led SCP was 1 of 2 teams that did initial
discovery of the acceleration of the universe -
established the new field of supernova cosmology
and, more generally, dark energy studies
SCPs major HST program this year (2006)
Search for SNe in dust-free elliptical galaxies
in (z 1) clusters
First results from SNLS SuperNova Legacy Survey
Collaboration
20 very high redshift (zgt1) SNe discovered
Astier et al., AA 447, 31 (2006)
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Office of High Energy Physics ProgramSloan
Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)
Data ? - Galaxy surveys, dark matter, dark
energy astronomy - June 2006 5th public data
release Now have data on 8000 square degrees of
sky, with 1,048,960 spectra. Taking data since
1998 - Approved for additional data-taking thru
summer 2008 Funding Sloan Foundation, NSF, DOE,
Japan, Germany Science News Jan. 2005 first
baryon oscillation measurement
Mosaic Imaging Camera
Telescope in New Mexico
640 fiber spectrograph
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Dark Energy Planning Future

• Planning program in view of DETF and P5 reports
• Funding RD for SuperNova Acceleration Probe
  (SNAP) experiment
• SNAP is one of the mission concepts for the
  DOE/NASA JDEM
• We have been funding RD to develop the concept
  since 2000
• FY06 2.9M, FY07 request 7.5M
• Theyre working on mission concept studies for
  NASA, called SNAP-L (600M capped mission) --
  this is one of the 3 teams that are funded to do
  these studies.
• RD funds through labs (FNAL, SLAC, BNL) for last
  several years to develop concepts
• - DES (Dark Energy Survey)
• - LSST (Large-scale Synoptic Survey Telescope)
• - Current plan for DES and LSST is in the range
  of 2M to 3M for FY07
• In FY07 Presidential Request, additional RD of
  5M available ground and/or space concepts
  will be selected DETF will guide us planning
  method to determine distribution of funds
• funding levels reflect tentative plan which may
  change based upon advice from DETF and other
  relevant considerations
• Investigating future space and/or ground
  telescopes in cooperation with NASA and NSF
  exploring participation with international
  partners.

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Pierre Auger high energy cosmic ray detector
array (collaboration w/NSF foreign partners)
Scientific goal is to observe, understand and
characterize the very highest energy cosmic rays.
Collaboration as 350 members from 18
countries Installed over 3000 km2 site in
Argentina
Water Cherenkov surface detectors
Partial operations have started construction
expected to be completed by early 2007. First
science results presented at conference in Aug.
2005. ? Current status (as of end of July 2006)
- 18 (out of 24) fluorescence telescopes
operating last building housing 6 telescopes
under construction complete by October - 1186
(out of 1600) surface Cherenkov detectors
deployed, 984 operating - some problems with
site access for final 300 surface detectors
negotiating with landowners
Fluorescence telescopes
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VERITAS(Very Energetic Radiation Imaging
Telescope Array System)

• Scientific Purpose Study of celestial sources
  of very high energy gamma-ray sources in the
  energy range of 50 GeV- 50 TeV search for dark
  matter candidates
• Uses atmospheric Cherenkov 4- telescope array
• Collaboration NSF, DOE contributions from
  Smithsonian foreign institutions
• Schedule Fabrication scheduled for completion
  at end of FY 2006, however
• Status In April 2005, work at Kitt Peak was
  stopped so National Environmental Policy Act
  (NEPA) process could be redone according to
  specifications, in response to suit filed by
  Tohono Oodham Indian Nation.
• NSF is leading the NEPA process with DOE acting
  as cooperating agency.
• Had government to government meeting with
  Tohono Oodham Nation in January 2006 NSF had
  another meeting with the T.O. in May Waiting
  now to see T.O. response
• Plan is to install and commission the telescopes
  at the Whipple Basecamp while waiting for Kitt
  Peak access by end of 2006 - An engineering run
  will start in 2007.

Picture taken June 2006 3 telescopes installed
at basecamp.
Telescope 1
Artists conception
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Large Area Telescope (LAT) on GLAST Mission
High energy gamma rays from space - Measure
energy and direction from 20 MeV to 300 GeV over
a wide field of view - Acceleration mechanisms,
dark matter

• LAT is the primary instrument on NASAs Gamma-ray
  Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) mission
• -- Collaboration between NASA, DOE, France,
  Italy, Japan, Sweden managed at SLAC.
• LAT instrument fabrication complete in Jan 06
• Shipped from SLAC to NRL for thermal,
  vibration, acoustic testing in May 2006
• Shipped to Phoenix (General Dynamics) for
  integration on spacecraft in Sept. 2006
• GLAST launch scheduled for Oct/Nov 2007
• Successful DOE/NASA partnership!

