Female and Male Reproductive Systems

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Female and Male Reproductive Systems

• By Karen Bruccoleri
• and
• Jessica Bieniek

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What is Reproduction?

• The process which organisms make more organisms
  like themselves
• This is one trait that separates living things
  apart from nonliving matter

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Female and Male

• Most species have 2 sexes
• Female
• Male
• Have own unique reproductive systems
• Different in Shape Structure
• Both designed to either
• Produce eggs or sperm
• Nourish eggs or sperm
• Transport eggs or sperm

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Female Reproduction System
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The main structures of the female reproductive
system

• Vagina
• Muscular, hollow tube
• Extends from the uterus to the vagina opening
• 3-5 inches long
• Connects to the uterus at the cervix
• Cervix
• Thick, strong walls
• Uterus
• Hollow organ with muscular walls
• Contains some of the strongest muscles in the
  female body
• Size of an upside-down pear

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Structures Continued

• Fallopian Tubes
• Located in the upper corners of the uterus
• Connects the uterus to the ovaries
• Ovaries
• Produce, store, and release eggs into the
  fallopian tubes-know as ovulation
• Part of the endocrine system because they produce
  progesterone and estrogen

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Female Reproductive Diagram
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Reproductive System enables a woman to

• Produce eggs
• Experience sexual intercourse
• Protects and nourishes a fertilized egg
• Give birth

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Puberty

• Baby girls ovaries contain hundreds of eggs
• Eggs remain inactive until puberty
• At puberty, the pituitary glands begin to make
  hormones that stimulate the ovaries to produce
  females sex hormones, such as estrogen
• Last stages of puberty females begin to release
  eggs as part of a monthly menstrual cycle

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Menstrual Cycle

• Occurs approximately once a month
• During ovulation an ovary sends an egg into the
  fallopian tubes.
• If the egg is not fertilized it dries up and
  leaves the body in about two weeks though the
  uterus, which is know as, menstruation
• However, if the egg is fertilized then the egg
  can become a baby

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Steps in Fertilization

• Contact between sperm and egg
• Entry of sperm into the egg
• Fusion of egg and sperm nuclei
• Activation of development
• This is a picture of the egg and sperm-the sperm
  is color enhanced to be green

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Once an egg is fertilized

• The fertilized egg journeys through the fallopian
  tubes to the implantation in the uterus.

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What things can go wrong with the female
reproductive system?

• Vulvovaginitis
• Inflammation of the vulva and vagina
• Caused by irritating substances such as laundry
  soaps, bath bubbles, or poor hygiene
• Symptoms itching, redness in the vaginal and
  vulvar areas, as well as, vaginal discharge

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A type of Cancer

• Ovarian Cancer
• Cancer cells located in the ovary
• Approximately 25,000 women in America diagnosed
  with this type of cancer
• Treatments Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or
  surgery

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Male Reproductive System
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Male Reproductive Organs

• Male reproductive organs are called Genitals
• Located on the inner and outer part of the pelvis

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Male Genitals Include

• Testicles a.k.a. Testes
• Duct System
• Epididymis
• Vas (Ductus) deferens
• Accessory Glands
• Seminal Vesicle
• Prostate Gland
• Penis

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Sperm

• Sperm cells are the male sex cells
• Production of sperm begins at puberty
• Can be used to fertilize womens eggs

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Testicles a.k.a. Testes

• Function produce and store millions of tiny
  sperm cells
• Male is normally born with two testes, but they
  also may have to be removed for one reason or
  another
• Shape Oval
• Size About 2 inches in length 1 inch in
  diameter
• Testicles are also a part of the Endocrine
  System they produce hormones including
  testosterone

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Testosterone

• Major hormone for young men when they go through
  puberty
• More and more is produced as the male ages
  through the puberty stage
• Deep voices
• Facial hair
• Pubic hair
• Stimulates production of sperm

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Epididymis and Vas Deferens

• Make up duct system
• Vas Deferens muscular tube that passes up along
  the testicles and transports semen
• Semen sperm-containing fluid
• Epididymis set of coiled tubes (one for each
  testicle) that connects vas deferens

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Where do the Epididymis and Testes hang out?

• Pouch-like structure
• Outside of the pelvis
• Its called the Scrotum
• Bag of Skin
• Helps regulate temperature of testicles
• Size of scrotum changes to keep right temperature
• The scrotum is just like a human being
• When we are cold, we tense up and body becomes
  tighter to hold in heat.
• When we are hot, we flop around freely, trying to
  cool ourselves off to get rid of the extra heat.
• Testicles need to be cooler than body
  temperature in order to continue sperm
  production

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Accessory Glands

• Include seminal vesicles and prostate gland
• Seminal Vesicles sac-like structures attached to
  vas deferens to the side of the bladder
• Prostate Gland
• Produces some parts of semen
• Surrounds ejaculatory ducts at the base of the
  urethra (just below bladder)
• Urethra carries semen out of the body through the
  penis

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The Penis

• Made of spongy tissue that can expand and
  contract
• 2 parts
• Shaft- main part
• Glans- tip
• Small slit on glans is where the urine and semen
  exit the body

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What does the Male Reproductive System do?

• Produces semen
• Releases semen during sexual intercourse
• Can aid in producing a child
• Produces sex hormones that makes a young male go
  through puberty
• Hormones are released by pituitary gland which is
  located in the brain, and that stimulates the
  testicles to produce testosterone
• Usually between the ages of 10-14

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Conception

• Male ejaculates during sexual intercourse
• Semen enters into female vagina
• Sperm makes its way through the cervix and move
  through the uterus
• A single sperm may activate a mature egg if it
  passing through the fallopian tubes-
  Fertilization or Conception occurs
• Fertilized egg is then called a zygote

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What can go wrong with the Male Reproductive
System?

• Testicular Trauma
• Testicular Cancer
• Epididymitis inflammation of the epididymis and
  is usually caused by an infection (usually a
  transmitted disease)
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• HIV/AIDS
• Genital Warts
• Syphilis
• Clamydia

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What is testicular trauma?

• Mild injury to testicles can cause
• Pain
• Bruising
• Swelling
• Injuries occur when testicles are
• Struck
• Hit
• Kicked
• Crushed
• Testicular torsion could occur because of this,
  and that involves a testicle being twisted around
  cutting off the blood supply (not common, but
  surgery is needed to untangle the cord and save
  testicle)

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Testicular Cancer

• One of the most common cancers
• Usually occurs in men younger than 40
• Cells in testicle divide abnormally
• A tumor is then formed
• Can spread to other parts of the body
• If it is caught early, it can be treated
• Males are encouraged to do self-examinations of
  the testicles

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• Hope you enjoyed the show!
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