Ambient Networks: Mobile Communication Beyond 3G

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Ambient Networks Mobile Communication Beyond 3G
Guest lecture in the course Distributed Systems
Uppsala University2006-12-05

• Anders Gunnar
• Swedish Institute of Computer Science
• anders.gunnar_at_sics.se

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The Network Vision
Services and Applications
New air interface
Download channel
DAB
Wireline
DVB
xDSL
IP based core network Networked services
cellular
WLAN

Return channel
GSM
IMT-2000
UMTS
Edge networks
Bluetooth, IR, UWB, Mesh Sensor, M2M, Dust
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Ambient Networks Strategic Objectives

• Scalable Affordable networking supporting the
  dynamics of wireless access
• Provide rich easy to use communication services
  for all in a cost effective manner
• Increase competition and dynamic cooperation of
  various players
• Allow incremental market introduction of new
  technologies

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Network Challenges in the Wireless World

• Heterogeneity
• Terminal ? PANs
• Vertical ? Horizontal layering
• Network intelligence ?Edge
• Cellular vs. IP
• Multi-service, - operator, - access
• Affordability
• User in the centre
• Trust Model
• Always connected

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Outline

• The Ambient Networks Concept
• Components of the Architecture
• Technical Solutions
• Node ID Architecture
• Project organisation
• Project Partners
• Timeline
• Organisation
• Summary

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The Ambient Networks Concept
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Requirements posed on theAN Architecture

• Heterogeneous Networks
• Mobility
• Composition
• Security and Privacy
• Backward Compatibility and Migration
• Network Robustness and Fault Tolerance
• Quality of Service
• Multi-Domain Support
• Accountability
• Context Communications
• Extensibility of the Network Services Provided
• Application Innovation and Usability

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The Ambient Networks Idea

• Ambient Networks
• Common Control Services
• Networks at the edge
• Auto-configuration
• Scalability

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The Ambient Control Space
Ambient Control Space
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Framework Functions

• Concurrently operating functions communicate
  through messages
• Logically centralized registryfor information
  aggregationand dissemination
• Conflictresolutionand consistencymaintenance

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Realisation Architecture of the Ambient Control
Space
Ambient Applications
ASI
Composition Coordination
Bearer Overlay Management
INQA SLA Management
Composition Agreement Negotiation
Mobility Management
Composition Management
Active Sets
configure Onode
To other ANs
ANI
Triggers /Advertisements
Flow Management MRRM
NetworkManagement
Trigger Context Management
Security domain Management
Connectivity Mgmt Generic Link Layer
ARI
Ambient Connectivity
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CompositionConcepts

• A network composition is the negotiation and the
  realization of a cooperation agreement among
  diverse Ambient Networks.
• Composed Ambient Networks cooperate, and appear
  as a single Ambient Network to the outside.
• The composition procedure is typically plugplay.

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Composition NetworkingExample 1
Ambient Networks composing to form an ad-hoc AN
scenario, flat composition
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Composition NetworkingExample 2
PANs compose with a moving network which provides
connectivity to a cellular network
Cell.
Train
PAN
PAN
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Composition NetworkingExample 3
Customers can roam into networks where operators
have made no agreements before
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AN bootstrapping

• Ambient Network Node (ANN)
• Embodies one or more Functional Entities of the
  ACS
• It is required to implement a basic ACS, which
  encompasses a basic set of Functional Entities
  including plugplay management, basic security
  (incl. ID management), and continuous
  connectivity
• Exposes a basic ANI to allow communication
  inside the cluster of ANNs

• Ambient Network (AN)
• Embodies all mandatory Functional Entities of
  the ACS (a minimum ACS)
• Composition is a mandatory Functional Entity,
  which also contains the necessary AN-ID used to
  identify the legal entities in a Composition
  Agreement
• Exposes a minimum ANI
• An AN is required to implement a minimum ACS and
  a minimum ANI, but not limited to it

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Bootstrapping/Composition
ID
ANN
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CompositionProcesses and Procedures

• The process of Ambient Network Composition can be
  applied recursively.
• Composed network may compose again.
• An Ambient Networks may take part multiple
  different composed networks concurrently.
• Three basic phases
• Attachment
• Agreement negotiation
• Agreement implementation and maintenance
• Procedures of composition identified so far
• Composition creation/ extension
• Composition Agreement modification
• Decomposition

