Indirect Statement

1
Chapter 39

• Indirect Statement
• Tenses of Infinitives
• Ablative of Cause

2
Indirect Statement
Vat did you say, Boris?
I said, Natasha, us to be going to kill moose and
squirrel!
3
Oratio Obliqua
Quid dixisti, Boris?
Dixi, Natasha, nos alcidem et sciurum occisuros
esse.
4
Subject Accusative of an Infinitive

• I want something.
• something is direct object
• I want to leave.
• to leave is direct object
• I want you to leave.
• you to leave is direct object

I want him to leave too. him to leave too is
direct object
5
Direct StatementCaesar, he says, is
coming.Caesar, inquit, venit.

• Indirect StatementHe says that Caesar is coming.
• or
• He says Caesar is coming.
• Caesarem dixit venire.

6
Indirect StatementSubject Accusative/Verb
Infinitive

• 1. Introduced by a verb of mental
  action/verb of the head (see,hear,know,
  think i.e. above the neck or shoulders)
• 2. Used as the direct object
• I hear something.
• I hear that Caesar is attacking. 3. No Latin
  word for that
• 4. Subject will be accusative because the verb
  is infinitive
• Audio Caesarem oppugnare.

7
The Time of the Infinitive

• Present Infinitive Same Time as the main verb.
• so lets call it the contemporaneous
  infinitive.

Audio Caesarem oppugnare. I hear that Caesar is
attacking. Audio Caesarem oppugnari. I hear that
Caesar is being attacked. Audivi Caesarem
oppugnare. I heard that Caesar was
attacking. Audivi Caesarem oppugnari. I heard
that Caesar was being attacked.
8
The Time of the Infinitive

• Perfect Infinitive Time Before the main verb,
• so lets call it the prior infinitive.

Audio Caesarem oppugnavisse. I hear that Caesar
attacked (has attacked). Audio Caesarem
oppugnatum esse. I hear that Caesar has been
attacked (was attacked). Audivi Caesarem
oppugnavisse. I heard that Caesar attacked (had
attacked). Audivi Caesarem oppugnatum esse. I
heard that Caesar was attacked (had been
attacked).
9
The Time of the Infinitive

• Future Infinitive Time After the main verb,
• so lets call it the subsequent infinitive.

Audio Caesarem oppugnaturum esse. I hear that
Caesar will attack. Audivi Caesarem
oppugnaturum esse. I heard that Caesar would
attack.
10
Indirect Statement

• Scio eum hoc videre.
• I know that he sees/is seeing this.
• Scio eum hoc vidisse.
• I know that he saw/has seen this.
• Scio eum hoc visurum esse.
• I know that he will see this.

11
Indirect Statement

• Scivi eum hoc videre.
• I knew that he was seeing this.
• Scivi eum hoc vidisse.
• I knew that he had seen (saw) this.
• Scivi eum hoc visurum esse.
• I knew that he would see this.

12
1) Credo nautas venire. 2) Credo nautas
venisse. 3) Credo nautas venturos esse. 4)
Scivit te ianuam clausisse. 5) Scivit te ianuam
clausurum esse. 6) Scivit te ianuam claudere.
7) Existimabant Caesarem interfici. 8)
Existimabant Caesarem interfectum esse. 9) Puto
meam filiam laudari. 10) Putavi meam filiam
laudari. 11) Puto meam filiam laudatam esse. 12)
Putavi meam filiam laudatam esse. 13) Intellego
te id facturum esse. 14) Intellexi te id facturum
esse. 15) Negavit Caesarem discessurum esse. 16)
Negavit Caesarem discessisse.
13
Ablative of Cause(same meaning as ob or propter
accusative)

• Hoc feci amore vestri.
• I did it from (because of) love of you.
• Inopia cibi laborabant.
• They were suffering from (because of) lack of
  food.

