The Renewable Portfolio --- Defined

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The Renewable Portfolio --- Defined Refined
Florida Public Service Commission Workshop July
26, 2007
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Definition by Technology

• Absolute method
• Traditional method
• Focus on present or near-term technology
• Generally exclusive, Specifically inclusive

366.91(b)  "Renewable energy" means electrical
energy produced from a method that uses one or
more of the following fuels or energy sources
hydrogen produced from sources other than fossil
fuels, biomass, solar energy, geothermal energy,
wind energy, ocean energy, and hydroelectric
power. The term includes the alternative energy
resource, waste heat, from sulfuric acid
manufacturing operations.
377.803(6)  "Renewable energy" means electrical,
mechanical or thermal energy produced from a
method that uses one or more of the following
fuels or energy sources hydrogen, biomass, solar
energy, geothermal energy, wind energy, ocean
energy, waste heat, or hydroelectric power.
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Definition by Attribute

• Flexible method, emphasis on Results
• Allows future technologies
• Generally inclusive, Specifically exclusive
• Special riders to include a target method
• Specific set-aside for favored attributes

For Example
For purposes of this standard, Renewable Energy"
means electrical energy produced (or directly and
quantifiably displaced) from a method with 1 No
extraneous limits on the prime energy source, 2
No environmental detriments from prime energy
source acquisition, 3 No net release of carbon
dioxide or other pollutants. Electric energy
derived from Acoustic Kryptonite Hyperdrive
Technology does not qualify as renewable energy
under this standard. Reductions (from 2007) by
utilities in system operations energy losses also
qualify as renewable energy under this
standard. No less than ten percent (20) of the
energy required by this standard shall be derived
directly from solar energy.
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Attributes Electric Energy Production
Technologies
My opinion
Technology Prime Source Constraint? Environmental Detriment from Acquisition? Net Release Pollutant?
Photovoltaic No No No
Solar (or Waste) Thermal-Electric No No No
Wind No No No
Photochemical, Photothermal (H2) No No No
Open Loop Biomass/gas No No No
Run of River Hydro No No No
Landfill Gas No No No
Comb Heat/ Power waste electricity No No No
Hydro No Yes No
Municipal Solid Waste No No ??
Closed Loop Biomass/gas Yes Yes No
IGCC w/ Sequestration Yes Yes No
Ocean Current No ?? No
Nuclear Yes ?? No
Generally no issues
Some issues
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Attributes Electric Energy Displacement
Technologies
My opinion
Technology Prime Source Constraint? Environmental Detriment from Acquisition? Net Release Pollutant?
Solar Thermal Domestic Hot Water (SDHW) No No No
Solar Assist Adsorption Chilling No No No
Active Solar Thermal Space Heating No No No
Solar Process Heat (product drying, etc) No No No

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Utility Efficiency Technologies
Technology Prime Source Constraint? Environmental Detriment from Acquisition? Net Release Pollutant?
Low-Loss Distr Transf N/A N/A N/A
HPS-LED St Light Conv N/A N/A N/A
Distributed Generation N/A N/A N/A


Attributes not applicable
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Renewables Refined
...with a strong focus on solar and wind
energy... --EXECUTIVE ORDER NUMBER 07-127
After initial screen, shades of green
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Solar Energy 2020
Quick Calculations - Reasonable Assumptions

• Single-Family Residential
• Economic Installations Only no subsidies
• Assumed Net Energy for Load is 340,000 GWH

Solar Thermal (DHW) brings 2 of NEL Solar
Photovoltaic (PV) brings 2 of NEL ? 4 NEL (20
of RPS) is Feasible and Economic!
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Solar Energy 2020 -- Other Opportunities

• PV Parity expected 2010-2012 No Real Limits on
  Land
• Commercial PV (Big Box, malls, attractions, etc)
• State Local Govt rooftops PV (schools, offices,
  conv centers)
• Parking Canopies PV (Shade asphalt for fee,
  market advantage)
• Linear PV farms edge-of Transmission RoW
• Linear PV farms edge-of median-barrier,
  Interstate Highways
• PV Farms Restricted-use (airports, brownfields,
  retention ponds)
• Rooftop Leasing the 420 Plan-individual
  utility joint venture
• Natural Gas continues to climb
• Solar Thermal- Commercial (hotels, dorms, food
  processing)
• Reconfigure Multi-Family Common SDHW sys,
  metered to units
• ST Assist for Adsorption Chilling BIG potential
  in FL!

