Satellite Research Activities at University of Wisconsin, Space Science

1
Satellite Research Activities at University of
Wisconsin, Space Science Engineering Center
(and the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological
Satellite Studies CIMSS)

• Presentation at the Latin American Data Workshop
• Sao Paulo, Brazil
• August, 2008
• by
• Tom Whittaker
• University of Wisconsin-Madison

2
Who am I?

• Degrees in Meteorology
• Minor in computer science
• 40 years experience in software development
• Piano player
• Worked for the U.S. Weather Bureau and the
  University of Wisconsin-Madison
• Father, and 2 x grandfather
• 3 cats.....

3
Science Engineering

• Observe
• Analyze
• Apply

4
Basic Meteorological Tower

• Basic meteorology observations
• P/T/U/wind speed/wind direction/precip / solar
  radiation
• Since May 2003
• Data archived and displayed real-time in lobby
  and on-line.

5
AERI-Bago

• Winnebago serves as a mobile laboratory
• Deployed over 2 dozen times since 1996
• Rooftop instruments can be deployed with the Bago

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AERI HSRL for Bago operation
Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer 1
from ARM stays here
High Spectral Resolution Lidar for Bago Building
under NSF MRI-
copy of NOAA HIAPER Aircraft system
Eureka, CA System
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The UW-SSEC Scanning HIS

• From 1998 to present, the S-HIS has been
  involved in 23 field experiments on the NASA
  DC-8, NASA ER-2, Scaled Composites Proteus, and
  the NASA WB-57
• Key 2007 Activities NIST TXR, JAIVEx 2007,
  TC4-2007
• During JAIVEx the NASA WB-57 completed 10
  science flights totaling roughly 50 science
  flight hours, with the S-HIS collecting science
  data for approximately 49 of these 50 science
  flight hours (98), with no loss of at-altitude
  data
• During TC4 the NASA ER-2 completed 11 science
  flights totaling roughly 66 science flight hours,
  with the S-HIS collecting science data for
  roughly 64.9 of these 66 science flight hours
  (98.25)

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Joint Airborne IASI Validation Experiment (JAIVEx)

• IASI on MetOp-A 1st advanced sounder in the
  US/European Joint Polar System
• JAIVEx 1st US-European collaboration in US
  focusing on validation of radiance and
  geophysical products from MetOp-A

BAe-146-301
WB-57
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Metop-A IASI Spectra Example compared to S-HIS
NAST-I, AIRS CrIS
Dave Tobin
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New IASI Sounder on MetOp A Aircraft Validation
CART-site
CART site
MetOp Aqua
MetOp Aqua
MetOp- Night
Night
Gulf- Night
CART site
CART-site
Day
MetOp Aqua
MetOp Day
MetOp Aqua
MetOp Aqua
Gulf - Day
Gulf - Day
Joint Airborne IASI Validation Experiment,
April/May 2007
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Tropical Composition Cloud Climate Coupling
(TC-4)
NASA Photo

• Objective investigate the structure, properties
  and processes in the tropical Eastern Pacific
• 26 science flights
• gt600 total personnel

ScanningHIS
Satellite Simulator
65K55K40K
Mid-Upper Clouds
ER2
Chem/Clouds in TTL Strat
WB57
Costa Rica, July/Aug 2007
DC8
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TC-4 2007 Scanning HIS in Google Earth

• Galapagos Islands 6 August 2007Terra MODIS
  image

• Saharan Air Mass 19 July 2007Aqua MODIS image

S-HIS 900 cm-1MODIS band 31
Joe Taylor
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GOES-10 _at_ 60 West A Wisconsin Perspective
GOES-10 usually routinely scans the southern
hemisphere with both the Sounder and Imager
instruments. SSEC data center brings in the
data with a new tracking antenna (from NOAA).
Many uses of the GOES-10 data stream through out
the hemisphere. CIMSS at University of
Wisconsin-Madison is producing experimental
Sounder products http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes
/rt/goes10.php CIMSS improved GOES sounding
algorithm/software was provided to Rodrigo Souza
of Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE,
Brazil) for operational GOES-10 Sounder
processing in South America (SA), as part of the
GEOSS-Americas capacity building. GEOSS
Americas/Caribbean Remote Sensing Workshop given
Nov 26-30 in Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo,
Brazil. In addition to lectures, several hands-on
laboratory exercises include weighting functions,
brightness temperature transects and case
studies. Participates hail from Argentina,
Brazil, Bolívia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Equador, México, Paraguai, Peru, Uruguay and
Venezuela.
GOES-10 Sounder Lifted Index (LI) Derived Product
Image (DPI)
Tim Schmit
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GOES-N/13

