STRUCTURE-FUNCTION Neuroscience Unit Brain Dissection Labs

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STRUCTURE-FUNCTIONNeuroscience UnitBrain
Dissection Labs

• Lab I
• Covering Structures of the Brain
• (Dissections and photos by Randy Perkins, PhD
• Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement
  Sciences
• Feinberg School of Medicine
• Northwestern University)

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Dura mater
Arachnoid granulations




Bridging veins
Arachnoid
3
Dura mater


Superior sagittal sinus

BONUS POINTS
Longitudinal fissure
4

Falx cerebri

Superior sagittal sinus
5
Central (Rolandic) sulcus
Frontal lobe
Parieto-occipital sulcus

Parietal lobe


Lateral (Sylvian) fissure
Occipital lobe


Temporal lobe
Occipital pole


BONUS POINTS
Preoccipital notch
6
Precentral sulcus
Precentral gyrus

Central (Rolandic) sulcus
7



Inferior parietal lobule
8
Lateral (Sylvian) fissure
9
Central (Rolandic) sulcus
Precentral gyrus
Postcentral sulcus


Precentral sulcus
Supramarginal gyrus

Postcentral gyrus
Lateral (Sylvian) fissure
10
Insula

Lateral (Sylvian) fissure
11
Brocas Area
Pars opercularis

Pars triangularis


Planum temporale


Pars orbitalis
Transverse gyrus of Heschl
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STRUCTURE-FUNCTIONNeuroscience UnitBrain
Dissection Labs

• Lab II
• General Features of the Brain
• (Dissections and photos by Randy Perkins, PhD)

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Longitudinal fissure
BONUS POINTS


Olfactory bulb

Olfactory tract
Medial olfactory stria
Lateral olfactory stria
Olfactory sulcus



Olfactory trigone
Anterior perforated substance
14
Orbital gyri (anterior, medial, posterior
lateral)


Gyrus rectus
Orbitofrontal cortex
BONUS POINTS
Olfactory sulcus
15
Into which ventricle does this opening go?
Answer Third ventricle
Lamina terminalis

BONUS POINTS
Optic tract



Optic nerve
Optic chiasm
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Olfactory tract

Optic nerve
Infundibulum

Tuber cinereum



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Olfactory tract
Optic chiasm
Optic nerve
Anterior perforated substance



Tuber cinereum

Infundibulum


Optic tract



Posterior perforated substance
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Anterior communicating artery
Recurrent artery of Heubner (medial striate
artery)
Internal carotid artery
Anterior cerebral artery





Middle cerebral artery
BONUS POINTS

Posterior communicating artery
Into which fissure does this artery go?


CN III

Answer Lateral fissure
Circle of Willis
Posterior cerebral artery
Superior cerebellar artery

Basilar artery
19


Superior cerebellar artery
Basilar artery
Pontomedullary junction

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
Vertebral artery


Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
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CN III
Optic tract




Infundibulum
Tuber cinereum
CN IV

CN V

CN VI

CN IX
CN VII VIII
CN XII





CN X
CN XI
Choroid plexus, protruding through lateral
aperture/foramen of Luschka

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CN II

Optic tract

CN III


CN IV
CN VI
CN V


Ventral median sulcus
Olive


22

CN II

CN III

CN IV
CN V

CN VI

CN VII


CN IX
CN VIII



CN XII
CN X
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Pyramid
Pyramidal decussation
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STRUCTURE-FUNCTIONNeuroscience UnitBrain
Dissection Labs

• Lab III
• Brainstem and Cerebellum
• (Dissections and photos by Randy Perkins, PhD)

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BONUS POINTS
Cisterna magna
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Vermis

Uvula (most inferior part of vermis between
tonsils)



27
Inferior medullary velum


Foramen of Magendie
28
Foramen of Magendie
Gracile tubercle

Fasciculis gracilis


Cuneate tubercle

Fasciculis cuneatus
Obex
Dorsal median sulcus
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Vermis
Anterior lobe
Primary fissure
Posterior superior fissure