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The Node ID Architecture
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Goals for theNode ID Architecture

• Working across heterogeneous domains
• Treat dynamic changes in a scalable manner
• A consistent architecture
• Make technologies, address domains and
  middleboxes first-order components of the
  architecture
• Support privacy, denial-of-service protection,
  and an always-on security model
• Strong incentives for migration and deployment
• Significant benefits for adopters even during
  partial deployment

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Node ID Architecture Overview
Applications
Transport

• New assumptions
• Multi-point connectivity
• Untrusted environment
• Mobility
• Multi-homing
• QoS

NEW
Node ID
IPvX/L3
L2
L1
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Node ID Arcitecture Details

• The key design elements of the node ID
  architecture are
• Independent LDs
• Reliance on self-managed, cryptographic NIDs
• Hybrid routing (locatorNID)
• Router referrals to avoid a single administration
• NID-based e2e security, privacy, and
  DoS-protection
• Integrated local, e2e and network mobility

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Security

• Initial handshake ( HIP) provides an always-on
  security model subsequent packets are protected
• The handshake also has basic DoS protection
• Additionally, nodes can manage their NIDs and NID
  routers in a Hi3-like manner to provide
  network-based DoS protection
• NIDs can be changed on the fly for privacy
  reasons, and NID routers provide location privacy

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Assumption 1

• The network consists of individual Locator
  Domains (LDs)
• LD is one routing domain using (a) the same
  locator namespace and (b) consistent routing
  system
• Within an LD nodes can freely communicate,
  without relying on external mechanisms
• For simplicity think of ANLD

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Assumption 2

• Connectivity between LDs is dynamic
• Routing changes, multi-homing or mobility events
  of nodes or networks
• We assume that there exists a stable core and
• mobility occurs at the edge

Core network
LD4
LD2
LD3
LD1
LD5
LD13
LD6
LD11
LD10
LD7
LD9
LD12
LD8
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Assumption 3

• No distinction between hosts and routers
• Traditional hosts can become routers, such as
  when a phone becomes the router for a PAN
  attached to the phone
• Servers that act as forwarding agents for
  mobility purposes

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Hybrid Routing

• We have routing on the LD internally (e.g. OSPF)
  as well as routing on NIDs by the NID routers
• This allows us to benefit from internal routing
  and scales better
• Still, handling NID routing in a completely free
  form topology would be challenging
• As a result, we assume a core and default routes
  up a tree-like structure emerges
• Different routing problems in (a) edge trees (b)
  core
• Use a routing hint to reduce routing state
• A hint to somewhere where the location of a Node
  ID is known!?

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The Routing Hint

• A hint to somewhere where the location of a Node
  ID is known!?

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Establishing connectivity

• DNS/Naming Resolution X
• A.LD1.com
• NID_A
• NID_NR3

CN
Lookup (default path)
Registration
Core NID router lookup service (DHT, table)
NR 4
LD 4
NR 3
LD 3
LD 6
NR 6
NR 1
LD 1
B
Well known default path
Known through registration
NR 5
NR 2
A
LD 2
LD 5
The Node ID architecture so far
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Mobility andMulti-homing

• Integrates local mobility, end-to-end mobility,
  and network mobility
• Even makes network-based multi-homing possible

(a)
(b)
(c)
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Routing Enhancements

• Route on LD_IDs instead of NIDs
• Enable use of multiple paths to core
• Capability aware routing
• Registration vs new routing protocol
• Disconnected operation

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• Project Organisation

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Project Partners
Financed by the European Commission (50)
Budget 20 000 000 EURO
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Timeline of the Project
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Structure of Work in Phase 2
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Summary

• AN project provides a new networking concept
• AN Highlights
• Composition
• Modular ACS
• ASI, ANI, ARI
• Phase 2 will provide a comprehensive A N
  prototype
• This talk is available at
• http//www.sics.se/aeg/talks/uppsala061205.ppt

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Further Reading

• Project web page
• http//www.ambient-networks.org
• Deliverable
• D 1.5 AN Framework Architecture
• Paper
• "A Node Identity Internetworking Architecture",
  Bengt Ahlgren, Jari Arkko, Lars Eggert and Jarno
  Rajahalme. 9th IEEE Global Internet Symposium ,
  Barcelona, Spain, April 28-29, 2006.

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Master thesis project

• www.sics.se/cna/exjobb.html

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• Thank you for your attention!!!