• GOES-13 has similar instruments to GOES-8-12,
  but a new bus
• Improvements to the navigation and registration,
  as well as radiometrics. Plus, less outages!
• Post Launch Check-out of imager and sounder
  conducted. Discovered GOES-13 Imager 13.3 um
  band too cold. (NOAA Tech memo 125)

GOES-N/P -- Position of the boom allows for
colder detectors and hence less instrument noise
Tim Schmit
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Terra Aqua Ground Station
MODIS and AIRS data in realtime
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SSEC Data Center

• GOES archive since the beginning
• Now ALL data on-line
• Other GEO (MSG, MTSAT, etc)
• Fly-Over data
• Relay (NOAA, MetOp, FY2)
• Surface Upper-Air observations

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To Analyze

• Google Earth, A new tool
• GOES-R Product Algorithms (AWG)
• Clouds
• Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) from AIRS
• Surface emissivity
• Dust Properties from AERI
• Hurricane/Tropical Cyclone Analyses
• Venus
• Outer Planets

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Liam Gumley, Amato Evan and Bill Bellon
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AVHRR in Google Earth too
Amato Evan, Liam Gumley, and Bill Bellon
20
GOES-R Processing led by NOAA with Cooperative
Institutes!
Wayne Feltz

• Soundings (Chris Barnet, Tim Schmit)
• Winds (Jaime Daniels, Chris Velden)
• Clouds (Andy Heidinger)
• Aviation (Ken Pryor, Wayne Feltz)
• Aerosols / Air Quality / Atmospheric Chemistry
  (Shobha Kondragunta, Steve Ackerman/Chris
  Schmidt/Brad Pierce)
• Land Surface (Dan Tarpley, Chris Schmidt/Elaine
  Prins)
• Cryosphere (Jeff Key)
• SST and Ocean Dynamics (Alexander Ignatov)
• Radiation Budget (Istvan Lazslo)
• Lightning (Steve Goodman)
• Space Environment (Steven Hill)
• Hydrology (Robert Kuligowski)
• Visualization (FY2008)
• Proxy Data (Fuzhong Weng, Allen Huang/Tom
  Greenwald)
• Algorithm Integration (Walter Wolf, Maciek
  Smuga-Otto/Graeme Martin)
• Cal/Val (Changyong Cao, Dave Tobin)

SSEC AWG Involvement in Blue AWG Chair listed
first Local SSEC/CIMSS POC underlined/italics
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Large-scale WRF Model Simulations Used for GOES-R
Research ActivitiesA. Huang, J. Otkin, T.
Greenwald, E. Olson, J. Sieglaff, and M. Gunshor

• Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model
  was used to generate physically realistic
  atmospheric profile datasets
• TOA radiances calculated using the Successive
  Order of Interaction (SOI) radiative transfer
  model

Proxy ABI 11.2 ?m Tb (K)

• Two large simulations were recently performed
  on a supercomputer at the National Center for
  Supercomputing Applications at the University of
  Illinois
• First simulation was configured to represent
  potential GOES-R scanning regions (i.e. full
  disk, CONUS, and a special mesoscale domain)

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GOES-R Volcanic Ash Detection

• Small Eruption of Mount Etna
• New IR-only probabilistic ash detection technique
  is able to capture optically thin volcanic ash
  cloud
• Atmospheric correction allows for greater
  sensitivity!

Credit Mike Pavolonis and Justin Sieglaff
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• GOES-R Cloud Phase Development
• IR-only cloud emissivity-based phase algorithm
  out-performs traditional techniques

Credit M. Pavolonis
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MODIS Marine Stratus Cloud Height
Over-Estimation found and fixed
25
UW Baseline Fit Emissivity databaseS. W.
Seemann, E.E. Borbas
Dataset available http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/ire
mis/ (64 registered users since Sept
2006) JAMC paper in press Seeman et al.
Development of a Global Infrared Land Surface
Emissivity Database for Application to Clear Sky
Sounding Retrievals from Multi-spectral Satellite
Radiance Measurements.

