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Threats or Opportunities?

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Title: Threats or Opportunities?


1
Threats or Opportunities?
  • Resources in the New Information Landscape

William E. Moen ltwemoen_at_unt.edugt Texas Center for
Digital Knowledge School of Library and
Information Sciences University of North Texas
2
Two areas of professional responsibility
  • Connect users to information
  • Instruct users to use tools and resources
  • Both of these require awareness and knowledge of
  • Available resources
  • Information organization practices
  • Tools to access those resources
  • Standards and technologies used by the tools
  • How the tools work

3
What/how to expose? How to find?
4
Evolving information landscape
  • Order of the book is over
  • Fewer formal structures that serve as
    gatekeepers, filters, etc. for whats available
  • Does not mean authoritative and credible
    information is not available
  • Maybe its in different places
  • Maybe it looks a bit different
  • Our users are finding it so what is our role?

5
The librarys diminishing market share
  • Think in terms of value-added services
  • What value do we add that save potential users
    time, money, effort, etc?
  • We have valuable resources but are users using
    them?
  • Library catalog is being bypassed
  • Large allocation of budget for commercially
    provided resource (licensed databases, etc.)
  • We make users use our systems that are not easy
    to use
  • Think of the various interfaces of the licensed
    databases
  • Are we driving them away?

6
Exposing/Finding Option 1
7
What happens if Google
  • Acquires or licenses for global access key
    commercial information resources
  • Indexes the resources
  • Provides single, easy to use search interface to
    all those resources
  • Charges 10/month for users to have access to all
    of that
  • Who will use our hard-to-use resources with all
    those different interfaces?

8
The Networked Information Landscape According to
Google
Digitized Books
Open Web
Google
Licensed Databases
WorldCat
Digital Repositories
9
Exposing/Finding Option 2
10
New resources and tools
  • Repository applications
  • Metadata harvesting and building collections
  • Metasearch to reduce access barriers

11
What are repositories?
12
Repository types
  • Digital repository (sort of a generic term)
  • Image repository
  • (e.g., http//pro.corbis.com/)
  • Learning objects repository
  • (e.g., http//careo.ucalgary.ca/cgi-bin/WebObjects
    /CAREO.woa?themecareo)
  • Data repository
  • (e.g.,http//www.public.asu.edu/huanliu/DHub/bioi
    nformatics.html)
  • Institutional repository
  • (e.g., http//txspace.tamu.edu/)
  • Differentiated by
  • Types of objects
  • Types of metadata
  • Purpose

13
Repositories The technical side
  • Database component
  • Metadata component
  • Search and browsing component
  • Web interface component
  • Submission component
  • Administration component

14
Institutional repositories
  • A repository application
  • Preserve and provide access to the intellectual
    output of an institution
  • Crow, Raym. The Case for Institutional
    Repositories A SPARC Position Paper. 2002
  • A set of services that a university offers to the
    members of its community for the management and
    dissemination of digital materials created by the
    institution and its community members
  • Lynch Clifford A. Institutional Repositories
    Essential Infrastructure for Scholarship in the
    Digital Age. 2003
  • Characterized by
  • Organizational commitment to long-term
    stewardship
  • Open access

15
Characteristics of IRs
  • Institutionally defined rather than subject-based
    repository
  • Web-based system for storage of and access to
    scholarly material
  • Long-term stewardship of intellectual assets
  • Support the process of scholarly communication
  • Open and interoperable
  • Mark Ware Consulting Ltd. Pathfinder Research on
    Web-based Repositories Final Report.2004

16
Potential contents for IRs
  • Pre-prints and post-prints
  • Technical reports, working papers
  • Theses dissertations
  • Books or chapters of books
  • Conference proceedings
  • Presentations
  • Sound and video files
  • Digital research materials( e.g. simulations,
    code)

17
Cornell Repository
18
Texas AM Repository
19
Texas AM
20
Texas AM
21
Metadata The key
  • Boundaries between information communities are
    porous
  • The world will not be made up of MARC
  • Many metadata schemes
  • To describe and manage resources
  • Provide structured representations of the
    resources that can be processed by machines
  • Serving needs of different information
    communities
  • Typically using Extended Markup Language (XML)
  • Syntax for encoding metadata for exchange and
    reuse

