Health Promotion The diet and disease connection

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Health Promotion The diet and disease
connection

• Lizann Powers Hammond
• Shirley Broughton

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Goals for today

• Health Promotion -Consumer perspective
• Health Promotion Framework
• Diet and Chronic Disease whats new?
• Heart Disease
• Diabetes
• Cancer
• Sorting through the evidence

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Communicating Science Based Evidence

• The New Nutrition Conversation is all about
  talking with consumers rather than at them to
  find out what they are thinking and why when it
  comes to nutrition.
• International Food and Nutrition Information
  Council IFIC.org

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• FOOD
• Are consumers losing their
• appetite for
• NUTRITION
• International Food and Nutrition Information
  Council IFIC.org

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Many people find it difficult to separate valid
recommendations from fad diet advice.
Web Sites
Consumers are bombarded with nutrition
information from a variety of sources.
TV and Radio News
Food Labels
Popular Magazines
Medical Experts
Nutrition information is often seen as
contradictory, even from equally valid sources.
Consumer
Media Images
Fad Diet Gurus
Friends and Family
Food Ads
Govt Guidelines
SOURCE IFIC Foundation, 2004
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Consumers Say

• 85 say that diet and nutrition are important to
  them personally.
• Only 25 say they have made significant changes
  to achieve a healthful diet.
• Source ADA trends survey, 2002

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Consumers Say

• Consumers get most of their nutrition information
  from TV, newspapers, magazines.
• Consumers value the information form health
  professionals the most.
• Source ADA Trends survey, 2002

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Consumers Say

• About achieving a healthy nutritious diet
• 38 Im already doing it.
• 30 I know I should, But
• 32 Dont bother me.

ADA Trends Survey 2002
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Consumers Say

• 57 agree Based on the information Ive heard, I
  believe there are some foods I should never eat.
• 54 believe taking vitamin supplements is
  necessary to ensure good health
• 33 believe herbal dietary supplements are safe
  because they are natural

ADA Trends Survey 2002
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Missing Ingredient

• Tips Where is the ACTION is!
• Dont just tell us what to do, tell us HOW to do
  it!
• Consumers

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Consumers need how-to information about nutrition
information that is

• SIMPLE
• POSITIVE
• PRACTICAL
• CONSISTENT

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Consumers Definition of Health

• Healthy is.
• Active
• Energetic
• Confident
• Smiling
• Good complexion

• Good Posture
• Bright and wide eyed
• Works out/ is fit
• Positive Attitude
• Well Rested

Addressing the obesity debate Consumers point of
view IFIC 2003
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Consumers Definition of Health

• More broadly, consumers also describe health
  holistically, involving components of mental,
  emotional, and physical health. They state all
  of these elements must work together in
  contributing to good health.

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The Health Promotion Framework
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Elements of Health Promotion

• Physical Fitness and nutrition. Medical
  self-care. Control of substance abuse.
• Emotional - Care for emotional health. 
• Stress management, calming.
• Social Community, families, friends.
• Intellectual Education, achievement, career
  development.
• Spiritual Love, hope, charity.

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Medical Model

• Problem/Condition
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Alleviation of Condition

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Perspectives on Obesity

• Medical Model
• Weight is the problem.
• Treatments focuses on weight loss.
• Medical interventions are available to change
  body weight.

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Weight Loss Methods

• Diet
• Exercise
• Prescription drugs
• Behavior modification
• Diet pills
• Herbal remedies

• Liposuction
• Bariatric surgery
• Acupuncture
• Lotions/creams
• Hypnosis
• Stimulants

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The Magic Cure?

• The medical model is the western cultural norm.
• The search for a simple magic cure fits with
  the medical model.

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Perspectives on Obesity

• Health Promotion Model
• Body weight above normal suggests a person is out
  of balance.
• Seek to discover underlying issues and restore
  balance to life.

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Exploration of Weight Issues

• Physical
• Diet and activity patterns, substance use?
• Emotional
• Stress levels, stress eating, emotional eating?
  ACE?

• Social
• Connection to others?
• Intellectual
• Mental stimulation, Happiness with life?
• Spiritual
• Connection to world and nature?

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Broadening the Focus

• Medical Model
• How can we get people to lose weight?
• Health Promotion Model
• How can we promote a holistic approach to health
  and well-being?