• Applications/Users
• MODIS Atmospheric Retrievals MOD07 (UW,NASA DAAC)
• IMAPP/AIRS retrievals (UW)
• Climate Monitoring SAF (EUMETSAT)
• AIRS Retrieval of Dust Optical Depths (UMBC/ASL)
• IASI-Metop Cal/Val (CNES, France)
• IASAI retrieval (EUMETSAT, UW)
• Retrieval of hot spot data from AATSR (ESA)
• Energy balance from ASTER over glacier (Univ of
  Milan)
• AIRS trace gas retrieval (Stellenbosch
  University, South-Africa, JCET-UMBC)
• Education (Seoul National Univ. NTA, Konstantin)
• SEVIRI water vapor retrievals (UW, EOS)
• SEVIRI aerosol retrieval (Univ Oxford)
• SEVIRI cloud and ozone retrieval (EUMETSAT)
• SEVIRI cloud phase, other cloud top parameter
  retrievals(KNMI)
• LST retrievals from GOES-R (NOAA NESDIS)
• OSS calculations (AER)
• CRTM (JCSDA)
• AIRS NWP model assimilation (UKMO)

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Hyperspectral IR emissivity retrieval
Credit Jinling Li, Jun Li, et al.
27
Understanding the role dust plays in Atlantic
hurricane activity
Using real-time information from the AVHRR
satellites, we observed that dust storm activity
this summer was stronger than it has been in the
last 7-years, likely leading to cooler Atlantic
Ocean temperatures and lower-than-expected
hurricane activity.
w/o dust
w/dust
Via a new AVHRR-driven model we have estimated
what seasonal tropical cyclone activity over the
Atlantic could have been like if there was no
atmospheric dust cover. Climatological dust
activity has added to the trend of increasing
hurricane activity that is more often associated
with global warming.
Seasonal hurricane intensity
Evan, A. T., A. K. Heidinger, J. P. Kossin, C. S.
Velden, et al. (2007) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.,
revision in review.
28
New IR Soundings Depict Hurricane Eye Structure
Elisabeth Weisz, Jun Li
Single field-of-view AIRS soundings demonstrate
new technique for evaluating hurricanes
29
Morphed Hourly Microwave Water Vapor Product
MIMIC

• Composites from 3 polar- orbiting satellites
• Complete global coverage
• Near-real time
• Used for forecasting tropical cyclone
  development

Tony Wimmers and Chris Velden CIMSS tropical
cyclones group
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LIDAR research
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To Apply

• National Weather Service Access to SSEC/CIMSS
  Products
• Processing Packages for Direct Broadcast Sites
• Air Quality Forecasts
• Water Erosion Modeling
• Aviation Weather
• CIMSS Winds for Thunderstorm Forecasting
• Wildfire Detection
• Geospatial Applications
• CRAS forecasts over China
• CLARREO Climate Benchmark

32
CIMSS MODIS DB 1-km Land Surface T as viewed
with AWIPS
33
International MODIS/AIRS Processing Package
(IMAPP) Proposal to NASA Has been funded for
the 8th, 9th and 10th year
Allen Huang, Liam Gumley, Kathy Strabala, Jun Li,
Jun Huang, Elisabeth Weisz
The freely available International MODIS/AIRS
Processing Package (IMAPP) has provided more than
150 Direct Broadcast stations around the
world. IMAPP handles DB data from the MODIS,
AIRS, AMSU, and AMSR-E instruments to provide a
suite of geophysical products derived from single
sensor and combined sensor observations. IMAPP
team also conducts training workshops to train
and educate users. Workshops have been conducted
in 1) Perth, Australia 2) Nanjing, China 3)
Beijing, China 4) Taipei, Taiwan 5) Andoya,
Norway and 6) Pretoria, South Africa.
34
INTERNATIONAL POLAR ORBITING PROCESSING PACKAGE
(IPOPP) FOR DIRECT BROADCAST USERS A Proposal to
Integrated Program Office (IPO) of NOAA Now
funded for 5 years from 1 June 2007 to 31 May 2012
Allen Huang, Liam Gumley, Kathy Strabala

