The Five Pillars of Islam

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The Five Pillars of Islam

• Mr. Majewski
• GRHS - 2008
• Grade 8

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Key Terms in this Section

• 5 Pillars
• Shahadah
• Salat
• Zakaat
• Sawm
• Hajj
• kiswah

• Mosque
• Quran or Koran
• Mecca
• Black Stone
• Kabaa
• Muhammad
• Khadijia
• Tawaf
• Adhan
• Muadhin

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Daily Opener 1/12/10

• Activating Prior Knowledge Islam
• Make a list of (10) facts, terms, information
  you know, or think you know about the religion of
  Islam.
• 1. 6.
• 2. 7.
• 3. 8.
• 4. 9.
• 5. 10.

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Allah

• The Muslim name for God.

Fact It is considered inappropriate to show
pictures of Muhammad.
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Islam

• Submission to the will of Allah.

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Quran or Koran

• The most holy book of the Muslim faith.

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Mosque

• House of worship for Muslims

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Mosque in Damascus, Syria.
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Islam
What are the 5 Pillars?

• The Five Pillars are
• Shahadah
• Salat
• Zakaat
• Sawm
• Hajj

Muslim Mosque
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The Five Pillars of Islam
Shahadah
Salat
Zakaat
Sawm
Hajj
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Shahadah

• All Muslims must know and believe this
  sentenceThere is no god but Allah, and Muhammad
  is his messenger."
• This is said to a Muslim when they are born and
  when they die.
• This pillar is known as the Profession of Faith
  for Muslims.

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Salat

• The 2nd pillar of Islam is Salat, the requirement
  to pray five times a day.
• The times of day to pray are at dawn, noon,
  mid-afternoon, sunset, at night.
• Each Salat is performed facing towards the Kaaba
  in Mecca.

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Muadhin

• Person who calls the Muslim people to prayer.

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ADHAN

• A call to inform Muslims that the time for a
  particular SALAT has begun.

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Minaret

• Tall tower in a mosque where the Muadhin goes to
  stand in a high place for everyone to be able to
  hear the Adhan.

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Think, Pair, Share

• Glen Ridge has agreed to install several large
  speakers on telephone poles around town. The
  purpose of these speakers is so that the Adhan
  can be heard by all Muslims in town.
• In your notebooks, write your feelings down on
  this subject.
• Share your ideas with the person next to you.
• Together come up with some possible alternatives
  to the speaker system.

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Muadhin performs the Adhaan 1/2

• ALLAHU AKBAR - Allah is the greatest (to be
  repeated 4x).
• ASH-HADU ANLA ILAHA ILLALLAAH - I testify that
  there is no god but Allah. (to be repeated 2x).
• ASH-HADU ANNA MUHAMMADAN RASUULULLAAH - I testify
  that Muhammad is Allah's messenger. (to be
  repeated 2x).
• HAYYAA LAS SALAAT - Come fast to prayer. (to be
  repeated 2x). The Muadhin, when reciting this
  turns the face slightly to the right side.

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Muadhin performs the Adhaan 2/2

• HAYYAA LAL FALAAH - Come fast to success. (to be
  repeated 2x). The Muadhin, when reciting this
  turns the face slightly to the left side.
• ALLAHU AKBAR -Allah is the greatest. (to be
  repeated 2x).
• LAA ILAHA ILLALLAAH - There is no god but Allah.
  (to be recited once).

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Pillar 2 - Salat

• 5 Positions of Salat

• Pray Towards Mecca

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The Kaaba - Mecca

• Ancient, simple structure made of granite. In the
  South East corner, a black meteorite (the "Black
  Stone") is embedded in a silver frame.
• Stairs on the north side lead to a door which
  allows entry to the interior.
• The Kaaba is covered with a Kiswah, a black
  silk cloth which is embroidered in gold with
  verses from the Quran.

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History
The KAABA - Mecca

• According to the Quran, the Kaaba was built by
  Abraham as a house of worship.
• 600 AD Kaaba was taken over by pagans to house
  their many gods.
• 630 A.D. Muhammad and his followers took control
  of Mecca.
• Muhammad destroyed the idols inside and dedicated
  it to Islam.

Saudi Arabia
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Do Muslims worship the Black Stone?

• Muslims do not worship the Kaaba or the Black
  Stone.
• It serves as a focal and unifying point among the
  Muslim people.
• Muslims walk around the Kaaba in a
  counter-clockwise direction in a ritual known as
  Tawaf".

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• Zakaat, or alms-giving, is the practice of
  charitable giving by Muslims.
• Muslims look to ease economic hardship for others
  and eliminate inequality.
• Equal to 2.5 of yearly salary.
• Muslims may donate more as voluntary charity, in
  order to achieve additional divine reward.

Zakaat
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• The Islamic month of fasting, in which
  participating Muslims do not eat or drink
  anything from dawn until sunset.
• Fasting is meant to teach patience sacrifice.
• Ramadan is a time to fast for the sake of God,
  and to offer more prayer than usual.