More than 10 of NEL is Likely
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Recommendation
(Our Suggested Definition of the Definition
Process)

• Statutory and Regulatory Definition by Attribute
• Technology Approval by Simple, Streamlined
  Regulatory Process
• Category or Scenario Approval
• Appeal Dispute Resolution, etc.
• Monitoring, Verification and Reporting by state
  agency
• 20 of RPS as Solar Energy Set-Aside

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Results-Based Realities
Awareness and Acceptance of Solar Thermal Energy
as a major RPS resource for Florida
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PERCEPTION
BECAUSE
etc, etc
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REALITY
1 KWHT 1 KWHE
BECAUSE
1 KWH 1 KWH
EVERY DAY, EVERY WAY
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ENERGY
1 kilowatthour (kWh) is the Energy needed to
raise the Temperature of 409 gal of Water by 1o F
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Given Result

• Subdivision w/o gas Electric water heaters
• Solar-Thermal WH Less electric energy
• Metered Solar WH Measured, verified
  displacement of
  electric energy

or 1.0 kWhSTEEEC 1.0 kWhELEC !
Actually, 1.0 kWhSTEEEC gt 1.0 kWhELEC (Ask me
why)
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Equality !! --Consider Normal PV
3060 kWh/yr
Green Energy
Solar Energy
PV Panel (AC Module)
D
Green Energy Display
M
900 kWh/yr
Electric Energy Meter
Standby Losses
Water Heater
Electric Energy from Grid
Thermal Energy to Tap
M
M
2940 kWh/yr
6000 kWh/yr
Thermal Energy Meter
5100 kWh/yr
Electric Energy Meter
Green Energy
Thermal Energy
Electric Energy
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Now Place the Green Shroud
3060 kWh/yr
Green Energy
Solar Energy
PV Panel
D
Green Energy Display
M
900 kWh/yr
Standby Losses
Electric Energy Meter
Water Heater
Electric Energy from Grid
Thermal Energy to Tap
M
M
2940 kWh/yr
6000 kWh/yr
Thermal Energy Meter
5100 kWh/yr
Electric Energy Meter
Green Energy
Thermal Energy
Electric Energy
Pay no attention to the man behind the curtain..
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Then Reveal
3060 kWh/yr
Green Energy
(Undisputed, 100, Grade A, Prime Choice)
Solar Energy
D
Thermal Panel
Green Energy Display
S
900 kWh/yr
Standby Losses
-

Water Heater
Electric Energy from Grid
Thermal Energy to Tap
M
M
2940 kWh/yr
Thermal Energy Meter
Electric Energy Meter
5100 kWh/yr
Green Energy
Thermal Energy
Electric Energy
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Submitted for your consideration

• If the Inputs Outputs are IDENTICAL, any two
  systems are EQUIVALENT-- It doesnt matter what
  is in the Black Box

How do we know they identical? We Measure
the All-Important METER
( Output Displayed in kWh )
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Concept Established other direct electric offsets

• Solar Thermal assist for Adsorption Chilling
• Solar Thermal space heat
• Solar Thermal Process Heat

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RPS Solar Water Heating now 7 states
Source DSIRE, North Carolina Solar Center
Interstate Renewable Energy Council
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Florida Solar Energy Center
Creating Energy Independence Since 1975
A Research Institute of the University of Central
Florida
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For Further Information

• Bob Reedy, Director Solar Energy Division
• reedy_at_fsec.ucf.edu
• [phone]
• Philip Fairey, Deputy Director pfairey_at_fsec.ucf.e
  du [phone]
• James M. Fenton, Director jfenton_at_fsec.ucf.edu
  [phone]
• Main FSEC web site www.fsec.ucf.edu

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Solar Thermal-to-Electric Energy Equivalency
Credit (STEEEC)
Appendix A The Language

• A standard unit of used and useful thermal
  energy generated from solar sources, directly
  displacing thermal energy otherwise generated
  from electric sources, and equal to the amount of
  electric energy displaced

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When Selling Energy...
The Meter is Critical !!

• Feedback to the Host
• Detect malfunction
• Quantify pollution reduction
• Feedback to the Owner (if different)
• Detect malfunction
• Verify return on investment
• Record of generated STEECCs
• Feedback to the Green Power Market
• Certify Green Power and Green Tags

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the All-Important METER
Important Note Output Displayed in kWH !!
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Meter Costs are falling

• No fuel burned
• Allows no more than approach
• Owner choice more accurate meters for more
  credit
• Utility Scale Volumes
• Solid State In-line flow meters coming available
• No maintenance, no decline in registration
• Low Cost Temperature Sensors
• Read-by-email-digicam method (w/ spot audit)
• New FSEC Meter Method
• Modeling of Standby Losses
• One more Temperature sensor (ambient)
• Eliminates electric meter of backup source