P1252109394JFsge

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Winter time T-PARC planning
Yucheng Song IMSG at
EMC/NCEP/NOAA Zoltan Toth
EMC/NCEP/NWS/NOAA
http//www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/gmb/ens/T-PARC_IPY.ht
ml
Princeville, Kauai, Hawaii 4-6 December 2007
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WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM

• Dave Emmitt Simpson Weather Assoc.
• Chris Doyle Meteorological Service of Canada
• Alexander Kats Roshydromet, Russia
• Gary Wick ESRL/NOAA, CO
• Dehui Chen CMA
• David Richardson ECMWF

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Overview

• Platforms planned
• Decision making process
• Real time parallel at NCEP

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PROPOSED OBSERVING PLATFORMS

• NOAA and NASA satellites
• G-lV out of Japan, 120 hrs in Jan-Feb period
• G-IV 45,000 feet high, centering around 00z
• C-130 covering the mid Pacific over the same
  time period (USAF)
• C-130 30,000 feet high, centering around 00z
• P3 (or other asset)
• East Pacific or western US (planned contribution
  by HMT/NOAA)
• Enhanced Siberian network
• Potential Roshydromet / NOAA and/or NRL
  contribution
• Tibetan Plateau
• Asian THORPEX community contribution
• Other possible platforms (see T-PARC plan)
• Global Hawk from Dryden
• Contributions from NOAA UAV program
• Rapid scan satellite data (Nakazawa-San)
• Contributions from Japan

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Two Types of NOAA Satellite Programs
Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental
Satellites(POES)
Geostationary Operational Environmental
Satellites (GOES)
Geostationary Satellites
Polar Orbiting Satellites
N
Fairbanks,
Data Acquisition Site Wallops, Virginia
Wallops, Virginia
Fairbanks, Alaska
N
Wallops, Virginia
Data Acquisition Sites
Subsatellite Point
540 Mi
Equator
Equator
22,240 Mi
S
Orbit Path
S
Continuously monitors the Western Hemisphere
Each satellite covers the entire Earth twice per
day

• Same geographic image over time
• Full image every 30 minutes
• Northern Hemisphere imaged every 15 minutes
• Usable images between 60N and 60S
• Information is used for short-term weather
  forecasting and severe storm warning/tracking

• Each orbit is 102 minutes
• Global coverage every 12 hours with 1 satellite
• Images are global and include the poles
• Information is used for long-term weather
  forecasting and climate monitoring

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PROPOSED OBSERVING PLATFORMS
Extensive observational platforms during T-PARC
winter phase allow us to track the potential
storms and take additional observations as the
perturbation propagate downstream into Arctic and
US continents
Day 3-4 Radiosondes Russia
Arctic VR
Day 5-6 Radiosondes Tibet
CONUS VR
D 2-3 G-IV
D 1-2 C-130 UAS
D-1 UAS P-3
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Platforms planned

• G-IV Stationed in Japan
• (Japan contacts Yoshio Asuma and Tetsuo Nakazawa
  )
• Can reach 45,000 feet high, centered on 00Z UTC
• Maximum range3800 nmi
• Maximum duration 8 hrs 45 mins
• Contribution from NWS WSR program
• Backbone of the whole program
• Requested 120 flight hours 360 dropsondes
• ISSUES
• Air traffic control
• Yokota or Misawa AFB, Japan?
• (AOC contacts Jack Parrish and Michele Finn)

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G-IV Stationed in Japan
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C-130

• C-130 out of Anchorage (USAF)
• Can reach 35,000 feet high, centered on 00Z UTC
• Maximum range 1800nmi
• Maximum duration 10 hrs
• Part of NCEP WSR program

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Russia Roshydromet

• Alexander Kats
• Nina Zaitseva
• Dr. Ivanov (Director of CAO)
• Dr. Mikhail D. Tsyroulnikov

ISSUES Roshydromet could not pay for the extra
sondes.  Istvan Szunyogh proposals for both the
WMO Voluntary Cooperation Program (VCP) funding
and Wilderness Research Foundation
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Enhanced Siberian network

• Additional 06 and 18 UTC observations from the
  subset of about 40 designated operational
  stations about 6 weeks
• - Space and time distribution (and may be amount
  of additional observations on each station) will
  be uneven depending from the weather conditions.
  - They will be carried out during ten fifteen
  24-h intensive observing periods (IOPs) with
  6-hrs soundings in some sensitive areas to be
  determined during the campaign depending from
  the weather conditions - Depending on
  geographical location of sensitive area, during
  each IOP about 20 of the available 40 stations
  will be requested (in 18-24 hrs prior to the IOP
  beginning) to produce two additional 06 and 18
  UTC soundings.