14
Word Study

• Qua de causa - for what/which reason
• Qua re hoc dicitis?
• For (because of) what reason do yall say this?
• Accedo (intransitive) uses acc. of place to
  which
• Accedemus ad urbem We will approach the city.
• Credo dative
• Credimus tibi. We believe you.
• Nescio non scio
• Spero acc. future active infinitive
• Spero me victurum esse. - I hope to win.

15
cognoscente \kahn-yuh-SHEN-tee\ noun, plural
cognoscenti a person who has expert knowledge
in a subject connoisseur "The great but not
widely known pianist Dave McKenna ... is revered
by the jazz cognoscenti as an inspired
interpreter of American standards...." (Joseph
Nocera, GQ, March 1997) "Cognoscente" and
"connoisseur" are more than synonyms they're
also linguistic cousins. Both terms descend from
the Latin verb cognoscere, meaning "to know". You
may know that "cognizance" and "cognition" are
members of the cognoscere clan. Do you also
recognize a family resemblance in "recognize"?
Can you see through the disguise of "incognito"?
Did you have a premonition that we would mention
"precognition"? Cognoscente is almost always
used in its plural form, "cognoscenti." http//ww
w.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwwod.pl
16
credulous \KREJ-uh-luss\ adjective ready to
believe especially on slight or uncertain
evidence Because she is by nature credulous,
Ivy didn't question Bill's assertion that the
castle they stood in had been built in England
and shipped across the English Channel to France.
It's easier to give credit to people who
adhere to their creed than to give credence to
what miscreants say, or for that matter, to find
recreants altogether credible. Believe it or not,
that sentence contains a full half dozen words
which, like today's "credulous," are descendants
of credere, the Latin verb that means "to
believe" or "to trust" "credit" ("honor," as
well as "belief") "creed" ("guiding principle")
"credence" ("acceptance as true") "miscreant "
("a heretic" or "a criminal") "recreant"
("coward, deserter") and "credible" ("offering
reasonable grounds for being believed").
"Credulous" is even more closely allied to the
nouns "credulity" and "credulousness" (both
meaning "gullibility"), and of course its
antonym, "incredulous" ("skeptical," also
"improbable"). http//www.merriam-webster.com/cgi-
bin/mwwod.pl
17
nescience \NEH-shee-unss or NEE-shee-unss\ (noun)
lack of knowledge or awareness ignorance
"Your nescience of science fiction is rather
obvious," Jessie snarled, "and I suggest you try
reading it before you criticize it."
Eighteenth-century British poet, essayist, and
lexicographer Samuel Johnson once said, "There is
nothing so minute or inconsiderable that I would
not rather know it than not know it." He
undoubtedly knew a thing or two about the history
of the word "nescience," which evolved from a
combination of the Latin prefix ne-, meaning
"not," and scire, a verb meaning "to know." And
he probably knew that scire is also an ancestor
of "science," a word whose original meaning in
English was "knowledge. http//www.merriam-webste
r.com/cgi-bin/mwwod.pl
18

• omniscient \ahm-NIH-shunt\ (adjective)
• 1 having infinite awareness, understanding,
  and insight
• 2 possessed of universal or complete
  knowledge
• In many novels, the narrator is omniscient, able
  to see everything and even to divine the thoughts
  and feelings of the characters.
• One who is "omniscient" literally "knows all" --
  the word brings together two Latin roots the
  prefix omni-, meaning "all," and the verb scire,
  meaning "to know." Scire has a number of other
  knowledge-related descendants in English,
  including "conscience," "science," and
  "prescience" (meaning "foreknowledge").
  Omniscient" appears in the following admonition
  by Francis Bacon (c. 1615) "By no means trust to
  your own judgment alone for no man is
  omniscient.
• http//www.merriam-webster.com/