Sawm
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The 5th Pillar is the HAJJ.
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A. The Hajj is a pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi
Arabia.
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• Must be carried out at least once in their
  lifetime by every able-bodied Muslim who can
  afford to do so.
• It is a demonstration of the solidarity of the
  Muslim people, and their submission to Allah.

Hajj to Mecca
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D. Largest annual pilgrimage in the world.
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• Mr. Majewski
• GRHS
• Grade 8 World History

The History of Muhammad
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Key Terms History of Muhammad

• Iqraa
• Hadith
• Hijra
• Mecca
• Medina
• Archangel Gabriel
• Khadijah
• Sura

• 1st Miracle of Islam
• 2nd Miracle of Islam
• Seal of the Prophets
• Zero
• Astrolabe

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Time Line of Muhammad

• 570 ACE Muhammad is born
• 595 ACE Muhammad marries Khadijia
• 610 ACE Muhammad visited by the archangel
  Gabriel for 1st time
• 622 ACE The Hijra Journey from Mecca to
  Medina
• 630 ACE Muhammad returns to Mecca
• 632 ACE Muhammad dies

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Muhammad

• The seal of the prophets or the final prophet
  in Allahs plan to reveal himself to the world.

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Islams Connection to other Religions

• Quran provides insight into the missions,
  struggles and communities of 25 Prophets - 1st of
  which is Adam.
• The Quran mentions 4 revealed Scriptures Pages
  of Abraham, Torah as revealed to Moses, Psalms as
  revealed to David, and Injeel as revealed to
  Jesus.
• Islam requires belief in all the prophets and
  revealed scriptures as part of its religion.

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Jesus and Islam

• Similarities

• Differences

• Muslims respect and revere Jesus (peace be upon
  him is said by Muslims after they say the name
  Jesus).  
• They consider him one of the greatest of Gods
  messengers to mankind.

• Muslims believe that Jesus was not crucified.  It
  was the plan of Jesus enemies to crucify him,
  but God saved him and raised him up to Him.  
• The likeness of Jesus was put over another man.
   Jesus enemies took this man and crucified him,
  thinking that he was Jesus.

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History of Muhammad Slide 1

• Born in 570 CE in the city of Mecca.
• Discontented with life in Mecca, he retreated to
  a cave in the surrounding mountains for
  meditation and reflection.

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Muhammads Medina Mosque
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History of Muhammad Slide 2

• 610 - Muhammad received his 1st revelation from
  the Archangel Gabriel.
• Gabriel said to Muhammad "Iqraa," meaning
  "recite." He replied, "I cannot read." Gabriel
  embraced Muhammad and after releasing him
  repeated "Iqraa."
• The Angel Gabriel visited Muhammad many times
  over a period of 23 years. Gabriel taught
  Muhammad the verses. All the revealed verses are
  compiled in the Quran.

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History of Muhammad Slide 3

• Gained few followers early on, and was met with
  hostility.
• To escape persecution Muhammad and his followers
  left Mecca for Medina in the year 622 - This
  event is known as the Hijra.
• In Medina, Muhammad unites the conflicting tribes
  - His followers conquered Mecca in 630 ACE.
• In 632 Muhammad fell ill and died.
• By the time of his death most of the Arabian
  Peninsula had converted to Islam and he united
  the tribes of Arabia under Islam.

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1st Miracle of Islam

• The creation of the Koran. This is a miracle
  because at the time Muhammad was unable to read
  or write.

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Facts about the Quran

• One translation of Quran is Recitation.
• The Quran consists of 114 chapters.
• Each chapter is known as a Sura.
• Muslims believe the Quran to be the book of
  divine guidance and direction for mankind.
• Consider the text to be the literal word of God,
  revealed to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel
  over a period of 23 years.
• View Quran as God's final revelation to humanity.

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Facts about the Quran

• Note that the Quran was revealed to Muhammad  in
  Arabic only. 
• So, any translation, either in English or any
  other language, is neither a Quran, nor a version
  of the Quran, but rather it is only a translation
  of the meaning of the Quran. 
• The Quran exists only in the Arabic in which it
  was revealed.

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Islam, The Quran and Terrorism

• Acts of inciting terror in the hearts of
  defenseless civilians, the destruction of
  buildings and properties, the bombing and maiming
  of innocent men, women, and children are all
  forbidden and detestable acts according to Islam
  and the Muslims.  
• Muslims follow a religion of peace, mercy, and
  forgiveness.
• Vast majority have nothing to do with the violent
  events some have associated with Muslims.  
• If an individual Muslim were to commit an act of
  terrorism, this person would be violating laws of
  Islam.

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Islam and Racism

• Islam rejects racism.
• One of the major problems facing mankind today is
  racism.  The developed world can send a man to
  the moon but cannot stop man from hating and
  fighting his fellow man.  
• Ever since the days of the Prophet Muhammad ,
  Islam has provided a vivid example of how racism
  can be ended.  
• The annual pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca shows the
  real Islamic brotherhood of all races and
  nations, when about two million Muslims from all
  over the world come to Mecca to perform the
  pilgrimage.