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Continued

• Expected maximum total amount of additional
  soundings during the campaign is 15 (IOP) x 20
  (sites) x 2 (extra soundings) 600 soundings.
• Taking into account possible uneven distribution
  of sounding it is necessary to have on each
  stations consumables for some 25 additional
  soundings to avoid running out of consumables at
  any of the stations before the end of the
  campaign.
• This gives us maximum amount of additional
  consumables to be distributed for as many as 25
  (soundings) x 40 (sites) 1000 soundings.
  Remaining consumables will be used for the
  regular soundings after the end of the campaign.

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Additional stations that we suggested
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Additional stations requested by winter T-PARC
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Expected stations by the end of 2009
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ONR P-3

• Use DWL on P3 to profile winds below at flight
  level

The ELDORA radar is provided by NCAR. The P3DWL
is provided by ONR. The two possible locations
for the P3DWL are noted as (1) or (2).
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P3 Platform
Platform Manned aircraft with Wind Lidar/dropsonde capability (ONR P3) Manned aircraft with Wind Lidar/dropsonde capability (ONR P3)
Base West Coast West Coast
Capabilities Duration/length in flight Altitude Low altitude -2500nm or 9.5hrs, High altitude 3800nm 11.5hrs 27000 feet (ceiling) Low altitude -2500nm or 9.5hrs, High altitude 3800nm 11.5hrs 27000 feet (ceiling)
Observation types Temperature, humidity, wind speed Temperature, humidity, wind speed
Cost of deployment 8k / flight hour, plus ferry (15 hrs) 8k / flight hour, plus ferry (15 hrs)
Number of flights 200K US plan 2 wks 1-3 flights (depending on ferry and dropsonde cost sharing) 400K US plan One month 3-5 flights (depending on ferry and dropsonde cost sharing)
Potential collaborators/sponsors/funding NOAA Wind Lidar Working Group (Wayman Baker) Simpson Weather Associate(Dave Emmitt may bring Lidar equipment at no cost to program) ONR Sharing ferry etc cost may be possible NOAA Wind Lidar Working Group (Wayman Baker) Simpson Weather Associate(Dave Emmitt may bring Lidar equipment at no cost to program) ONR Sharing ferry etc cost may be possible
Advantages Dropsondes capability and Doppler Wind Lidar installation Dropsondes capability and Doppler Wind Lidar installation
Disadvantages No as high as G-IV, some severe weather conditions may limit the manned flights No as high as G-IV, some severe weather conditions may limit the manned flights
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P3DWL
The MLX-16 coherent Doppler lidar built by LMCT
for the US Army (ARL).
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Scanner
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P3DWL data Description

• Nominal vertical domain 0 6 km (assumes flight
  level 6.5 km) Line-of-sight products
• Nominal spacing between profiles 2 km (500m with
  90 deg sector processing)
• Vertical resolution 50 meters
• Accuracy U and V components.05 m/s (assuming
  homogeneous wind field)
• Accuracy W component.1 m/s
• Additional data collection capabilities All
  angles within 30 degrees of nadir All
  angles within 30 degrees of flight path
• DWL wind profiles Buffer format, real time
  processing, single profile file size about 10 KB

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Global Hawk

• Contacts
• NOAA
• Gary Wick PSD/ESRL/NOAA
• Todd Jacobs NOAA
• NASA
• David Fratello DFRC Systems engineer
• Chris Naftel DFRC Project Manager
• Phillip Hall OMAO/NASA
• ISSUES
• Air traffic control
• Lidar and dropsonde capability?

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NOAA THORPEX POTENTIAL OBSERVATION SYSTEM
ENHANCEMENT FOR WINTER T-PARC (JAN 09 MAR 09)
Platform NASA Global Hawk
Base Dryden, CA (65 miles northeast of LA) Edwards AFB
Duration/Altitude 31 hours / 65,000 feet
Maximum range 11,000nmi
Observation types Temperature, humidity, wind speed
Dimensions Wingspan 116.2ft 44.4ft (L) 15.2ft(H) 4.8ft(W)
Payload gt 1500 lb
Potential collaborators/ sponsors/funding NOAA UAS program (Gary Wick, Todd Jacobs)
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NASA Global HAWK dimensions and payload
compartments
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Potential for High Altitude UAS Availability

• NOAA UAS program actively pursuing a joint
  demonstration in March 2009
• Would utilize NASA Global Hawk with operations
  from NASA Dryden
• Plans for completion of a dropsonde system by
  March 1
• Potential for flights joint with studies of
  atmospheric rivers
• Schedule is very challenging but not impossible
• Primary hurdles
• NOAA UAS program not yet funded
• No formal commitment of aircraft availability
  from NASA
• Potential FAA limitations on release of
  dropsondes from unmanned aircraft

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Global Hawk Endurance From NASA Dryden
20 hr
15 hr
25 hr
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Chinese participation

• CMA contact person Dehui Chen
• chendh_at_cma.gov.cn
• Jing Chen
• chenj_at_cma.gov.cn
• CAMS Chinese Academy for Meter. Sci.

