SLIPTRIPFALL PREVENTION

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SLIP/TRIP/FALL PREVENTION Presented by Bill
Luther, Loss Prevention Consultant
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Do You -REALLY- Understand Fall Prevention
?
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Which way do you go to address it?
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Do you mean what you say and say what you mean ?
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Are you getting mixed signals or giving mixed
signals?
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U-Turns Only?
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Are you taking the rules to heart?
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Two One-Ways Equals One Two-Way, Right?
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For the Directionally Challenged
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When does School Start ? Do we need training?
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Uhhh, O.K.
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You Cant Be Too Safe
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Are you enforcing the rules/regulations?
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With all the information out there. Why do we
still have Slip-Trip-Fall accidents ?
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Agenda

• 100 110 Introduction Objectives
• 110 200 Definitions, statistics, standards
• 200 210 Break
• 210 310 Categories Factors of Falls
• 310 320 Break
• 320 430 Prevention of Falls
• 430 445 Q A

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Objectives of this course

• This course will focus on general industry
  slips/trips/falls.
• The Construction industry has its own unique fall
  concerns and standards
• 1926.500 - .503
• 1926.1050 - .1060 ladders stairs
• 1926.451 scaffolds

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Objectives of this course

• Factors that contribute to why we fall
• Physiological factors
• Social/emotional factors
• Environmental factors

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Objectives of this course

• Types of falls
• Same level
• Fall from heights (non-construction related and
  focuses on portable ladders)
• Stairs and steps

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Objectives of this course

• What can be done to help prevent falls
• Floor maintenance procedures
• Housekeeping
• Proper footwear
• Hazard identification
• Awareness training

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Lets get Started!!!
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Definitions

• Friction resistance to lateral movement caused
  by contact between two surfaces
• Coefficient of friction the division of
  horizontal force by vertical force

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Definitions

• Coefficient of friction (COF) Common
  performance measurement. Static measure of 0.5
  has become working definition under many state
  laws and codes. Certain circumstances such as
  ramps and wet flooring requires a higher COF.

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Definitions

• Slip resistant A floor finish that meets a
  static coefficient of friction value of 0.50 or
  greater as measured by the D-2047 standard (James
  Machine)
• ANSI American National Standard Institute
• ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

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Slip/Trip/Fall Impact

• Almost 20,000 workplace related falls reported in
  Texas in 1998

1 Texas Workers Compensation Commission
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Slip/Trip/Fall Impact
1 Texas Workers Compensation Commission
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Slip/Trip/Fall Impact
1 Texas Workers Compensation Commission
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Slip/Trip/Fall Impact
1 Texas Workers Compensation Commission
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Key Standards for Working and Walking Surfaces

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  (OSHA) 1910.22 1910.30 for General Industry
• American National Standard (ANSI) A1264-2-2001
  joint issue with American Society of Safety
  Engineers (ASSE)

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Key Standards for Working and Walking Surfaces

• ASTM Evaluation of Test Data obtained for
  Measurement of Slip Resistance of Footwear sole
  F695 Standard Practice for, heel or related
  materials

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OSHA 1910.22 General Requirements

• General requirements are broad
• Housekeeping - (neat, sanitary and if possible,
  dry
• Aisles clear passage and appropriately marked
• Covers/guardrails protect from open pits,
  tanks, etc.

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OSHA 1910.23 Floor and Wall Openings

• Floor and wall openings
• Floor openings - must have rails or cover plate
• Wall openings must be guarded if there is a
  drop of more than 4 feet

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1910.23 (Floor/Wall Openings)

• Stairway railings/guards handrails for 4 or
  more risers
• Stair width and presence/absence of walls notes
  where rails are to be placed
• Steps should be designed as or treated with slip
  resistant surface

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1910.24 Fixed Industrial Stairs

• Applies to stairs around machinery, tanks, etc.,
  and stairs leading to/from floors, platforms and
  pits
• Different width requirements than fire exits (min
  only 22)
• More defined tread requirements

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1910.25 Portable Wood Ladders

• Must be in good condition and made of high
  density wood
• Three types
• I-industrial, 3-20 heavy use
• II-commercial, 3-12 medium use
• III-household, 3-6 light use
• Special purpose ladders-painters stepladder and
  masons ladder