Posterior lobe

BONUS POINTS
Folia
Horizontal fissure
30
Flocculus
Posterolateral fissure

31
Pineal body






CN IV
32
Corpus callosum
Massa intermedia/ interthalamic adhesion

thalamus

3rd ventricle


tectum


Cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)
tegmentum




Superior medullary vellum
4th ventricle
fastigium
Inferior medullary vellum
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LOBULES OF CEREBELLAR VERMIS
Primary fissure
Culmen

Horizontal fissure
Declive
Central

Folium


Lingula


Nodulus

Tuber

Pyramis

Posterolateral fissure
Uvula
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Superior medullary vellum

Where will this probe reappear?

Lateral recess of 4th ventricle
Answer Foramen of Luschka
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CEREBULLUM IN X-SECTION (CORONAL)
Folia (gray matter)
Dentate nucleus


What is this entire structure called?
BONUS POINTS
Answer Arbor vitae tree of life
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Superior cerebellar peduncle
Middle cerebellar peduncle



Inferior cerebellar peduncle
37
Rhomboid fossa of 4th ventricle
Median sulcus
Sulcus limitans

Median eminence
Hypoglossal trigone
Vagal trigone
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Calamus scriptorius
Obex



39
Tuberculum cinereum

40
Cerebral aqueduct
Periaqueductal gray
tectum



Substantia nigra

tegmentum



Red nucleus
Crus cerebri
What is this entire structure?
Answer Midbrain
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What is this entire structure?
Answer Pons
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Inferior olivary nucleus

What is this entire structure?
Answer Medulla
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STRUCTURE-FUNCTIONNeuroscience UnitBrain
Dissection Labs

• Lab IV
• Medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere
• (Dissections and photos by Randy Perkins, PhD)

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Corpus callosum
Genu of corpus callosum
Body of corpus callosum

Splenium of corpus callosum

Anterior commissure



Mamillary body
Rostrum of corpus callosum

Superior colliculus



Lamina terminalis

Tuber cinereum

Optic chiasm

Inferior colliculus
Infundibulum
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Transverse fissure

Pineal body (gland)
46
Superior brachium
Superior colliculus
Lateral geniculate body






Medial geniculate body
Inferior colliculus
Inferior brachium
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fornix
Tela choroidea
Choroid plexus

Pineal body (gland)






(interventricular) foramen of Monro
Hypothalamic sulcus
Posterior commissure
Anterior pillar/ column of fornix
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Septum pellucidum

(interventricular) foramen of Monro

Into which ventricle does this foramen lead?
Answer Lateral ventricle
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Head of caudate nucleus
Stria terminalis
Choroid plexus



Sulcus terminalis



Stria medullaris thalami
thalamus
50
Mammillothalamic tract
fornix


Postcommissural fibers of the fornix

Mammillary body
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Paracentral lobule
Marginal sulcus
Cingulate sulcus
Precuneus
Cuneus
Cingulate gyrus
Parieto-occipital sulcus

Pericallosal sulcus

Calcarine sulcus



Subcallosal gyrus
Uncus
Lingual gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus
52
Parahippocampal gyrus

Rhinal sulcus

Fusiform/ occipitotemporal gyrus
Collateral sulcus
53
Cingulum

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STRUCTURE-FUNCTIONNeuroscience UnitBrain
Dissection Labs

• Lab V
• Lateral exposure of the brain in parasagittal
  section deep dissection of the brain
• (Dissections and photos by Randy Perkins, PhD)

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Insula



Planum temporale
Transverse gyrus of Heschl
56
Long insular gyrus





Circular sulcus

Limen insulae
Longitudinal sulcus
57
Superior longitudinal fasciculus
Arcuate fasciculus
Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
58
Corona radiata
Optic radiations
59
Body of lateral ventricle
Occipital horn
Tapetum (carpet)



Trigone
Temporal horn
60
Glomus of the choroid plexus
Occipital horn


Trigone
Calcar avis
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Temporal horn