I've often said librarians should like any
metadata they see. (R. Tennant)
22
Dempseys acronymic density or
this is the present future!!
  • Metadata schemes
  • DC, MODS, CDWA, VRA, etc.
  • Metadata content standards
  • AACR, CCO, DACS, etc.
  • Metadata encoding standards
  • MARC, XML, RDF, etc.
  • Metadata container/wrapper standards
  • METS, MPEG, etc.
  • Discipline specific metadata schemes
  • GILS, CSDGMI, GEM, IEEE-LOM, etc.
  • Other schemes of interest
  • TEI, EAD, etc.

23
Extending the visibility OAI-PMH
  • Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata
    Harvesting
  • http//www.openarchives.org/
  • http//www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesproto
    col.html
  • Defines a protocol for harvesting metadata from
    repositories
  • Partitions the world into
  • Data providers
  • Service providers
  • Uses Dublin Core Metadata Element Set as standard
    metadata representation for exchange
  • Uses XML for exchanging the metadata records

24
OAI architecture
25
Harvesting metadata
From http//www.oaforum.org/tutorial/
26
OAIster
  • A union catalog of digital resources
  • Contains nearly 11,000,000 records describing
    freely-available and restricted-access digital
    resources
  • Uses the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for
    Metadata Harvesting
  • Harvests the descriptive metadata (records) and
    makes those searchable
  • Currently harvesting from over 700 digital
    repositories

27
OAIster results library reference services
28
Metasearch (or federated search)
  • Single search interface
  • Concurrent searching of two or more resources
  • Uses various technologies
  • Standards such as Z39.50 information retrieval
    protocol Search and Retrieve Web Service
  • Proprietary Connectors (e.g., WebFeat, Muse
    Global)
  • Screen scraping (not a good idea!)
  • Helps users get started discovering resources

29
Exposing/Finding Option 3
30
Exposing/Finding Option 4
31
Exposing/Finding Option 5
32
Index Data Master Key (prototype)
  • Enables efficient metasearching of hundreds of
    databases at the same time
  • Uses Z39.50, SRU/W, or proprietary protocols
  • Open-source-based alternative to proprietary,
    closed-source metasearch alternatives.
  • Supports
  • on-the-fly merging
  • relevance-ranking
  • sorting by arbitrary data elements
  • facets for limiting result sets by subject,
    author, etc.
  • Current demo searches open web resources
  • OAIster
  • Open Directory
  • Wikipedia
  • Open Content Alliance
  • Can be used for metasearching of catalogs,
    commercial dbs, etc.

33
MasterKey
34
Challenges and opportunities
  • A good reference librarian
  • Assesses resources
  • Knows how to access the resources
  • Understands how the resources are organized
  • Helps users understand information needs
  • Helps users learn to assess and access
  • And now needs to
  • Understand new technologies underlying important
    new resources
  • Understand new organizational schemes (i.e.,
    metadata beyond MARC)
  • Provide new value-added services to use new
    resources
  • Help build new virtual collections to serve users

35
References
  • Institutional Repositories. Roy Tennant. 2002
  • http//libraryjournal.reviewsnews.com/index.asp?l
    ayoutarticlePrintarticleIDCA242297publication
    libraryjournal
  • Institutional Repositories Essential
    Infrastructure for Scholarship in the Digital
    Age. Clifford A. Lynch. 2003
  • http//www.arl.org/newsltr/226/ir.html
  • OAI-Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
  • http//www.openarchives.org/
  • http//www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesproto
    col.html
  • OAI for Beginners - the Open Archives Forum
    online tutorial
  • http//www.oaforum.org/tutorial/
  • OAIster.org
  • http//www.oaister.org/
  • Index Data Master Key
  • http//mkey.indexdata.com/demo/
  • Z39.50 and Search and Retrieve Web Service
    (SRU/SRW)
  • http//www.loc.gov/z3950/agency/
  • http//www.loc.gov/standards/sru/

For a copy of this presentation, go to
http//www.unt.edu/wmoen
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