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1910.26 Portable Metal Ladders

• Rungs must be made slip resistant (corrugated,
  knurled, dimpled or coated with skid-resistant
  material)
• Provision for immediate inspection if ladder tips
  over
• Proper use provision- every 4 height, place
  ladder 1 away from wall base

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ANSI/ASSE A1264.2-2001

• Standard for the Provision of Slip Resistance on
  Walking/ Working Surfaces
• Focuses on slip resistance of flooring surfaces
• Recognizes slip resistance testing methods
• guideline of 0.5 coefficient of friction for dry
  conditions

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BREAK TIME
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Types of falls

• Same level
• Smooth, finished surfaces tile, marble,
  linoleum, etc
• Uneven surfaces typically outdoor environments,
  sidewalks parking lots

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Types of falls

• Fall from heights
• Ladders-portables
• Step stools
• Platforms

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Apparently, the Brain Matter SLIPPED AND FELL
out of his head!
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Types of falls

• Stairways
• Wall and floor openings

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Contributing factors to why we fall

• Physics
• Gravity works
• It pulls us down towards the earth and makes any
  slip/trip/fall worse
• Momentum
• Speed and size the bigger the object and the
  faster it is moving, the greater the chance of
  losing balance

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Contributing factors to why we fall

• Physics
• Slips because of too little friction
• Trips because of interference with balance
• Falls by moving too far off our center of gravity

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Contributing factors to why we fall

• Physiological factors
• Gender
• Females have a greater risk of a serious fall
• Age
• 55 and older group are more likely to experience
  a disabling fall

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Contributing factors to why we fall-
physiological-cont.

• Health
• Illnesses
• Inner ear infections
• flu
• Medication
• Poor vision
• Muscles-sense our bodys position

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Contributing factors to why we fall-cont.

• Social/emotional factors
• Concentration
• Preoccupied
• In a hurry
• Complacency

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Contributing factors to why we fall-cont.

• Type of footwear by user
• Shoe sole material
• Leather
• Can be slippery when new on hard dry surface, but
  due to water absorption, can be less slippery on
  wet surfaces when broken in.

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Contributing factors to why we fall-cont.

• Type of footwear by user
• Shoe sole material
• Rubber-soft and adheres to floor, but temperature
  sensitive.
• Synthetic-PVC can wear longer, but may not
  conform to floor texture

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Contributing factors to why we fall-cont.

• Type of footwear by user
• Heels- what more should I say about high heels
  and hard floors?
• Shoe sole tread- pattern should reflect
  environment
• Indoor flooring-look for patterned, channeled
  tread to help move liquids to the outside of shoe
  when stepping.-keeps surface traction flat arch.

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Contributing factors to why we fall-cont.

• Type of footwear by user
• Shoe sole tread-
• Indoor flooring- avoid circular, or irregular
  patterned, deep grooved tread. These tend to
  allow liquid to be trapped under sole. Textured
  surface reduces contact area. Long unbroken
  cleats can act like skids

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Contributing factors to why we fall-cont.

• Type of footwear by user
• Shoe sole tread-
• Outdoor work- look for deep well spaced groves.
  These are better for uneven walking surfaces

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Contributing factors to why we fall-cont.

• Environmental factors
• Physical characteristics of the surface
• Type of flooring
• Hard- concrete, tile
• Resilient-VCT
• Other-wood, carpet

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Contributing factors to why we fall-Environmental
factors-cont.

• Floor maintenance
• Cleaning for hard or resilient floor
• Detergents with fragrance-can leave slippery
  residue
• Cleaner not diluted enough or too much
• Wrong cleaner type for floor

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Contributing factors to why we fall-Environmental
factors-cont.

• Floor maintenance
• Not following manufacturers directions, such as
  sweeping first or rinsing, if specified
• Not cleaning floor as needed or regular basis

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Contributing factors to why we fall-Environmental
factors-cont.

• Floor maintenance
• Not repairing damaged flooring
• Buffing/burnishing-a high quality,
  traction-enhanced polish applied correctly can
  improve traction

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Contributing factors to why we fall-Environmental
factors-cont.

• Poor housekeeping
• Materials being improperly stored in hallway or
  aisle
• Items being left accidentally or purposely in
  walk area
• Water, grease or other slip hazards on hard or
  resilient surfaces

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Contributing factors to why we fall-Environmental
factors-cont.

