DoD TRANFORMATION:

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DoD TRANFORMATION NET-CENTRIC OPERATIONS
WARFARE
Mr. Michael Howland AFWA Technical
Director/CIO 20 Jun 04
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Overview

• Need for Transformation
• Information Age Transformation
• Net-Centric Operations Warfare (NCOW)
• Old System-of-Systems Approach
• Net-Centric Approach
• Net-Centric Information Technology
• Attributes
• Enablers
• Web Services
• Data Strategy
• Impacts on Meteorology and Oceanography (METOC)
  Community
• Summary

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Need for DoD Transformation

• Driven by changing strategic environment (9-11
  Global War on Terrorism)
• U.S. military superiority cannot be assumed in
  future
• Information Age technologies proliferate
• U.S. dominance will increasingly be challenged in
  novel ways
• Growing asymmetric threats requires new thinking
• Force-on-force challenges likely to increase
• Adversaries seek to take advantage of changes in
  global power relations resulting from transition
  to Information Age
• Tech changes make military transformation
  imperative
• Opportunity to leverage U.S. competitive advantage

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Information Age Transformation

• What we are seeing, in moving from the
  Industrial Age to the Information Age, is what
  amounts to a new theory of war power comes from
  a different place, it is used in different ways,
  it achieves different effects than it did before.
  During the Industrial Age, power came from mass.
  Now power tends to come from information,
  access, and speed. We have come to call that new
  theory of war network-centric warfare. It is not
  only about networks, but also about how wars are
  fought-how power is developed.

VADM Arthur K. Cebrowski, USN
(Ret) Director, Force Transformation IEEE
Spectrum July 2002
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Information Age Transformation

• Translates an Information Advantage into a
  decisive Warfighting Advantage
• Information Advantage - enabled by the robust
  networking of well informed geographically
  dispersed forces
• Characterized by
• Information sharing
• Shared situational awareness
• Knowledge of commanders intent
• Warfighting Advantage - exploits behavioral
  change and new doctrine to enable
• Self-synchronization
• Speed of command
• Increased combat power

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Old System of SystemsApproach
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System of SystemsN-squared Problem
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The SolutionNet-Centric
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The Solution Net Centric Operations Warfare
(NCOW)
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Key IT Desired NCOW Effects

• Dynamic Battle Management human-supervised,
  automated C2
• Seamless Connectivity
• Deliver Timely Actionable Information
  automated machine-to-machine ops thereby
  enabling force application in single-digit
  minutes from the decision to engagement
• Our goal is to see first, understand first, and
  act first. General John P. Jumper Chief of
  Staff, United States Air Force

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Key Net-Centric IT Attributes

• Internet Protocol
• Data packets routed across network, not
  dedicated circuits
• Only Handle Info Once (OHIO)
• Data posted by authoritative sources and
  visible, available, usable to accelerate decision
  making
• Post in parallel
• Business process owners make their data
  available on the net as soon as it is created
• Smart pull (vice smart push)
• Applications encourage discovery users can pull
  data directly from the net or use value-added
  discovery services
• Data centric
• Data separate from applications apps talk to
  each other by posting data

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Key Net-Centric IT Transformational Enablers

• Global Information Grid (GIG) - Bandwidth
  Expansion
• Building the DoD IT Infrastructure
• Connectivity to the tip of the spear
• GIG Enterprise Services (GES)
• Nine Core Enterprise Services (CES)
• Community of Interest (COI) Enterprise Services
• New DoD Net-Centric Data Strategy (COI based)

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Key Net-Centric IT Enabler GIG Enterprise
Services

• Nine Core Enterprise Services
• User Assistant user profilers
• Discovery search activities
• Collaboration
• Messaging exchange of info
• Mediation transformation processing,
  situational awareness support, negotiation,
  publishing
• Storage physical and virtual
• Application common enterprise apps functions
• Security IA, system net security
• Enterprise Systems Management keep it all
  running smoothly
• COI Enterprise Services
• Functionality unique to COI examples within
  METOC COI
• e.g. Grid interpolation translation, METSAT
  projection conversion, units conversion, product
  format conversion, etc.
• Web Services Based

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Web Services Evolution
XML
HTML
Technology
TCP/IP
Programmability
Presentation
Connectivity
FTP, E-mail, Gopher
Innovation
Web Pages
Web Services
Browse the Web
Program the Web
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What are Web Services?