Large Area Telescope October 2005
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Cryogenic Dark Matter Search
Purpose direct detection of Weakly Interacting
Massive Particles (WIMPS) Location - Soudan Mine
in Minnesota Data-taking partial operations
started in 2003, full operations with 5 towers
starting soon will continue in FY07
CDMS detector
Results April 2005 set the world's lowest
exclusion limits on the WIMP cross section by a
factor of 10 compared to other experiments,
ruling out a significant range of neutralino
supersymmetric models. Also have Axion Dark
Matter Search (ADMX) experiment at Lawrence
Livermore Lab in California another possible
form of Dark Matter
Blue line new results Dotted Blue line
expected full results
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AMS - Alpha Magnetic Spectrometerw/NASA
foreign partners

• Search for dark matter, missing matter
  antimatter on the International Space Station
• Prototype (AMS-01) took data on STS-91 in 1998
• AMS-02 fabrication complete in 2005 integration
  and test to be completed in 2007
• Plan is for a Shuttle Launch and deployment on
  ISS -- launch date is currently unknown.

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DOE/NASA Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM)
History Status
? I was asked to describe the JDEM history and
status and also to describe the Congressional
language that DOE has been given.

• Determining the nature of dark energy is a high
  priority science objective for both DOE and NASA.
  
• 1999 SNAP team starts developing a concept
  using internal lab-awarded funds
• 2000 DOE-HEP starts providing some RD funds
  for SNAP
• April 2002 The report by NRCs Committee on the
  Physics of the Universe (the Turner panels
• Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos report)
  recommended three new non-prioritized
  initiatives,
• one of which is to determine the properties of
  dark energy. The Committee recommended that
• NASA and DOE work together to construct a wide
  field telescope in space to determine the
• expansion history of the universe and full probe
  the nature of the dark energy. See
  http//www.nap.edu/catalog/10079.html
• November 2003 DOE and NASA are planning a JDEM
  and developed a draft agreement to
• coordinate a plan. The draft agreement includes
  a strawman organization of the joint project,
• including management structure, agency
  responsibilities and the process for selecting
  the science
• team. There will be a mission concept study
  phase followed by a joint DOE and NASA
• Announcement of Opportunity call for mission
  proposals and an open competition to select the
• science team. See http//www.science.doe.gov/hep
  /JDEM20Reports.shtm

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DOE/NASA Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM)
History Status

• FY2003 - NASA ran a competition in FY03 for
  mission concept study funds for the Dark Energy
  Probe. Two proposals, SNAP and DESTINY, received
  a small amount of funds (in FY2004?) and another
  3 groups received funds to investigate how they
  could contribute to SNAP.
• April 2004 The 2004 report from the National
  Science and Technology Council (NSTC) provided a
  Federal cross-agency strategic plan, The Physics
  of the Universe for discovery at the
  intersection of physics and astronomy in response
  to the NRCs Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos
  report. The NSTC report listed dark energy
  measurements as its highest priority, proposing a
  multi-pronged strategy. The report recommended
  that NASA and DOE develop a Joint Dark Energy
  Mission and said this mission would best serve
  the scientific community if launched by the
  middle of the next decade
• See http//www7.nationalacademies.org/bpa/OSTP
  Q2C Response Draft.pdf
• November 2004 A science definition team was
  formed in Fall 2004 first meeting Nov. 2004.
• FY2004 -- JDEM is the Dark Energy Probe in NASAs
  Beyond Einstein program, which was approved in
  their FY 2004 budget, though only LISA and Con-X
  were funded for development at that time. JDEM
  is also included in their recent roadmaps.

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DOE/NASA Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM)
History Status

• Feb 2006
• FY07 Presidents Budget for NASA budget shows
  funding available for one of the five
• Beyond Einstein missions to starting in FY2009.
• Aug. 2006
• NASA has recently announced that it will fund 3
  teams for mission concepts
• studies beginning in FY07. The concepts chosen
  all include a wide field telescope with
• associated camera and other instruments in space,
  but vary on the scientific methods
• ADEPT, DESTINY, SNAP
• Summer 2006
• OSTP starts holding meetings again with the
  agencies involved in the Physics of the
  Universe report to follow the progress.
• Fall 2006
• A National Academy panel is being formed, under
  the auspices of the Space
• Studies Board and the Board on Physics and
  Astronomy, to do a study on the Beyond
• Einstein program to determine which of the five
  missions should go first and will report
• in September 2007. This study is being funded by
  DOE and NASA.