19

• sciolism \SYE-uh-lih-zum\ (noun) a superficial
  show of learning
• The grad students in the corner of the cafe were
  engaged in a display of sciolism, tossing around
  trendy academic terms and evoking obscure
  writers.
• "Sciolism" comes from the Late Latin
  sciolus,a,um, the diminutive of the Latin scius
  verb scire, meaning "to know." Of course, if you
  know something about Latin roots, you know that
  scire is the source of many other English words,
  including "science," "prescience
  ("foreknowledge"), "nescience" ("lack of
  knowledge"), and "conscience.
• http//www.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwwod.pl

20

• sciolist (SKI-uh-list) noun
• One who engages in pretentious display of
  superficial knowledge.
• From Late Latin sciolus (smatterer), diminutive
  of Latin scius (knowing),
• from scire (to know).
• "On the other hand, judged strictly by the
  standard of his own time, (Francis) Bacon's
  ignorance of the progress which science had up to
  that time made is only to be equalled by his
  insolence toward men in comparison with whom he
  was the merest sciolist."
• Thomas H. Huxley Harvey Discovers The
  Circulation Of The Blood
• History of the World.
• http//wordsmith.org/awad/

21

• denegation \deh-nih-GAY-shun\ (noun) denial
• The experimental paintings of the artist's later
  years are a denegation of the label
  "traditionalist," which was so often applied to
  him early in his career.
• Even if we didn't provide you with a definition,
  you might guess the meaning of "denegation" from
  the "negation" in there. Both words are
  ultimately derived from the Latin verb negare,
  meaning "to deny". Negare is also the source of
  our "abnegation" ("self-denial"), "negate" ("to
  deny the truth of"), and "renegade" (which
  originally referred to someone who leaves, and
  therefore denies, a religious faith). Even "deny"
  and "denial" are negare descendants. Like
  "denegation," they came to us from negare by way
  of Latin denegare, which also means "to deny.
• http//www.merriam-webster.com/

22

• sacrilegious (sak-ri-LIZ-uhs) adjective Violating
  what is considered sacred. From Latin
  sacrilegium, from sacrilegus (one who steals
  sacred thing), from sacer (sacred) -legere (to
  gather, steal).
• The word has no etymological connection to
  "religious" though its pronunciation has altered
  due to its similarity with the latter. "A media
  buyer for a company told the Journal I don't
  think you will see any of our clients advertising
  during the special 9/11 coverage on the TV
  networks.' Here you have companies -- some of
  them pillars of the economy -- saying, in effect,
  that there is something inherently vulgar about
  commerce, perhaps even sacrilegious." Tunku
  Varadarajan, No Television Ads This 9/11?, The
  Wall Street Journal (New York), Jul 31, 2002.
• http//www.merriam-webster.com/

23

• prudential (proo-DEN-shuhl) adjective
• 1. Of or relating to prudence.
• 2. Exercising good judgment, common sense,
  forethought, caution,
• etc.
• From Middle English prudence, from Middle
  French, from Latin
• prudentia, contraction of providentia, present
  participle stem of pro videre (to see forward).
  The words improvise, provide, provident,
• proviso,purvey, all derive from the same root.
• "Prudential reasons can be mounted on either
  side of the argument,
• although there are persuasive reasons not to
  go to war against Iraq
• breaking the coalition, generating dissent in
  America, sidelining
• Israel/Palestine peace efforts, destabilizing
  several governments
• in the Middle East, undertaking a difficult
  and costly military
• campaign."
• Richard Falk In Defense of 'Just War'
  Thinking The Nation (New
• York) Dec 24, 2001.

