Title: Academic Days 2005 Windows OS Curriculum Development Kit: What should be there
1Academic Days 2005 Windows OS Curriculum
Development Kit What should be there?
2Presentation Plan
- Core OS education is there a problem?
- What should our goals be?
- Is our current thinking correct?
- Whats next?
3What is the problem?
- Windows specific
- Use of Windows OS in Core OS courses is low
- Is this a Microsoft only problem?
- Why isnt Linux a solution?
- --------------------------------------------------
------------------------ - Operating System courses in general
- CS intake overall is shrinking (USA, UK, ...)
- In particular, OS courses are not attractive
-
Question Is this an accurate view?
4Why is Windows underutilized?
- No Windows source code (Almost Windows Source
Code is available for 150 Universities WW under
Shared Source ) - Current license discourages teaching and
publication - No Windows based instructional system (such as
Nachos, MINIX) - Few Windows OS oriented labs exercise materials
- Inadequate and outdated textbook coverage of
Windows - No academic oriented reference books of Windows
- Limited academic research publications using
Windows - Windows source footprint is large ( 50 large
than Linux) - ABM
Question What else?
5Are students interested in OS classes?
- Most of the CS programs offer a core OS class
during 2nd or 3rd year of study - About 90 will not take further OS classes
-
6Program Goal, Objectives and Scope
- Our goal is to develop and deliver a program for
computer science and engineering undergraduate
and graduate courses that provides modern and up
to date OS knowledge by leveraging Microsoft
software and products - The programs top level objectives are
- Offer Windows based teaching and learning, tools
and materials - Promote presence of Windows in OS courses
world-wide - Increase knowledge of Windows Internals among
students and faculty - Demonstrate the innovations underlying the
Windows solutions - Provide infrastructure for the future academic
research - Support reproducibility requirements for OS
research publications e.g. OSDI, SOSP - Complement other MS Academic initiatives (Shared
Premium Source, Rotor, WinCE)
Scope CS OS courses a. Undergrad courses b.
Graduate courses c. Research and Publications
7Our current thinking
- Program components
- Shared Source Premium Enhance existing
offering - Revise current license
- Add tools out of DDK that academics can use to
rebuild the kernel - Textbook Internals book acceptable to CS faculty
- OS Project Course (Project OZ) New offering
- Undergrad projects based on NT Kernel APIs
- Uses NT subsystem model, with licensed wrapper
for NTAPIs (no Windows sources) - C/C, C, and maybe Java support
- Companion lab project book will supplement OS
textbook - Curriculum Development Kit (CDK) New offering
- Aimed at teaching OS courses
- Provides ACM/IEEE Core OS curriculum content
8Background
Connecting NT and Shared Source Some History
and Architecture
9NT Timeline first 10 years
- 2/89 Coding Begins
- 7/93 NT 3.1 Ships
- 9/94 NT 3.5 Ships
- 5/95 NT 3.51 Ships
- 7/96 NT 4.0 Ships
- 12/99 NT 5.0 a.k.a. Windows 2000 ships
10Unix Timeline first 20 years
- 69 Coding Begins
- 71 First Edition PDP 11/20
- 73 Fourth Edition Rewritten in C
- 75 Fifth Edition Leaves Bell Labs, basis for
BSD 1.x - 79 Seventh Edition One of the best
- 82 System III
- 84 4.2 BSD
- 89 SVR4 Unification of Xenix, BSD, System V
- NT development begins
11History of NT
- Team forms November 1988
- Guys from DEC and from Microsoft
- Build from the ground up
- Advanced PC Operating System
- Designed for for desktops and servers
- Secure, scalable SMP design
- All new code
- Schedule 18months (only missed our date by 3
years)
12History of NT (cont.)
- Initial effort targeted at Intel i860 code-named
N10, hence the name NT which doubled as N-Ten and
New Technology - Most development done on i860 simulator running
on OS/2 1.2 (took about 30 minutes) - Microsoft built a single board i860 computer code
named Dazzle including the supporting chipset and
actually ran a full kernel, memory management,
etc on the machine. - Compiler came from Metaware with weekly UUCP
updates sent to my Sun-4/200. - Microsoft wrote a PE/Coff linker as well as a
graphical cross debugger
13Goal Setting
- First job was to establish high level goals.
- Portability Ability to target more than one
processor, avoid assembler, abstract away machine
dependencies. We purposely started the i386 port
very late in order to avoid falling into a
typical, Microsoft, x86 centric design. - Reliability Nothing should be able to crash the
OS. Anything that crashes the OS is a bug. Very
radical thinking inside of Microsoft considering
Win16 was cooperative multi-tasking in a single
address space, and OS/2 had many similar
attributes with respect to memory isolation - Extensibility Ability to extend the OS over
time - Compatibility With DOS, OS/2, POSIX, or other
popular runtimes. This is the foundation work
that allowed us to invent windows two years into
NT OS/2 development. - Performance All of the above are more important
than raw speed!
