Alternative Energy Technologies using Biomass and Waste

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Alternative Energy Technologies using Biomass
and Waste

• Greener Solid Waste Practices
• Ryan Pletka
• September 2007

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Annual Electric Capacity Additions, MWa (avg.
megawatts)
Black Veatch Analysis of data from Global
Energy Decisions Energy Velocity database
Biomass includes landfill gas
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Annual Electric Capacity Additions, MWa (avg.
megawatts)
78-91
Black Veatch Analysis of data from Global
Energy Decisions Energy Velocity database
Biomass includes landfill gas
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Annual Electric Capacity Additions, MWa (avg.
megawatts)
92-98
Black Veatch Analysis of data from Global
Energy Decisions Energy Velocity database
Biomass includes landfill gas
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Annual Electric Capacity Additions, MWa (avg.
megawatts)
99-05
Black Veatch Analysis of data from Global
Energy Decisions Energy Velocity database
Biomass includes landfill gas
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Annual Electric Capacity Additions, MWa (avg.
megawatts)
Black Veatch Analysis of data from Global
Energy Decisions Energy Velocity database
Biomass includes landfill gas
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U.S. Biomass Energy Consumption by Sector
Source EIA
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Biomass Waste Resources
Cattle Manure
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Black Veatch Biomass and Waste Fuel Experience

• Agricultural Residues
• Rice Hulls
• Rice Straw
• Palm Oil Residues
• Bagasse
• Coconut Residues
• Cassava Residues
• Corncobs
• Switchgrass
• Banagrass
• Arundo Donax (E-Grass)
• Distillery Slop
• Oat Hulls
• Chicken and Turkey Litter
• Cow Manure
• Hog Waste
• Railroad Ties
• Food Waste

Wood Chips Whole Trees Urban Wood Waste
Peach Pits Sawdust Furniture Factory Wastes
Cardboard Landfill Gas Digester
Gas Manufactured Gas Ethanol Corn
Stover Black Liquor Furfural Residue Compost Peat
Wet Distillers Grains Dry Distillers Grains
Dried Sewage Sludge Waste Paper Paper Sludge and
Waste Meat Packing Waste Landfill Retrieved
Solid Waste Municipal Solid Waste Refuse
Derived Fuel Whole Tires Tire-Derived Fuel
Rubber Wastes Coke Gas Refinery Solid
Residue Refinery Liquid Residue High Carbon
Coal Ash Waste Bituminous Coal Waste Anthracite
Coal Sub-Lignite Coal Petroleum Coke
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Green Waste
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CD Separated Wood
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CD Separated Wood
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CD Separated Wood
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CD Separated Wood!
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Secondary Wood Products Residues
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Sewage Sludge Pellets
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Biomass and Waste Technology Options

• Direct combustion
• Cofiring
• Gasification Pyrolysis
• Anaerobic digestion
• Fermentation
• Landfill gas

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Traditional Direct Combustion

• 10,500 MW of capacity in US
• Capacities up to 100 MW, average 20 MW (Small)
• Relatively slow growth (High , Low Efficiency)
• Combustion technologies well proven
• Mass burn
• Stoker combustion
• Fluidized bed combustion

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Innovative Biomass/Waste Power Options

• Mixing biomass with fossil fuel assets
• Cofiring biomass with coal (50-400/kW)
• Biodiesel / ethanol in engines and turbines
• Gasification for boilers, engines, turbines, etc.
• Why do this?
• Cheap, quick, lower-risk

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Biomass Cofiring with Coal

• Potentially Most Economical Renewable
• but

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Biomass/Waste Gasification

• Gasification technology seems ready for
  commercialization
• Economics and gas clean-up have been barriers
  in the past
• Potential staged gasifier commercialization
• Near term existing oil gas-fueled boilers
• Mid-term syngas for biorefineries
• Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)

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Gasification
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Biorefineries

• Integrated cellulosic biomass conversion
• Multiple end products - similar to oil refineries
• Transportation fuels (biofuels)
• Chemicals
• Electric power with a potential for net export
• Sugar Platform (Biochemical cellulose)
• Thermochemical (all biomass is converted)

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Black Veatch Backs New Biofuels Technology.
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Biomass Transportation Fuels
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U.S. Ethanol Production
Current Capacity Under Construction 12.5
Billion Gallons
2007(est.)
Historical Production

• Total U.S. gasoline market 140 billion annual
  gallons

Source RFA, Ethanol Producer Magazine
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Estimated U.S. Biodiesel Production (MGY)
2,600 MGY Current Capacity and Under Construction
2007

• Total US distillate fuels market is 60 billion
  gal/yr

Source NBB, Biodiesel Magazine
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Example Economics of Various Technologies
Waste Resources
Biomass Resources
Levelized Cost of Energy, /MWh
30/ton tip fee
RDF Refuse Derived Fuel LFG Landfill Gas MSW
Mass Burn of MSW IGCC Integrated Gasification
Combined Cycle
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Thank You!Discussion - Questions?
Ryan Pletka pletkarj_at_bv.com Tel
925-949-5929 2999 Oak Road, Suite 490 Walnut
Creek, CA 94597