24

• lection (LEK-shuhn) noun
• 1. A version of a text in a particular copy or
  edition.
• 2. A portion of sacred literature to be read
  in a divine service.
• From Latin lectus, perfect participle of legere
  (to read, choose, collect). Other words derived
  from the same root are lexicon, lesson, lecture,
  legible, legal, select.
• "The site provides information about the
  history of anti-evolution
• efforts in Tennessee, a 'virtual information
  booth' with essays about
• evolution, the full text of Futuyma's keynote
  lection from the 1997
• Darwin Day ..."
• Rebecca Chasan Fighting Back For Science
  Bioscience (Washington,
• DC) Jan 1998.
• http//www.wordsmith.org/

25

• putative \PYOO-tuh-tiv\ adjective
• 1 commonly accepted or supposed
• 2 assumed to exist or to have existed
• Until scientists could identify the putative
  infectious agent behind the disease, which they
  assumed to be a virus, there was no hope of
  finding a cure.
• Scholars are quite certain that the word comes
  from the Latin word putatus, the past participle
  of the verb putare, which means "to consider" or
  "to think." "Putative" often shows up in legal
  contexts. For instance, a "putative marriage" is
  one that is believed to be legal by at least one
  of the parties involved. When that trusting
  person finds out that his or her marriage is not
  sanctioned by law, other putare derivatives, such
  as "dispute," "disreputable," "reputed,"
  "imputation," and "deputy," may come into play.
• http//www.merriam-webster.com/

26

• putative \PYOO-tuh-tiv\ adjective
• 1 commonly accepted or supposed
• 2 assumed to exist or to have existed
• Until scientists could identify the putative
  infectious agent behind the disease, which they
  assumed to be a virus, there was no hope of
  finding a cure.
• Scholars are quite certain that the word comes
  from the Latin word putatus, the past participle
  of the verb putare, which means "to consider" or
  "to think." "Putative" often shows up in legal
  contexts. For instance, a "putative marriage" is
  one that is believed to be legal by at least one
  of the parties involved. When that trusting
  person finds out that his or her marriage is not
  sanctioned by law, other putare derivatives, such
  as "dispute," "disreputable," "reputed,"
  "imputation," and "deputy," may come into play.
• http//www.merriam-webster.com/

27

• sententious (sen-TEN-shuhs) adjective
• 1. Full of pithy expressions.
• 2. Full of pompous moralizing.
• From Middle English, from Latin sentire (to feel
  or to have an opinion). Some other words derived
  from the same root are sense, sentence,
  sentiment, sentinel, assent, consent, dissent,
  resent.
• "I enjoyed every glowing frame of the leisurely
  trip, which is
• punctuated by sententious epigrams. ('Lies are
  dreams caught red-handed,' or 'Marriage is the
  perfect murder of love.')"
• Joe Morgenstern Film Review The Wall Street
  Journal (New York)
• Aug 1, 2003.
• http//www.merriam-webster.com/

28

• sensibility \sen-suh-BIH-luh-tee\ noun 1
  ability to receive sensations sensitiveness 2
  the emotion or feeling of which a person is
  capable 3 refined or excessive sensitiveness
  in emotion and taste
• Instead of going to the van Gogh exhibit, Dan
  went fishing and gratified his artistic
  sensibilities by the gleam of a trout at the end
  of his hook.
• From Latin sentire ("to feel"), the meanings of
  "sensibility" run the gamut from mere sensation
  of the sense organs to excessive sentimentality.
• http//www.merriam-webster.com/

29
Sententiae Antiquae
Improbus est homo qui beneficium scit accipere et
reddere nescit. Plautus Persa 762 Wicked is the
person who knows-how to receive a kindness and
not how to return it. Nec scire fas est
omnia. Horace Odes 4.4.22 It is not
permitted/right to know everything./Knowing
everything is not permitted. Si Deus pro nobis,
quis contra nos? Paul Romans 8.31 If God is for
us, who is against us? Legere et non intellegere
est tamquam non legere. Anonymous Reading and not
understanding is just-like not reading. Periculosu
m est credere et non credere. Phaedrus
3.10.1 Believing is dangerous and not believing.
30
Sententiae Antiquae
Homines amplius oculis quam auribus credunt
longum est iter per praecepta, breve per
exempla. Seneca Epistulae Morales 6.5 People
believe their eyes more than their ears long is
the journey through teaching-rules, short through
examples.