• Standard way of integrating web-based
  applications
• Based on standards
• IP Standard internet backbone protocol
• SOAP Session control protocol
• UDDI Discovery protocol
• WSDL Description of services
• XML Tagging data

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Why Web Services?

• Break down the silo walls and enables standard
  application interoperability
• Ideal for machine-to-machine communications
• Web services are the ultimate in re-usable code
• Integrate functionality of disparite systems into
  an integral system-of-systems

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DoDs Net-Centric Data Strategy

• The Net-Centric Data Strategy (signed May 9,
  2003) is key enabler of DoDs transformation
• The Strategy provides foundation for managing the
  DoDs data in a net-centric environment,
  including
• Ensuring data are visible, accessible, and
  understandable when needed and where needed to
  accelerate decision making
• Tagging of all data (intelligence,
  non-intelligence, raw, and processed) with
  metadata to enable discovery by known and
  unanticipated users in the Enterprise
• Posting of all data to shared spaces for users to
  access except when limited by security, policy,
  or regulations
• Organizing around Communities of Interest (COIs)
  that are supported by Warfighter, Business, and
  Intelligence Domains

The Strategy addresses data environment barriers
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DoD Net-Centric Data Strategy Goals
Key Actions

• Make Data Assets Available to the Enterprise
• Use metadata to describe advertise data assets
  (e.g., documents, web pages, images, etc).
• Create data asset catalogs organize by
  community-defined structure (ontology).
• Post data assets to shared space where Enterprise
  users can access it
• Make System Data and Processes Available to the
  Enterprise
• Define register format semantics of system
  data processes
• Provide reusable/easy-to-call access services to
  make system data processes available to the
  Enterprise

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Net-Centric Data CONOPS
Producers of data maketheir data visible by
advertising their data in catalogs Producers
ensure data is accessible by posting data to a
secure, shared storage space
Producer
Consumer
Streaming video available. Tagged with
discovery metadata video available in shared
space via data access service. Metadata added to
catalog.
Automated search of sources using discovery
metadata. Pull data of interest. Using registered
format, definitions, and core services, translate
into needed structure.
Security Services
(e.g., PKI,
Consumers of data search catalogs to discovery
what data assets are visible Data is accessed
from shared storage space Consumer understands
what the data is because its context and
structure are described
SAML)
Metadata
Global Information Grid
Shared Data
Catalogs
Space
Enterprise
Community
Services
Application Services
(e.g., Web)
Metadata
Registries
The structure and semantics of certain data
assets are provided by developers increasing the
ability to understand and use the data asset
Developer
Understands the data
format to build applications
that post, process,
exchange, and display
information.
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Impacts on METOC Community

• Data, products, and knowledge seamlessly
  integrated in the warfighters decision cycle
• Family of Interoperable Picture (FIOP) overlays
• Seamless machine-to-machine operations
• Stand-alone systems gone with the dinosaurs
• Data integration requires common mapping
  geo-locatable data products (Geospatial
  Information Services (GIS)
• Requires a data-centric focus vs.
  product-centric
• Should reduce bandwidth warfighters get what
  they need not everything we have available
• Tougher to plan communications bandwidth needs

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Impacts on METOC Community (cont)

• Data posted to the GIG ASAP
• Distributed net-centric functionality required
• Warfighter dynamically defines what they want
  through discovery of posted METOC data
• Unit-level obs available to GIG at unit level?
• Current METOC stovepipe, value-added
  functionality available on the GIG as METOC COI
  enterprise services
• Domain authority, product style, formats,
  translations, interpolation, METSAT projection
  conversion, unit conversion, etc.
• Weather Tactical Decision Aids (TDAs) integrated
  with other COI TDAs not a stand-alone operation
• TDAs - a METOC COI enterprise service on the GIG
• TDAs apps will be integrated into warfighter
  systems

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Summary

• DoD Transformation is here!
• Centered around NCOW
• Maximizing capabilities of existing and planned
  systems
• Dynamic, fast paced environment
• DoD METOC must change to meet demands of NCOW
• DoD NCOW implications for cross federal and
  international agency information sharing?????
• Implications of Web Services
• Implications of DoD Data Strategy and use of XML
  
• How do we bridge DoD mandates with Agency
  policies, WMO, ICAO, and IHO?