• Poor lighting
• Should have at least 20 footcandles in walkways
• Eliminate glare sources
• Replace burned out or flickering light bulbs

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Contributing factors-same level

• Carpet
• Has good traction, even with wet conditions
  (nursing homes hospitals)
• Carpet needs to be kept in good condition-
  regular inspection and repair/replace as needed
  when damage is noted

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Contributing factors-same level

• Carpet
• Small rip can catch a heel causing a trip and
  fall
• Bumps can catch the toe of the shoe causing a
  trip and fall

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Contributing factors-same level

• Wood flooring
• Generally not found in most office complexes due
  to high initial cost and maintenance
• Typical retail wood cleaners may leave a slick
  finish even when dry

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Contributing factors-same level

• Parking lots
• Pot holes
• Loose rocks and pebbles
• Speed bumps
• Cracks in pavements
• Ramps
• Parking space dividers

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Contributing factors-same level

• Parking lots
• Should we be concerned about parking lots from a
  workers comp standpoint?
• Yes!

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Contributing factors-same level

• Sidewalks
• Uneven patterns
• Cracks
• Debris

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Contributing factors to why we fall-Environmental
factors-cont.

• Weather related hazards
• Ice
• Snow
• Rain
• Mud
• These factors can impact your outdoor travel and
  can be brought into the building

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BREAK TIME!
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Prevention of Slip/Trips/Falls-same level

• Mats
• Housekeeping
• Employee Awareness
• Appropriate Footwear
• Proper Floor Maintenance Inspection

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Prevention of Slip/Trips/Falls-same level

• Mats
• Place mats and/or runners at building entrances,
  adjacent water fountains, sinks, and any other
  place where spills may occur and is part of the
  workplace

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Prevention of Slip/Trips/Falls-same level

• Mats
• Should be secured against movement
• Taped edges can be considered if properly
  maintained
• Should have a beveled, flat edge
• Rotate periodically for even wear
• Permanent, recessed mats are preferred

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Housekeeping

• Assigned responsibilities
• Employee training in proper procedures for
  routine cleaning
• What products to use for each type of floor
  surface
• What the manufacturers specifications for use
  may be
• How often to clean on routine basis

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Housekeeping

• Procedures in place for spills
• Warning signs yellow caution cones or barricade
  tape (29 CFR 1910.144)
• Inspection to make sure clean up is complete

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Housekeeping

• Storage Procedures
• Aisles should be kept clear
• Materials should be placed in proper space
• Housekeeping is an ongoing process, not hit and
  miss

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Housekeeping

• Other benefits of good housekeeping
• Ease in flow of materials
• Decreased fire hazards
• Better control of tools and materials
• More efficient equipment clean up and maintenance

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Employee Awareness

• Employees need training on recognizing potential
  slip/trip/fall (and other safety) hazards in
  their workplace and what policies and procedures
  are to be followed. NEO is the best time to
  address this. Empower employees to assume
  responsibility for safety and to communicate.

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Appropriate footwear

• Management should clearly define what footwear is
  appropriate for the workplace.
• Inappropriate footwear may contribute up to a
  fourth of the reported same level slip/fall
  incidents

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Appropriate footwear

• Remember this rule of thumb
• soft rubber soles for dry surfaces, not wet or
  greasy.
• Hard rubber soles for greasy, but not dry or wet
  surfaces.
• Synthetic soles for many conditions, but may not
  be recommended for oily surfaces

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Appropriate footwear

• Remember these rules of thumb
• Well defined square leading edges
• Wedge sole better for hospitals, catering
• Minimum channel depth of 2mm

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Floor Treatments

• Pros and Cons for each
• Contact supplier for one that suites your needs
  best
• Etching
• Paint or Epoxy compounds
• Broom finishing of concrete

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Floor Treatments

• Abrasive granules coating
• Carpet
• All must be properly maintained and inspected to
  perform at optimum

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Floor Maintenance/Inspection

• Responsibility must be assigned
• Floor manufacturer is the best resource for
  determining what product is best
• Many new hard surface floor care products have
  built in traction enhancing properties

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Floor Maintenance/Inspection

• Periodic inspection must be conducted. It can be
  part of the walk through inspection checklist.
• Damaged portions should be clearly identified and
  barricaded.
• Prompt repairs or replacement should be made.
• Accountability must be placed with management for
  follow up of repair completion.

