Discontent in the Sixties

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Discontent in the Sixties
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Kennedy and the Sixties

• Civil Rights (later)
• Foreign affairs
• Bay of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis
• Nikita Khrushchev and the Berlin Wall
• Space Race and the New Frontier
• Increased presence in Vietnam

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Cuba

• Bay of Pigs, 1500 CIA trained anti-Castro Cuban
  nationalists invade Cuba April 19,
  1961disastrous
• New York Times made the US look like fools to
  our friends, rascals to our enemies, and
  incompetents to the rest.
• October 19, 1962, US intelligence discovers
  Russian missile sites under construction in Cuba
• Quarantine of CubaRussia blinked first
  October 28.

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Kennedy and Vietnam

• US involved in French Indochina after World War
  II French defeated by Communists at Dien Bien
  Phu
• Vietnam divided into two nations, similar to
  Korea
• Kennedy sending advisers to help Ngo Dinh
  Diems government in south.
• 2000 troops in 1963, Kennedy has 16,000 by 1963
• Diems regime cause more problems than solved,
  escalation with north and Buddhist majority in
  south
• American supported coup in 1963

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Kennedy Assassination

• Kennedys stance on Vietnam In the final
  analysis its their war. Theyre the ones who
  have to win it or lose it. We can help them as
  advisers but they have to win it.
• Kennedy assassinated in Dallas, November 22, 1963
• Kennedys successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, escalates
  American military involvement
• Generation Gap

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The New Left

• Tom Hayden and Al Haber, students at University
  of Michigan, Students for a Democratic Society
  (SDS), 1960
• Inspired by Jack Kerouac and Jean-Jacques
  Rousseau and civil rights sit-ins
• Port Huron Statement We are the people of this
  generation, bred in at least moderate comfort,
  housed in universities, looking uncomfortably to
  the world we inherit.
• Restoration of individualism in America, separate
  from Old Left of 1930s

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Spread of Rebellion

• Fall 1964, students at the University of
  California, Berkeley formed Free Speech Movement
  (FSM)
• Protested for students rights, encouraged
  sit-ins across the nation
• SDS and FSM join forces to protest American
  presence in Vietnam after 1963
• Spring 1967, 500,000 march on Central Park, New
  York
• Hey, hey, LBJ, how many kids did you kill today?

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Chicago, 1968
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Counterculture

• Hippies long hair, jeans, tie-dyed shirts,
  sandals, mind-altering drugs, rock music, group
  living disillusioned, affluent, white,
  well-educated, anti-war
• San Franciscos Haight-Ashbury district and New
  Yorks East Village and rural communes
• Outdoor rock concerts, Woodstock Music Festival,
  1969 near Bethel, N.Y.
• Altamont, California, 1969, Rolling Stones and
  Hells Angels

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Feminism

• New Left spawned new women's rights crusade
• Challenged cult of domesticity of 1950s
• Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (1963),
  suburban myth, feminine mystique promoted by
  magazines
• National Organization of Women (NOW), created in
  1966
• End job discrimination, legalize abortion,
  government-supported childcare
• Title IX, Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), Roe v.
  Wade (1973)

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Kathy Switzer
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Minority Rights

• Hispanic Rights Chicano movement led by César
  Chavez, founded United Farm Workers (UFW)
• Native Americans American Indian Movement (AIM)
• Gay Rights Stonewall Inn, New York, June 1969
  Gay Liberation Front (GLF) combat sexism in
  workforce and government

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