Welcome to the greatest member of the forest protection trio

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Welcome to the greatest member of the forest
protection trio!

• Forest Entomology!

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Ecological Roles of Insects

• Pollinators
• Bees, butterflies, flies
• Herbivores
• Caterpillars!, aphids, grasshoppers, ants,
  sawflies
• Decomposers
• Bark beetles, termites
• Parasitoids (define)
• Wasps, flies
• Predators
• Wasps, ants

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FM-324Forest Entomology

• Forest entomology has two important objectives
• To protect the investments of capital intensive
  forestry
• Private Industry!
• To protect important ecological roles that forest
  insects play in the ecosystem
• The Government and Ecosystem Mgt.!

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Forest Entomol. Forest Service Lands?

• (1) Forest Service lands will be managed
• in terms of ecosystem management.
• This is good its what we want.
• Ecosystem mgt. is a statement of
• policy, not a current reality.
• (2) On the other hand, ecosystems
• someday will be managed once they are
• understood! This is the challenging
• role for Forest Entomology in federal forestry.

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Industry For Openers, Three Points

• 1 Timber production in the PNW will become a
  totally self-dependent operation -- few logs from
  USFS will be available!

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Industry?

• 2 Industrial forestry will maximize production
  of desired products from each acre. This
  production will be tied to new technology.

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Industry?

• 3 Forestry, even though based in PNW, will
  become ever more international
• - New partnerships
• - Linked operations
• - Importation of raw and finished products

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Industrial Forestry Continued

• Some truths - Industrial forestry will operate
• on its own land base.
• - Industrial forestry is
• consolidating its land base and buying land
• in the south and internationally.
• - Timber industry closing old mills
• and vying for engineered products
• based on small logs etc. etc.

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More Facts

• For last decade Weyco is buying land and building
  modern mills in the South
• - Columbus MS ¾ billion pulp mill
• - An other mill for diaper fill
• ( ½ billion)
• - Bought timber lands in NZ and Uruguay
• In 1998 Plumcreek sold 107,000 ac in WA and
  bought 538,000 in LA AK, paid 552 MM in 2002
  Plumcreek bought Georgia Pacific Corp.

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Why in South ?

• Forest lands are private in the South. A major
  timber company can practice intensive, market
  driven forestry.
• Weyco, Southern Division, maximizes profits on
  every acre of forest land. Practice 35yr sawlog
  rotation on best sites and 8yr pulpwood rotation
  on poorer sites. Computerized linking between
  where the
• products are with market prices.

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More yet!

• Temple Industries in East Texas runs chipboard
  plant on thinnings from intensively mgt. stands.
• In general there is a large emphasis on new
  product development using chips and wood fiber.
• Weyco just bought two major engineered wood
  products plants in British Columbia.

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Not finished yet!

• Simpson has been closing mills around Shelton.
• Recently a ¾ billion dollar pulp mill in Chile.
  At first mill ran on radiata pine, now on
  eucalyptus that grows faster.
• Pulp plants in WA running on superfast-growing
  hybrid poplar plantations -- Boise Cascade for
  example.
• Big attempts to import logs from Chile, NZ, and
  Russia. etc.

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Industry?

• Final comment! You are all in a great position to
  enter this profession (being a forester) as it
  gets more exciting and international.

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1 Learn another language as an elective, e.g.
Spanish
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Industry Forest Entomology

• In terms of timber management forest
• entomology
• To protect capital investments from losses caused
  by insects!
• To protect ourselves from
• ourselves, i.e. the danger of
• importing raw materials
• with insect hitchhikers!

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Role of Forest Entomology
Thats it

• Topics
• Protecting private forest lands
• Understanding role of insects in federal lands

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Effect of Insect Pests Reduced Growth Rates
Douglas-fir tussock moth
Western Spruce Budworm
But both of these typically fall into the next
category. . .
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Effect of Insect Pests Catastrophic Losses
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Effect of Insect Pests Catastrophic Losses
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In a general sense, insects can directly affect
timber production
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Principles of Pest Management

• Insect control in agriculture is big business a
  10 billion dollar business.
• Periodically applied forest insect control
  involves millions of dollars USFS, Yakama Indian
  Nat., and the DNR spent 1.3million dollars in
  controlling WSBW.
• In agr. and intensive forestry (trees grown on
  short rotation like crops) applied pest control
  is routine.

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What Does Control Mean?

• Simple How many insects do you have to kill to
  stop an outbreak? Dah!

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Example of the Mq

• The western spruce budworm
• Each lays about 170 eggs.
• You collect 1000 pupae and rear them to
• adults 500 are females and 500 males
• Mq (170)(0.5)-1
• (170)(0.5)

Must die.
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By killing 99.8 of the population
Ec
EcTh
WSBW
Time
By killing 98.8 here, Pop. will level off.
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Seed Orchards Expensive
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The point is that its expensive to establish and
maintain seed orchards -- the seeds are real
valuable.
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Douglas-fir cone worm Orchards cant afford to
have the seeds destroyed by this moth
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• The cone worm is a direct pest -- feeds on
• the product you want to produce or sell

(2) This seems true, but how do you know if its
necessary to control the cone worm (Barbara
colfaxiana)?
(3) You better start sampling to see if you are
about to cross the economic threshold.
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Coneworm protection 80.00/ac
Harvesting Packaging 32.00 Marketing
10.00
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• Expected Production 850.00 lbs./ac.
• To make costs sell at 0.423/lb
• i.e. (0.423)(850) 359.20
• III. To make 100 profit 42.30 0.42
• You sell, therefore, at 42.72

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What if production is less than 850 lbs/ac.?
700
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Spraying a Seed Orchard in East Texas
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BLM Eugene Dist. Office

• Environmental Assessment
• Travis Tyrell Seed Orchard Insect Control

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• I. INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND
• This action proposes application of insecticide
  by capsule injection in February and March of
  2004 within the fenced boundaries of Travis
  Tyrrell Seed Orchard

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B. PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE ACTION -The purpose
of the action is to control cone insects which
cause damage and seed loss to Orchard cone
crops. -The level of total insect damage in 2000
was at least 34 and at least 25 in 2001 and
2002. -The potential loss from insect-related
damage in 2004 could be as high as 468 lbs. of
seed (a 468,000 loss).
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• II. ALTERNATIVES
• PROPOSED ACTION
• Application of Imidacloprid by Capsule Injection.

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B. ALTERNATIVE A Application of Esfenvalerate
Insecticide by Aerial (Helicopter) Equipment.
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C. ALTERNATIVE B No Action The Orchard would
not perform pesticide application to control cone
insects. Manual pest management techniques such
as clean picking cones at harvest time and
removing conelets from unstimulated orchards
would continue.