14NT Architecture
15Overview of Windows Architecture
- NT is not a microkernel, but does support
user-mode OS personalities (i.e. for posix, OS/2,
Win32) - Primary supported programming interface Win32
- Win32 and other subsystems built on native NT
APIs - NT APIs generally not documented (not intended as
the supported programming model) but specific
APIs are documented in the DDK - Kernel implementation organized around the object
manager - NT APIs are rich (many parameters) and need
refactoring and simplification for student use
16Windows Architecture
17Windows Kernel Organization
- Kernel-mode organized into
- NTOS (kernel-mode services)
- Run-time Library, Scheduling, Executive services,
object manager, services for I/O, memory,
processes, - HAL (hardware-adaptation layer)
- Insulates NTOS drivers from hardware
dependencies - Providers facilities, such as device access,
timers, interrupt servicing, clocks, spinlocks - Drivers
- kernel extensions (primarily for device access)
18Major Kernel Services
- Process management
- Process/thread creation
- Security reference monitor
- Access checks, token management
- Memory manager
- Pagefaults, virtual address, physical frame, and
pagefile management - Services for sharing, copy-on-write, mapped
files, GC support, large apps - Lightweight Procedure Call (LPC)
- Native transport for RPC and user-mode system
services. - I/O manager ( plug-and-play power)
- Maps user requests into IRP requests,
configures/manages I/O devices, implements
services for drivers - Cache manager
- Provides file-based caching for buffer file
system I/O - Built over the memory manager
- Scheduler (aka kernel)
- Schedules thread execution on each processor
19Project OZ Course(code name)(see examples of
the projects in the Appendix)
20The Project OZ Course
- Objectives
- Provide an environment to build a rich set of
projects that explore OS principles by leveraging
the NT subsystem model for implementing OS
personalities - Use real OS features rather than a toy
simulation - Reduce the complexity required to learn build
experiments - A simple development environment, using standard
tools for building, debugging, and
instrumentation - Encourage out-of-the-box thinking by students
21The Project OZ Course
- Caveat
- We are presenting some of our plans very early in
their development to entice feedback from faculty
teaching OS principles to undergrads - Anything presented now may easily change as the
project evolves and we incorporate the advice we
are given
22The Project OZ Course
- OZ Summary
- Library of functions that wrap the native NT APIs
to provide access to low-level primitives to
provide address spaces, threads, exceptions, and
IPC - Languages C/C, C, Java
- A runtime of support functions that simplify
student projects - Documentation for the OZ functions/runtime
- A rich set of projects, with many variations,
that allow students to explore qualitatively (
quantitatively) a large assortment of OS
principles - Tools for instrumentation and measurement
23CDK
24What will CDK cover?
- CDK modules
- cover all OS topics (based on Windows XP/Server
2003) - scaleable to multiple levels
- modular (can be used in whole / in part).
-
- Basic Module will provide materials to
incorporate into a complete basic level OS course
of one semester in length. The module will cover
the Windows OS specific topics in the core and
elective units of the OS BOK of Computing
Curricula 2001. - Advanced Module will provide materials to
incorporate into an advanced level OS course of
one semester in length. The module will cover
the Windows OS specific topics in the core and
elective units of the CC2001 OS BOK as well
as relevant Networking and other units. - All curriculum materials (syllabi, course
outlines, lecture notes, labs, exercises, etc.)
will be available in the MSR Curriculum
Repository. -
25What OS Body of Knowledge topics will CDK cover?
a. Core topics OS1. Overview of operating
systems OS2. Operating system principles OS3.
Concurrency OS4. Scheduling and dispatch OS5.
Memory management b. Elective topics OS6.
Device management OS7. Security and
protection OS8. File systems OS9. Real-time and
embedded systems OS10. Fault tolerance OS11.
System performance evaluation OS12. Scripting c.
Advanced topics A13. Windows networking
A14. Comparing the Linux and Windows Kernels
A15. Windows Unix Interoperability d. Labs and
Exercises to reinforce the topics
Anything else?
26What will CDK consist of?
- Instructors material
- An exemplar course syllabus and outline.
- Classroom materials (i.e. lecture slides, notes
and other supporting materials). - Lab exercises, assignments and testing materials
with notes, manuals and instructions. - Software tools referenced in lecture materials or
used in labs or exercises. - Copy of Windows Internals 4th edition MS Press
book. - Student material
- Any material that should be delivered to student
by professor (i.e. lab assignments, lab set up
and descriptions, tools use instructions) will be
part of Instructors material as stand alone
redist packages. Windows Internals 4th edition
will be a recommended textbook for the course.