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JDEM-related Congressional Directions

• July, 2005 - Text from HR 4818, FY 2005 Omnibus
  Appropriations Bill
• The conferees encourage the Department to
  proceed with the Dark Energy Mission even if the
  primary science of the mission and mission
  development must be pursued by the Department so
  as to avoid schedule delays resulting from
  implementing the mission jointly with NASA.
  International cooperation and appropriate launch
  arrangements should be pursued where appropriate.
  The conferees recognize that an excellent and
  energized science team has been assembled for
  this exciting mission.
• DOE is investigating foreign partners, but is
  still going forward assuming we are doing
• JDEM with NASA.
• Dec. 2005 NASA Authorization Act
• (d) JOINT DARK ENERGY MISSION.The Administrator
  and the Director of the Department of Energy
  Office of Science shall jointly transmit to the
  Committee on Science of the House of
  Representatives and the Committee on Commerce,
  Science, and Transportation of the Senate, not
  later than July 15, 2006, a report on plans for a
  Joint Dark Energy Mission. The report shall
  include the amount of funds each agency intends
  to expend on the Joint Dark Energy Mission for
  each of the fiscal years 2007 through 2011, and
  any specific milestones for the development and
  launch of the Mission.
• We submitted the joint report.

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JDEM-related Congressional Directions

• May 15, 2006
• From the House Energy Water Subcommittee Markup
  report, p. 95
• Over the past few years, the Committee has
  consistently supported the DOE/NASA Joint Dark
  Energy Mission (JDEM), a space probe to help
  answer the fundamental physics question of our
  time what is the "dark energy" that constitutes
  the majority of the universe. Answering this
  question is among the top priorities of the
  physics community and of the Office of Science,
  and the Committee strongly believes that this
  initiative should move forward. DOE has done its
  part, developing the SuperNova Acceleration Probe
  (SNAP) as the DOE mission concept for JDEM.
  Unfortunately, NASA has failed to budget and
  program for launch services for JDEM.
  Unfortunately, in spite of best intentions, the
  multi-agency aspect of this initiative poses
  insurmountable problems that imperil its future.
  
• Therefore, the Committee directs the Department
  to begin planning for a single-agency dark energy
  mission with a launch in fiscal year 2013. The
  Committee directs DOE to explore other launch
  options, including cooperative international
  approaches and the procurement of private launch
  services, to get the SNAP platform into space.
  DOE is to report back to the House and Senate
  Appropriations Committees, not later than March
  2, 2007, on the cost and feasibility of a
  single-agency mission, including the use of
  alternative launch options. The Committee will
  consider providing further guidance on this issue
  in the fiscal year 2008 appropriations bill and
  report.

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JDEM-relatedCongressional Directions

• June 28, 2006
• - From the Senate Energy and Water Committee
  Mark-up of the FY07 - Appropriations Bill, under
  the HEP section...
• The High Energy Physics program has many
  promising opportunities to advance our
  understanding of the universe and its makeup.
  However, the Department must make important
  decisions about the future of this program,
  including balancing the immediate opportunities
  provided through the Joint Dark Energy Mission
  and large future investments in the International
  Linear Collider.
• "International Linear Collider.-The Committee
  provides 45,000,000, an increase of 15,000,000
  above current year levels, to support
  pre-conceptual research to support the U.S. ILC
  effort within the Accelerator Development,
  International Linear Collider RD activities.
• "The Committee has consistently demonstrated its
  support of the Department's initiative to launch
  a space probe to answer the fundamental physics
  question of our time -- what is the "dark energy"
  that constitutes the majority of the universe?
  The committee strongly believes that this
  initiative should move forward. Unfortunately,
  the multi-agency aspect of this initiative faces
  insurmountable problems that imperil its future,
  and the Department risks losing a world-class
  scientific team. The Committee is concerned that
  the joint mission between the Department of
  Energy and NASA is untenable because of NASA's
  reorganization and change in focus towards manned
  space flight. The Committee directs the
  Department to immediately begin planning for a
  single-agency space-based dark energy mission and
  to conduct a peer-reviewed competition to select
  a single winning proposal based both upon the
  quality of science and the overall cost to the
  Department. The competition should be initiated
  by the end of calendar year 2006 and completed in
  2007 with the goal of a launch in fiscal year
  2013. The Committee encourages the Department to
  aggressively explore potential domestic and
  international partnerships and launch options to
  help defray the cost of the missions. The
  Committee provides 74,271,000 for
  Non-Accelerator Physics, and increase of
  15,000,000 above the request to support the
  Joint Dark Energy Mission.
• The Committee has moved 8,310,000 from the
  Theoretical Physics to the High Energy Density
  Physics account."