Glomus of the choroid plexus

Hippocampus
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Choroidal fissure (opened)


Fimbria

Pes hippocampus
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Body of fornix
Crus of fornix

Column of fornix





Splenium of corpus callosum
Pulvinar of the thalamus

Massa intermedia/ interthalamic adhesion
Dentate gyrus

Fimbria
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Uncinate fasciculus
65
Uncinate fasciculus (inferior surface of frontal
lobe to temporal pole think fish hook)
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Forceps minor


Anterior horn of lateral ventricle
Head of caudate nucleus
Forceps major
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Head of caudate nucleus
Anterior limb of internal capsule
Lentiform (lenticular) nucleus


Genu of internal capsule
Extreme capsule

Putamen

Claustrum
External capsule
Globus pallidus

Posterior limb of internal capsule
Internal capsule
Thalamus
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STRUCTURE-FUNCTIONNeuroscience UnitBrain
Dissection Labs

• Lab VI
• Coronal sections of the brain
• (Dissections and photos by Randy Perkins, PhD)

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Coronal sections of the right half of the brain
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5
8
6
4
9
3
2
Section 1
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Coronal sections of the right half of the brain
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7
8
5
9
4
3
2
Section 1
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Section 1 through the anterior portion of the genu
Forceps minor

Genu (anterior portion) of corpus callosum
Olfactory sulcus

Gyrus rectus
Olfactory tract

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Section 2 through the posterior portion of the
genu
Cingulate gyrus
Genu (posterior portion) of corpus callosum

Anterior horn of lateral ventricle

Head of caudate nucleus



Rostrum of corpus callosum
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Section 3 through the middle of the head of the
caudate nucleus
External capsule, claustrum, extreme capsule
(medial to lateral)
Body of corpus callosum

Anterior limb of internal capsule




Putamen (of lentiform nucleus)
Head of caudate nucleus
Septum pellucidum
74
Section 4 through the anterior commissure
Head of caudate nucleus
Anterior limb of internal capsule

Globus pallidus (of lentiform nucleus)




External capsule, claustrum, extreme capsule
(medial to lateral)
Insular cortex



Anterior commissure
Column of fornix
Optic chiasm
Basal forebrain
75
Section 4 posterior to the anterior commissure to
show the amygdala
Amygdala
76
Section 5 through the mammillary body
Body of fornix
Body of caudate nucleus
Thalamus
Posterior limb of internal capsule



Body of lateral ventricle
Lateral medullary lamina






Hypothalamus
External segment of globus pallidus
Internal segment of globus pallidus
Medial medullary lamina
Mamillary body
Subthalamic nucleus
3rd ventricle
77
Section 5 through the mammillary body
Lateral fissure
Insula



Putamen

Optic tract

Inferior/ temporal horn of lateral ventricle
78
Section 6 through the posterior thalamus
Body of corpus callosum
Thalamus
Posterior limb of internal capsule
Body of caudate nucleus


Putamen



Tail of caudate nucleus


Globus pallidus



Optic tract
Inferior/ temporal horn of lateral ventricle
Hippocampus

Collateral sulcus
79
Section 6 through the posterior thalamus
Stria medullaris thalami

Tela choroidea
Red nucleus
Crus cerebri







Hippocampal sulcus
Fimbria of the fornix
Substantia nigra
Choroidal fissure
80
Section 7 through the posterior commissure

Posterior commissure
81
Section 7 through the posterior commissure
Body of corpus callosum
Body of lateral ventricle


Pineal body

Thalamus

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Coronal section of the right hippocampus
(www.life.uiuc.edu/edtech/entomology_slides/pages/
32768-sea-horse.htm)
Medial geniculate body
Lateral geniculate body
Tail of caudate nucleus





Fimbria
Dentate gyrus
83
Section 8 through the splenium
Forceps major

Glomus of the choroid plexus

Pulvinar of thalamus


Dentate gyrus
Crus of fornix
84
Section 9 posterior to the splenium
Tapetum (carpet)
Calcarine sulcus



Calcar avis
Occipital horn