27How do we achieve best content and top quality?
- Engage the best available experts
- Tailor to the academic style and requirements
- Conform to the latest ACM/IEEE Computing
Curricula de facto educational standard - Capitalize on 4th Edition Windows Internals book
- best Windows reference material - Build on rich experience of Microsoft OS training
and experienced OS faculty - Validate by independent and randomly selected
academic reviewers WW pilot.
28Whats next
- Our current plans to provide initial input for
next academic year (see Appendix for specific
topics) - Core topics will be available early July 2005
- Elective topics will be available in Fall 2005
- Will be looking for participants in pilots and
trials - If you are interested - let your academic
contact and me know - arkadyr_at_microsoft.com
- Leave your business card /contact details
- More information watch this space in June
- Shared Source
- http//www.microsoft.com/resources/sharedsour
ce - Curriculum Repository on MSDN AA
- http//www.msdnaa.net/curriculum
29Appendix Support Information
30Teaching Core OS Classes
50
15-20
30-35
teaching resources
Theoretical Courses
Mixed Courses
Practical Courses
few labs
labs
many labs
lab resources
System program
OS design
Sysadmin/programming
Kernel modify
System program
Textbooks/Project Books
Windows CE/XPe
Shared Source
Project OZ
CDK
products
Academic papers
Advanced Courses
Research
31What core OS curriculum list looks like?(Based
on Computer Science Curricula - IEEE Computer
Society and ACM Join Task Force)
- Core units / traditional topic based approach
- (15 week /semester)
- CS 225 Operating Systems Lect (hours)
- OS1 Overview of operating systems 2
- OS2 Operating system principles 2
- OS3 Concurrency 6
- OS4 Scheduling and dispatch 3
- OS5 Memory management 5
- CS 230 Net-centric computing
- NC1 Intro to net-centric computing 2
- NC2 Communication and networking 7
- NC3 Network security 3
- NC4 Web as an example of client/server 3
- Other classes
- PF5 Event-driven programming 2
Other (bold) and Related Courses Programming
Fundamentals Adv OSs Architecture and
Organization Graphics and
Visualization Software Engineering and Design
Games Programming Languages Human
Computer Interaction Capstone Courses
Multi-disc research projects Distributed and HP
Systems Web dev courses / projects
32 Virtual PC
- http//www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/virtualpc/
- Virtual PC 2004 as a tool for running several
- versions of Windows simultaneously on one
machine. - It could also be used to run one or more
independent Unix (or Linux, Natchos, etc)
sessions as hosted operating systems under
Windows. You dont have to reboot, an OS can
crash without taking Windows down, and each
session runs real Unix (or Windows, if you
choose). - The virtualized file system allows you to wipe
out changes made during a session, so you can
experiment without rendering the OS unbootable.
And every Virtual PC-hosted OS automatically
inherits (through virtualization) all of the
devices and networking youve set up for Windows.
- It gives us exactly what we need and also allow
students and teachers utilize their Windows
machines. - Virtual PC Availability and Pricing - an
estimated retail price is 129. - It also will be included in Microsoft's MSDN
subscriptions. - (based on my conversation with VPC GPM they can
produce an academic / free version).
33What is our approach?
to provide content in three areas 1.
undergraduate, 2. graduate, 3. research and
publications
- Motivators
- Incentive to Faculty
- 1. Modern, best teaching OS, easy to introduce
modular offerings saves work (No special lab
equipment - use Virtual PC) - 2. Software Engineering tools (Dev. Analysis
and Test Tools) - 3. Research/publication potential
- Why should I change my material?
- Incentive to Students
- Employability 2. Engaging
- 3. Up to date knowledge
- Will this class help me to get a job or a place
in Graduate School?
- Faculty requirements
- Comprehensive, modular and up-to-date curricula
content - Continuation of subjects / Spiral learning /
Non-prescriptive - Flexible in levels (institutions courses) and
delivery (web-based teaching) - Cool topics and technology to attract and retain
students (e.g. Gaming Technology, Mobility,
Embedded, Web development, Robotics, etc. ) - Multidisciplinary topics (engineering business)
- Reference material and textbooks
- University Requirements
- Meet existing curriculum accreditation
industry recognition guide lines - USA ACM/IEEE Body of Knowledge
- WW varies by country (incl. government/industry
requirements)
Question Is this an accurate reflection?