• Role of CIMSS for IPOPP
• Develop a modular S/W processing package modeled
  after IMAPP
• Focus on Atmosphere EDRs, Utilities, and CAL/VAL
• Prototype and validate multi-platform
  compatibility
• Deliver and Support Open Source package via
  website
• Provide Training Workshops and Educate
  Students/Scientists
• Maintain Website for access by DB Community

35
Impact of Assimilated O3 and CO Boundary
Conditions on WRF-CHEM Air Quality Predictions
Researchers at NOAA Earth Systems Research
Laboratory (ESRL), in collaboration with
researchers at SSEC, NOAA/NESDIS, and the NASA
Langley Research Center used global ozone (O3)
and carbon monoxide (CO) analyses from the
Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS)
chemical assimilation to investigate the
influence of time-dependent boundary conditions
on WRF-CHEM air quality forecast system O3 and CO
predictions during the 2006 NOAA TEXAQS field
mission. O3 columns and O3/CO profile retrievals
from the OMI and TES on the NASA Aura satellite
were used to constrain the RAQMS chemical
analysis.
Surface Difference August, 2006 (RAQMS B.C.s
minus control)
15km Difference August, 2006 (RAQMS B.C.s minus
control)
Largest differences in surface O3 occurred over
the western US (5-7ppbv increases) due to high
surface elevations and significant boundary layer
entrainment
O3
O3
Differences in 15km O3 (gt /- 100ppbv) and CO
(gt30ppbv) where associated with improved
representation of meridonal gradients in the
upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.
Largest differences in surface CO occurred over
the NE US and US-Canadian border (10-20ppbv
increases) and over the Gulf of Mexico (10-20ppbv
decreases)
CO
CO
Brad Pierce,Todd Schaak,Allen Lenzen,et al.
36
Comparison with August 2006 IONS Ozonesondes
Comparison with IONS Ozonesondes shows that RAQMS
BCs lead to significant improvements in WRF-CHEM
O3 predictions at northern (Bratts Lake, SK) and
central (Table Mountain, CA) parts of the
forecast domain, but introduces systematic low
biases in upper tropospheric WRF-CHEM O3
predictions in the southern part of the forecast
domain (Houston, TX).
The use of current satellite composition
measurements and Air Quality modeling systems
contributes to the design of future operational
systems for utilization of GOES-R and NPOESS
composition measurements.
Brad Pierce
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Jet Streak Highlight from Norman OK by Bob Rabin
Wind shear associated with90 kt upper level jet
near deadly F5 tornado shows potential of
satellite winds

• CIMSS satellite wind algorithm is being applied
  to mesoscale thunderstorm research at NSSL
• Real-time analysis of GOES water vapor winds
  updated every 30 mins available on the web

GOES-12 water vapor imageand mesoscale water
vapor wind analysis, 5 May 2007, 0215 UTC
42
GOES WF_ABBA Documents Expansion of Fire
Activity in South America
Many of the red regions along the arc of
deforestation indicate areas of expanded fire
activity from 2000 to 2006.
43
CRAS Forecasts
New Domain over China-Ready for the Olympics
Now covers the polesand South America too!
Bob Aune
44
CIMSS Research

• Atmosphere and Land
• Winds
• Temperature and Water Vapor vertical profiles
• Surface Emissivity
• Clouds
• Tropical Cyclones
• Fire Detection
• Land moisture
• Calibration and Validation
• Instrument Development
• S-HIS
• AERI
• Field Campaigns
• Outreach
• International Training Coursed (Remote Sensing
  Seminars)
• Workshops

