Countdown to Elementary Science TAKS

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Countdown to Elementary Science TAKS

• April 2008

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Nature of Science
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What is the nature of science?

• Proper laboratory tools to collect data.
• Make measurements using laboratory tools.
• Use the scientific process to problem solve and
  evaluate scientific situations.
• Evaluate models.
• Evaluate promotional materials.

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Example of experiments
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Example of experiments
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Experiment with one variable
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Numbers increase by 2's
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Percents increase by 10's
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Make a Graph Using Data
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Evaluate Models
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Evaluate Models
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Evaluate Promotional Materials
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Laboratory Tools for Measurement
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Measurement Reading a Balance
Triple Beam Balance
Pan Balance
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Measurement
Measure missing object
Measure/compare lengths using metric measurement
Measure differences
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Laboratory Tools
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Laboratory Tools
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Life Science
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Life Science

• Ecosystems
• the setting in which people, animals, or plants
  live
• there are many types of ecosystems
• each organism that lives in an ecosystem needs
  food, water, and living space to succeed
• the place an organism lives within the ecosystem
  is called its habitat

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Types of Ecosystems
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Food Webs/Food Chains
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Remember

• Producer
• Consumer
• Decomposer
• Carnivore
• Herbivore
• Omnivore
• Predator
• Prey

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Niche

• Many organisms share a habitat
• Only one organism can occupy a niche
• A niche is what a species does in its habitat
• A niche describes how the species meets its needs
  and how it affects other organisms

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Adaptation

• The ability of an organism to adapt to its
  surroundings determines if they
• survive and thrive
• perish

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Reasons for Adaptation
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Life Cycles

• Predictable patterns of change
• Plants and animals have life cycles
• Cycles repeat and are predictable

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Life Cycle of a Frog
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Life Cycle of a Butterfly

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Life Cycle of an Insect
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Life Cycle of a Plant
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Life Cycle of a Human
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Comparing Cycles
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Comparing Cycles
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Comparing Cycles
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Traits and Behaviors

• Common inherited traits
• Things you are born with
• Common learned characteristics
• Things you are taught

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Learned or Inherited
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Physical Science
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What is Matter?

• Matter is anything that has
• mass
• occupies space
• There are 3 states of matter
• Solids
• Liquids
• Gases

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States of Matter

• Solids
• Specific shape
• Specific size
• Specific volume
• Does not change it size or shape

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States of Matter

• Liquids
• Take the shape of its container
• Have a specific volume
• Have a specific size

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States of Matter

• Gases
• Take the shape of its container
• Have no specific volume
• Have no specific size

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Vocabulary of Matter

• Mass/weight
• Magnetism
• Gravity
• Volume
• Density/Buoyancy
• Physical State
• Ability to conduct/insulate heat, sound,
  electricity

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Describe the Physical Properties of
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Other Physical Properties
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Conductors

• Conductors allow passage of energy
• Name some conductors of sound
• Name some conductors of heat
• Name some conductors of electricity

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Insulators

• Insulators prevent the passage of energy
• Name some insulators of sound
• Name some insulators of heat
• Name some insulators of electricity

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Mixtures

• A mixture is a substance made by combining two or
  more different materials in such a way that no
  chemical reaction occurs.
• A mixture can usually be separated back into its
  original components.
• Some examples of mixtures are a tossed salad,
  salt water and a mixed bag of MM's candy.

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Solution

• A solution is a
• Mixture of two or more substances that are evenly
  distributed throughout
• An example of a solution is lemonade made up of
• Water
• Lemon juice
• Sugar
• Name examples of other solutions

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Types of Energy

• Chemical
• Physical
• Light
• Sound
• Electrical

• Heat
• Mechanical
• Magnetic
• Solar

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Critical Attributes of Energy

• Sound vibrates
• Light reflects/refracts
• Electricity and circuits
• Heat with conduction/convection
• Energy in a food chain
• Energy in the water cycle
• Sunlight in photosynthesis

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The Flow of Energy
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The Flow of Energy
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Force, Motion, Change

• How does force cause motion
• Pushes
• Pulls
• How does force slow or stop motion
• Friction
• Gravity

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What would happen if?

• A large marble comes into contact with a small
  marble.
• A fully blown balloon is released.
• A large ball and a small ball roll down a hill.
• A girl hangs on a rope with weights at both ends
  and then lets go of the rope.

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Predicting Outcomes

• This is an illustration of a simple system.
• What are its working parts?
• How do the parts work together?
• What will most likely happen?

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Predicting Outcomes

• This is an illustration of a simple system.
• What are its working parts?
• How do the parts work together?
• What will most likely happen?

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Earth Science
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Things to know

• Earth's structures and materials
• Earth processes
• The past vs. the present
• Systems and cycles that help shape the surface of
  the earth
• The Solar System.
• The Sun/Earth/Moon

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Layers of the Earth
Crust Mantle Core
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Earth's Resources
Resources that can be replaced by nature as they
are used.
A resource that cannot be readily
replacednonreplaceable
A resource that has an endless supplynever ending
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Forces that Can Change the Earth's Surface

• Erosion
• Weathering
• Deposition
• Glaciers
• Volcanoes

• Earthquakes
• Flooding
• Landslides/mudslides
• Tsunamis

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Are these changes rapid or slow?
wave
wind
volcano
river
tides
tornado
tsunami
plate movements
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Some Physical Features of the Earth

• Mountains
• Islands
• Glaciers
• Valleys
• oceans

• Beaches
• Rivers
• Volcanoes
• Canyons

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What caused.
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Plate Tectonics

• What happens when plates
• interact?
• Earthquakes
• Mountains
• Volcanoes
• Ridges

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How can we learn about the past?

• Fossils
• Rocks
• Tree Rings

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Significance of Fossils
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Significance of Tree Rings
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Sedimentary Rock Layers
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Space Science

• Things to know
• Positions of planets in relation to the sun
• Relationships between the Earth and Moon and the
  Earth/Moon/Sun
• Characteristics of the Sun
• Function of the Sun
• Physical characteristics of the Earth/Moon
• Earth materials and objects in the sky
• Patterns of change occur in cycles

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Planets in Relation to the Sun
What is the order of the planets in relation to
the Sun? Describe what a good model of the Solar
System would look like.
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Characteristics of the Sun

• black spots on it called Sunspots that are
  actually cool spots