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Slip Resistance Measurement

• The lower the number, the more slippery it is
  considered
• Scientific community debates- which is better
• Measure Static Coefficient of Friction (force to
  move an object from resting)
• Measure Dynamic Coefficient of Friction (force to
  keep an object in motion)

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Slip Resistance Measurement

• Types of commonly found machines
• The James Machine-measures static COF
• Must be used precisely
• Accurate in controlled environment
• Not portable
• Dry testing only

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Slip Resistance Measurement

• Types of commonly found machines
• Horizontal Dynamometers
• Weighted sensor pulled across stationary surface
• Pros-Portable, wet/dry readings
• Cons-User error, affected by other factors

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Slip Resistance Measurement

• Types of commonly found machines
• Sellmaier- newer model
• Electronic, easy to use, portable, wet/dry
  testing, graphic output
• Can measure COFgt1.0, impacted by wet testing
• Expensive

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Prevention of Falls from Heights

• Stairs
• Step stools
• Ladders
• Portables

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Prevention of Falls from Heights

• Stairs
• Keep stairs clear of debris and potentially
  slippery substances
• Dont allow employees to skip stairs to save
  steps use handrails
• Stairs should be installed with OSHA specified
  railings and meet width and step height
  requirements

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Prevention of Falls from Heights

• Stairs
• Maintain regular and emergency lighting
• Inspect stairs and stairways periodically
• Make sure any added slip resistant materials are
  in good condition
• Make sure handrails are secure

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Step Stools

• Use step stools with handrails, if possible,
  avoid single step stool
• Keep assessable and inform employees of location
• Wide step base is preferred
• Limit load to be accessed, dont reach above
  shoulder height

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Ladders-Portables

• Make sure ladder is set up on firm level base
• Inspect ladder before climbing for any damage
• If damaged, immediately tag Do not Use and
  remove from work area

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Ladders - Portables

• When climbing ladders, maintain 3 point contact
• 2 hands and 1 foot on ladder
• 1 hand and 2 feet on ladder
• Put tools in tool belt

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Ladders - Portables

• Dont reach outside your center of balance
• Move the ladder when the work requires it
• Never stand on top step
• Training
• Employees are to be trained by competent person
  in proper ladder use and inspection procedures

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3
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1
6
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afety Pays

• Direct Cost ______
• Indirect Cost ______
• Total Cost ______
• Profit Margin ______
• The ADDITIONAL SALES necessary to cover
• Indirect Cost ______
• Total Cost ______

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afety Pays

• Direct Cost 8,540
• Indirect Cost _______
• Total Cost _______
• Profit Margin _______
• The ADDITIONAL SALES necessary to cover
• Indirect Cost _______
• Total Cost _______

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afety Pays

• Direct Cost 8,540
• Indirect Cost 17,080
• Total Cost ______
• Profit Margin _______
• The ADDITIONAL SALES necessary to cover
• Indirect Cost _______
• Total Cost _______

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afety Pays

• Direct Cost 8,540
• Indirect Cost 17,080
• Total Cost 25,620
• Profit Margin _______
• The ADDITIONAL SALES necessary to cover
• Indirect Cost _______
• Total Cost _______

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afety Pays

• Direct Cost 8,540
• Indirect Cost 17,080
• Total Cost 25,620
• Profit Margin __7__
• The ADDITIONAL SALES necessary to cover
• Indirect Cost _______
• Total Cost _______

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afety Pays

• Direct Cost 8,540
• Indirect Cost 17,080
• Total Cost 26,620
• Profit Margin __7__
• The ADDITIONAL SALES necessary to cover
• Indirect Cost 244,000.00
• Total Cost __________

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afety Pays

• Direct Cost 8,540
• Indirect Cost 17,080
• Total Cost 26,620
• Profit Margin __7__
• The ADDITIONAL SALES necessary to cover
• Indirect Cost 244,000.00
• Total Cost 366,000.00

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You Spend One-Third of Your Day at Work

• Make It a Safe Day!

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If you are complacent Incidents will rise in
frequency and severity
THE END
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Thank You!