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What Is the Status of Women in Islam?

• Islam sees a woman, whether single or married, as
  an individual in her own right, with the right to
  own and dispose of her property and earnings
  without any guardianship over her (whether that
  be her father, husband, or anyone else).
•  She has the right to buy and sell, give gifts
  and charity, and may spend her money as she
  pleases.  
• A marriage dowry is given by the groom to the
  bride for her own personal use.
• She keeps her own family name rather than taking
  her husbands.

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• The Prophet Muhammads collections of sayings and
  actions appearing separately from the Quran.

The Hadith
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Example of a Hadith

• A man walking along a path felt very thirsty. 
  Reaching a well, he descended into it, drank his
  fill, and came up.  Then he saw a dog with its
  tongue hanging out, trying to lick up mud to
  quench its thirst.  The man said, This dog is
  feeling the same thirst that I felt.  So he went
  down into the well again, filled his shoe with
  water, and gave the dog a drink.  So, God thanked
  him and forgave his sins. The Prophet  was asked,
  Messenger of God, are we rewarded for kindness
  towards animals?  He said There is a reward for
  kindness to every living animal or human.

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2nd Miracle of Islam

• The ascension into heaven by Muhammad is
  considered the 2nd Miracle of Islam.

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Islam Advances in Science

• Many crucial systems, such as algebra, the Arabic
  numerals, and the concept of zero , were
  transmitted to Europe by the Muslims. 
• Sophisticated instruments which were to make
  possible the European voyages of discovery, such
  as the astrolabe, the quadrant, and good
  navigational maps, were also developed by Muslims.

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Review Question 1 - Islam

• Who was the 1st convert to Islam?
• A. Muhammad
• B. Khadijia
• C. Abu Bakar
• D. None of the Above

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Review Question 1 - Islam

• Who was the 1st convert to Islam?
• A. Muhammad
• B. Khadijia
• C. Abu Bakar
• D. None of the Above

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Review Question 2 - Islam

• The image to the right reveals the Profession of
  Faith. What is the wording of the 1st Pillar of
  Islam?

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Review Question 2 - Islam

• The image to the right reveals the Profession of
  Faith. What is the wording of the 1st Pillar of
  Islam?
• There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his
  messenger.

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Review Question 3 - Islam

• The collected sayings of Muhammad are contained
  in what book?
• A. Hijra
• B. Angeel
• C. Hajj
• D. Hadith

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Review Question 3 - Islam

• The collected sayings of Muhammad are contained
  in what book?
• A. Hijra
• B. Angeel
• C. Hajj
• D. Hadith

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Chapter 6 - Section 2

• The Arab Empire and Successors

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Key Terms

• Abu Bakr
• Caliph
• Jihad
• Suni
• Shia
• Shiite

• People of the Book
• Mu awiyah
• Umayyads
• Battle of Tours
• Battle of Poitiers
• Charles Martel

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Creation of An Arab Empire

• Never named a successor
• No male heirs
• Abu Bakr chosen as Muhammads successor
• Father in law to Muhammad

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Caliph

• Title given to the leader of the Muslim people
  1st used by Abu Bakr

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Arab Conquest

• Jihad Struggle in the name of Allah
• Unite the Muslim world
• 636 Defeat of the Byzantines
• 642 Defeat of the Egyptians
• 650 Defeat of the Persians
• Great Warriors are assured a place in heaven

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Arab Rule

• Early caliphs struggled to keep power and assure
  Muslims that they were true to Islam
• Assassinations of caliphs 2 and 3
• 4th Caliph Ali Muhammad
• Also assassinated after 5 years

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People of the Book Title of respect given to
Jewish people and Christians
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The Umayyads

• Mu awiyah named caliph
• Quote on page 194
• What did he do to ensure further peace after his
  death?

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Umayyad Conquests

• 702 Umayyads defeat Berbers in North Africa
• 725 Muslims control most of Spain
• 732 Battle of Tours ends Muslim advance into
  Europe
• Considered by many to be one of the top 3 most
  important battles ever fought
• Charles Martel Charles the Hammer Please
  see page 195

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Battle of Poitiers

• Charles Martel is primarily famous for his
  victory at the Battle of Tours, his stopping the
  Umayyad invasions of Europe during the Muslim
  Expansion Era.

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Battle of poitiers
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Umayyad Conquests

• 717 Muslims and Byzantines fight to a stalemate
  at Constantinople
• Advances stop but not advancement
• Influence now begins to be extended around the
  known world

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Umayyad empire at height
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A Split in Islam

• Shia (often seen as Shiite today) vs.Sunni
• Shia accept only descendents of Ali Muhammad as
  true leaders of Islam
• Sunni accept the Umayyads as caliphs or most holy
  cleric