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The Life Balance Wheel
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Disease Prevention

• Medical Model
• Identify risk factors.
• Intervention targets risk factors.
• Often fear based, desire to avoid disease state.

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Disease Prevention

• Health Promotion Model
• Examine life balance and holistic well-being.
• Focus in on maximizing health not just absence of
  disease.

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Addressing Chronic Disease

• Medical Model
• You have an illness, symptoms are treated.
• Health Promotion
• You can be well and optimize health through
  lifestyle, even with a disease.

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Diet and Disease Update

• Heart Disease
• Diabetes
• Cancer

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Top 10 Killers

• Heart disease
• Cancer
• Stroke
• Chronic lower respiratory diseases
• Accidents (unintentional injuries)
• Diabetes
• Alzheimer's disease
• Influenza/Pneumonia
• Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis
• Septicemia

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Diet and Heart DiseaseWhere we have been

• Saturated Fat ?
• Cholesterol ?
• Vegetable oils ?

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Diet and Heart DiseaseWhats New.

• Trans fats ?
• Fish Oil ?

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Diet and Heart DiseaseWhats in the News.

• Nuts / Flaxseed -
• Omega 3 vs Omega 6
• Plant Sterols
• Tropical Oils

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Diet and DiabetesWhere we have been

• Amount of Carbohydrate
• Balanced diet

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Diet and DiabetesWhats new

• Maintain healthy weight
• Physical activity
• 30 minutes a day ?
• Dietary Fiber ?

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Diet and DiabetesWhats in the news

• Glycemic Index / Glycemic Load
• High Fructose Corn Syrup
• Cinnamon
• Chromium

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Diet and CancerWhere we have been

• Low in fat, alcohol and salt.
• High in whole grains, fruits and vegetables.

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Diet and CancerWhats New

• Phytochemicals
• Antioxidants
• Cruciferous vegetables
• Omega-3 fatty acids

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Diet and CancerWhats in the news

• Supplements
• Juicers
• Sugar substitutes
• Green tea
• Soy products

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Energy Drinks

• Contain significant amounts of caffeine and other
  legal stimulants.
• Additional ingredients imply health benefits.

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AHA Diet Recommendations

• Balance calories and activity achieve/ maintain
  a healthy weight
• Consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables
• Choose Whole grains and High fiber foods
• Consume fish, especially oily fish at least twice
  a week
• Limit saturated fat and trans fat and cholesterol
• Choose and prepare with little or not salt
• Alcohol in moderation

Diet and Lifestyle Recommendation Revision 2006
A Scientific Statement from AHA
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American Diabetes Association Guidelines -
prevention

• Moderate weight loss (7)
• Through Lifestyle changes
• 150 minutes/week exercise
• Reduce calories / fat
• High Fiber Diet 14 gram / 1000 calories

American Diabetes Association Clinical Practice
Recommendations 2007
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American Cancer Society Nutrition and Physical
Activity Guide

• Maintain a healthy weight throughout life.
• Adopt a physically active lifestyle.
• Eat a healthy diet, with an emphasis on plant
  sources.
• If you drink alcoholic beverages, limit
  consumption.

American Cancer Society Nutrition and Physical
Activity Guide
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Take home message

• Type and Quality of Carbohydrates
• Make half of your grains whole
• Eat more fruits and vegetables
• Type and Quality of Fats
• Replace saturated fats with vegetable oils
• Eat 2 fish meals / week
• Lean meats
• Low fat dairy

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Focus on Lifestyle

• Eating behaviors
• Eat plenty of fruits vegetables daily.
• Enjoy whole grain foods.
• Choose lean meats and/or protein sources.
• Select low-fat dairy products.
• Drink adequate fluids.
• Keep portion sizes reasonable.
• Pick healthful snacks.
• Listen to hunger and satiety signals.

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Take home messages

• Science is Evolutionary Not Revolutionary
• Simple, Positive, Practical, Consistent
  nutrition and health messages

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Thank you!
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Resources

• American Diabetes Association Clinical Practice
  Recommendations 2007
• Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations 2006
  Scientific Statement from the AHA
• American Journal of Public Health
• International Food Information Council
• American Dietetic Association Food and Nutrition
  Trends Survey