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TIBET OBSERVATION NETWORK

• IMPORTANCE OF TIBET PLATEAU
• Origin of many storm systems in the Northern
  Hemisphere
• Well known important diabatic heating and dynamic
  forcing effects
• Strong influence on East Asia jet stream and
  downstream weather
• HOW THE DATA WILL CONTRIBUTE
• Look for possible ways to take adaptive RAOB
  observations
• a. Fixed intensive observation periods (Jan
  09 Mar 09)
• b. Adaptive observing (ETKF or other methods)
• Optimize Chinese observational network
• Fill data gap in the network
• Assimilate data into different DA systems
• PROGRESS
• GPS sondes, profilers and an array of surface
  mesoscale networks
• Which are expected to leave in place after the
  field phase of T-PARC

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Network for Tibetan E-Plateau observation
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Decision Making

• Communication setup (webpage and emails)
• Identify High impact weather (HIW) events
• Inputs from US field offices, research interest
  groups, Canada, Mexico in advance
• Sensitive Area Calculations (SACs)
• Run NCEP targeting software
• DTS (ECMWF/UK MET OFFICE)
• NRL targeting and others?
• Select tracks and stations
• Fixed tracks for easier air traffic control?
• Flexible tracks (UAV)?
• Siberia/Tibet Plateau stations
• Decisions sent out
• 18-36 hours ahead of time
• Flexibility of change with 24 hours notification

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Canada and Mexico

• Contacts
• Chris Doyle (Canada)
• Ricardo Prieto González (Mexico)
  ltrprieto_at_tlaloc.imta.mxgt
• Juan M. Caballero (Mexico)
• jmcaballero_at_semar.gob.mx

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Contribution from Mexico

• Extra-Rawinsondes (if expendable material is
  provided)
• Ensemble evaluation for the Mexican region
• At least one meteorologist volunteering in
  operational activities

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Plans for real time parallel at NCEP

• Data denial experiment
• T126 control and operational experiments
• Impact
• Conventional metrological fields, differences
  display alongside the operational forecast and
  analysis
• Verification
• Post field program period
• Legacy programs (Fit to obs, fit to analysis,
  scores)
• KEY ISSUE T-PARC identity BUFR headers

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Small UAV

• Contacts
• Gary Wick PSD/ESRL/NOAA
• Todd Jacobs NOAA
• John Porter U of Hawaii
• ISSUES
• Which UAV to choose?
• Air traffic control
• How to allocate the funds for UAV and P3?

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NOAA THORPEX POTENTIAL OBSERVATION SYSTEM
ENHANCEMENT FOR WINTER T-PARC (JAN 09 MAR 09)
Platform UAV-based observation UAV-based observation
Base Hawaii Hawaii
Capabilities Duration/length in flight Altitude 24hrs at 50 miles per hour 12000 feet 24hrs at 50 miles per hour 12000 feet
Observation types Temperature, humidity, wind speed Temperature, humidity, wind speed
Possible companies Aerosonde Robotic Aircraft (Australia company) Arcturus UAV (California company) Williams Aerospace (Hawaii company) Aerosonde Robotic Aircraft (Australia company) Arcturus UAV (California company) Williams Aerospace (Hawaii company)
Cost of deployment 160K to buy system Cost of rent information pending 160K to buy system Cost of rent information pending
Number of flights 200K US plan 2wk with 5 24hr flight 400K US plan 4wk with 15 24hr flight
Type of Operation Continuous sounding (up to max height, then down near surface, then back again ) Continuous sounding (up to max height, then down near surface, then back again )
Potential collaborators/sponsors/funding NOAA UAS program (Gary Wick, Todd Jacobs) Canadian MSC (Chris Doyle) University of Hawaii (John Porter) NOAA Climate Program (Julian Wang) NOAA UAS program (Gary Wick, Todd Jacobs) Canadian MSC (Chris Doyle) University of Hawaii (John Porter) NOAA Climate Program (Julian Wang)
Advantages Efficient and can operate in conditions not suitable for manned aircraft Efficient and can operate in conditions not suitable for manned aircraft
Disadvantages Low altitude, so far no capability of releasing dropsondes Low altitude, so far no capability of releasing dropsondes
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MAHALO!!