34CDK Core Topics available in early July
- Overview of Operating Systems (Core) OS1
- Windows Operating System Internals Course
Overview (Core) - The Evolution of Operating Systems (Core)
- Windows Operating System Family Concepts
Tools (Core) - Operating System Principles (Core) OS2
- Structuring of the Windows Operating System
(Core) - The Windows API Naming Conventions, Types
(Core) - History of the Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 operating
system (Core) - OS Principles labs, quizzes, and assignments
- Concurrency (Core) OS3
- Critical Sections, Semaphores and Monitors (Core)
- Windows Object Manager, Trap Dispatching,
Synchronization (Core) - Windows Inter-process Communication
(Core/Advanced) - Concurrency labs, quizzes, and assignments
- Scheduling and Dispatch (Core) OS4
- The Concept of Processes and Threads (Core)
- Windows Processes and Threads (Core)
- Windows Process and Thread Internals
(Core/Advanced) - Windows Thread Scheduling (Core)
35CDK elective supplementary topics available
in Fall 2005
- Device Management - The Input/Output System
(Elective) OS6 - Principles of I/O Systems (Elective)
- The Windows I/O System Components (Elective)
- Windows I/O Processing (Elective/Advanced)
- Device Management labs, quizzes, and assignments
- Protection and Security (Elective) OS7
- The Security Problem (Elective)
- Windows Security Components and Concepts
(Elective) - Windows Security Descriptors (Elective/Advanced)
- Security labs, quizzes, and assignments
- File System (Elective) OS8
- Background Unix File Systems (Elective)
- The Windows File System (NTFS) (Elective)
- Encrypting File System Security in Windows OS
(Elective/Advanced) - NTFS Recovery Support (Elective/Advanced)
- Windows File and Directory Management (Elective)
- File System labs, quizzes, and assignments
- Real-time and Embedded Systems (Elective) OS9
- Introduction and Vocabulary (Elective)
36OZ Project examples by Dr. Dave Probertin no
particular order
37Loading Program Images
- Take the sections in a file and load into an
address space - dynamic relocation
- shared libraries
- creating stacks and initial thread contexts
- create environment and other parental state
- Initialize IO descriptors from parent
- Using
- NtCreateProcess to create an NT process container
- NT VM to manage/modify process contents
- NT library functions to take apart images and set
environment - NT thread APIs to execute thread in new process
- NT handle duplication to set IO descriptors
38System Calls
- Communicate requests for system services
- implement basic system calls
- access data cross domains
- parameter validation and penetration testing
- asynchronous operations
- servicing models
- Using
- NT LPC to perform RPC
- NT VM to access/modify child process state
- NT threads to support flow-of-control
39Manage address spaces, physical memory ptes
- Build data structures for managing VM-related
resources - basic data structures and algorithms
- support various page-table models
- Using
- NT VM to implement actual mappings (and shared
memory) for address spaces - NT VM to implement dirty bits
- NT VM shared memory provides page sharing and
simulates physical pages with virtual pages - NT threads provide DMA (for IO)
40Implementing Virtual Memory
- Build various kinds of virtual memory systems
- use previous resource management for addresses,
mem, page tables - page file organization
- replacement algorithms
- shared memory, object/file-backed memory regions
- IO/DMA simulation
- performance measurement of algorithms
- Using
- NT LPC/exceptions to handle page faults
- NT VM to control actual mappings
- NT IO for access to page file
41Create Processes
- Implement processes
- create/delete processes in the Oz world
- use loader project for loading programs
- experiment with different models for process
creation and program execution - implement handle tables for referencing objects
- manage run-down and synchronization issues
- Using
- NT processes to create real VM state (but for
little else)
42Create Threads / Scheduling
- Implement threads
- create/delete threads in an Oz process
- build appropriate data structures to represent
thread - tie into Oz process data structures
- create stacks and manage thread execution context
(PCB) - experiment with ideas like scheduler activations
- implement a scheduler, using different policies,
priorities, etc - add multi-processor support
- Using
- NT threads to represent processors and execute Oz
threads on NT threads (Oz threads are essentially
user-mode threads) - NT APCs (Asynchronous Procedure Calls) to deliver
timer interrupts to running Oz threads
43Synchronization
- Implement various synchronization primitives
- build user-mode, kernel-mode, and hybrid
synchronization primitives of various kinds
(events, rw locks) - extend Oz scheduler to support blocking of
threads - experiment with deadlock issues, priority
inversion - Using
- NT compareswap primitives
44Other project areas
- IO Architecture
- File Systems
- Networking
- System bootstrap
- Performance measurement instrumentation (e.g.
tracing) - Error handling
- Exceptions and traps, stack unwinding
- Management of physical resources
- Management of resource sharing policies
- NUMA multiprocessors
- Security, authentication, ACLs
- Object support
- Namespaces
- Virtual machines