45
Winds Program
46
MODIS (left) vs. AIRS (right) Radiance-tracked
Winds
A test was performed to track AIRS radiance
features from a WV channels for one case on 7
April 2004. The AIRS channel chosen was close to
the 6.7 ?m MODIS band used for real-time polar
winds processing. The reduction in the number of
vectors is similar to the spatial resolution
factor between MODIS and AIRS.
47
Hyperspectral Altitude Resolved Water Vapor Wind
Retrieval and Validation
Simulated GIFTS winds (left) versus GOES
operational winds (right)
48
AIRS Retrieval Moisture Fields
500mb 700mb
850mbSpecific humidity fields from SFOV AIRS
retrievals
49
Montage of GOES-9, -10 and -12 Sounder data,
showing 7.0µm imagery (top panel), 13.7µm imagery
(middle), and Total Precipitable Water (TPW)
Derived Product Imagery (DPI, bottom), from 23UTC
on 13 June 2005.
7 um
13.7 um
TPW
50
Providing access at CIMSS to real-time data in
the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced
Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS) for
monitoring and training of NESDIS satellite
products, such as the GOES Sounder Derived
Product Imagery (DPI)
The same Lifted Index (stability) GOES DPI
Four sources of DPI Current 5x5 _at_ Ops Exp SFOV _at_
CIMSS Exp SFOV _at_ FPDT Exp SFOV _at_ Ops
Captured from AWIPS workstation at CIMSS
51
Advanced Satellite Aviation-weather Products
(ASAP) Satellite Derived Fieldshttp/cimss.ssec.w
isc.edu/asap
Cloud Top Altitude/Mask
Turbulence
Volcanic Ash
Convection
Validation
Mt St Helens AVHRR Ash Cloud Height Estimate
Textbox for Figure Description
52
Hyperspectral Atmospheric Sounding Profile
Retrieval and Validation
53
Tropical Cyclone
The TC program at CIMSS is a good example of how
a successful research program can evolve,
maintaining a vigorous research program. A
chronology of CIMSS research on tropical cyclone,
including student involvement.
54
Biomass Burning
ABBA Results GOES-8 1995-2002 Fires pixels vs.
Julian Day
1145UTC
2045 UTC
55
An example of a possible future WFABBA realtime
application Seabreeze enhanced fire in
Florida On 5 April 2004 a wildfire south of
Tallahassee, FL suddenly flared in response to a
seabreeze front. The fire appeared on GOES
WF_ABBA imagery approximately 30 minutes prior to
the plume enhancement as seen by the Tallahassee
NWS radar. The seabreeze is also visible on the
radar loop. Imagery of this type could be
generated for regions of interest on a realtime
basis.
56
GOES WF_ABBA Observations of Fire Activity in the
Tri-Frontier from 2000 2004
Brazil
Bolivia
Peru
A
B
The difference plots show fire pixels unique to
each year and can show regions of expansion of
fire activity in the tri-frontier. At location A
(along a new road in Acre, Brazil) there does not
seem to be significant expansion of fire into new
areas during the time period from 2000 to 2004,
while at location B there appears to be more fire
activity.
57
IDEA aerosol trajectory model example
IDEA (Infusing Data into Environmental
Applications)
MODIS is the best instrument for retrieving
quantified aerosol content over the U.S. and
surrounding areas. Here, smoke plumes over the
Gulf of Mexico (from biomass burning in the
Yucatan) are projected to advect to Florida in 15
hours.
6 hr trajectories
15 hr trajectories
2005/03/24 21Z
2005/03/25 06Z
Initial image 2005/03/24 15Z
58
Dust Optical Thickness Retrieval Results from
SEVIRI
59
True color Aqua-MODIS images capturing an
eruption of Manam, PNG on October 24, 2004, 0355
UTC.

• New multi-spectral algorithm is much more
  effective than the standard reverse absorption
  technique at identifying ash plume.
• The new technique also provides information on
  the location of ice clouds that are contaminated
  with volcanic aerosols.

Credit David Innes
New algorithm
Standard reverse absorption technique
60
Sheveluch, Russia August 28, 2000
Terra/MODIS 2355Z
CO2-slicing yields heights at approximately 10-11
km, video estimate is 14 to 16 km, MODIS is 80
minutes after eruption.
Credit Mike Richards
61
Clouds at CIMSS
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Outreach and Education
2004 High School Student Workshop on
Atmospheric, Earth Space Science
Satellite Meteorology CD http//cimss.ssec.wisc.ed
u/satmet Linked to the NESDIS and NPOESS Web
pages!

28 teachers have registered for for the 2005
Teacher Workshop scheduled for June 28th 29th
2004 Teacher Workshop in Satellite Meteorology
63
Scott Bachmeier, Scott Lindstrom
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Scott Bachmeier
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University of Wisconsin-Madison USA Space
Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) http//www.s
sec.wisc.edu Cooperative Institute for
Meteorological Satellite Studies
(CIMSS) http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu