National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Programme

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National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring
and Surveillance Programme

Field Test Kit

Ministry of Rural Development Department of
Drinking Water Supply
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National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring
Surveillance Programme

• Launched in February 2006
• For the balance period of 10th Five Year Plan
• State-wise projects sanctioned on the basis of
  norms

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Components of the programme

• IEC
• HRD
• Monitoring Surveillance activities, which
  includes field test kits (chemical and
  bacteriological), strengthening of labs and
  administrative expenses
• Community Contribution for OM

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Total Estimated Cost of the programme in balance
10th FYP

• Total estimated cost for the remaining 10th Five
  Year Plan Period Rs.269.88 crore
• Funds released Rs. 57.84 crore
• Funds for IEC activities Rs 24.00 crore
• For HRD activities Rs 15.32 crore
• Cost of procurement of field test kits (14539
  demo
• kits and 35,000 operational kits) _at_ Rs 2500 per
  kit Rs 12.38 crore
• bacteriological test kits _at_ Rs 18 per ki Rs
  5.46 crore
• Honorarium to district surveillance co-ordinator
  Rs 0.26 crore
• SRI fees Rs 0.42 crore

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Variables involved in arriving Cost Norms and
their sources

• Rural Population As per Census 2001
• Number of Drinking water sources As per
  unvalidated Habitation Survey-2003
• Number of GPs, blocks and districts As per
  unvalidated Habitation Survey- 2003

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Objectives of the Programme

• Monitoring and Surveillance of all drinking water
  sources in the country by the community.
• Decentralization of water quality monitoring and
  surveillance of all rural drinking water sources
  in the country.
• Institutionalization of community participation
  and involvement of PRIs for WQMS
• Generation of awareness among the rural masses
  about water quality problem and water borne
  diseases.
• Building capacity of Panchayats to own the field
  test kit and take up full OM for WQMS of all
  drinking water sources.

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Concept of Monitoring Surveillance (MS)

• Monitoring Laboratory and / or Spot Testing of
  water samples collected from different locations
  in the water supply system including sources,
  water treatment plants, distribution system and
  house reservoirs.

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Concept of Monitoring Surveillance

• Surveillance Keeping a careful watch at all
  times, from the public health point of view over
  the safety and acceptability of drinking water
  supply.

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Key components of Surveillance

• A continues and systematic programme of sanitary
  inspection and water quality testing
• Monitoring
• Sanitary survey
• Data processing
• Evaluation
• Remedial and preventive action, and
• Institutional analysis

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Responsibilities for MS

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Strategy

• Constitution of National Rural Drinking Water
  Quality Advisory Committee
• Identification of National Referral Institute -
  NICD
• Entering into MoU with NRI
• Training for State officials
• Identification of State level Referral Institute
• Linkages of water quality monitoring and
  surveillance at all the levels NRI, SWSM/SRI,
  DWSM and GP/VWSC
• Identification/Registration of safe drinking
  water sources in all rural habitations (GP wise)

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Strategy (contd..2..)

• Taking up State and Region specific IEC
  activities involving PRIs, Co-operatives, Women
  groups, SHGs, NGOs by CCDU/SWSM
• HRD-Training at district, block and gram
  panchayat levels
• 10 sample testing At State level and
  surveillance by State Health Departments
• 30 testing At District level labs and
  surveillance by District Health Departments
• Sanitary surveys
• 100 testing of all sources at village level by
  grass root level workers.

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Institutional Mechanism

• At the Grass root level, the VWSC/GP will
  identify 5 workers and a Co-ordinator for testing
  drinking water using simple field testing kits
  (ASHA/Anganwadi/Science teacher/VWSC
  member/Panchayat member, etc.)
• Positive samples to be brought to District
  laboratory by the GP Co-ordinator
• DWSM and the District laboratory would administer
  IEC and HRD activities in the district involving
  PRIs, reputed NGOs and in active co-ordination
  with Health authorities at all levels.

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Institutional Mechanism (contd..2)

• Necessary restructuring of PHED may be done by
  States like JEs getting trained on water quality
  testing is suggested in case chemists are not
  available.
• The State Lab/SRI will cross-verify at least 10
  samples and also address complicated cases
  (Pesticides, Insecticides, radio-active pollution
  etc.)
• The SWSM would monitor the overall scenario and
  administer IEC and HRD activities through the
  CCDU.

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Role and Responsibilities Department of Drinking
Water Supply (DDWS)

• The entire programme will be monitored by DDWS as
  per the Implementation manual and guidelines
  issued for this programme.
• Advisory role - National Rural Drinking Water
  Quality Advisory Committee.
• Consultancy by National Referral Institute
  NICD, to act as consultants
• Providing training modules at all levels
• Evaluation of Field test kits

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Role and Responsibilities of National level
Referral Institute (NRI)

• An MoU has been signed between NICD and DDWS.
• Technical consultancy would be provided by NICD
  for this programme.
• Establishing linkages between water quality
  monitoring and surveillance.
• Processing, interpreting and evaluating all data
  pertaining to drinking water quality.
• Training of State level functionaries.

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Role and Responsibilities of State / State Water
and Sanitation Mission (SWSM)

• Identification of SRIs.
• Entering into MoU with SRIs Model MoU
  circulated to States.
• Guide district level laboratories in successful
  implementation of the programme.
• Provide feed back date on water quality along
  with information related to quality consciousness
  and awareness
• Plan, execute and monitor the collection, testing
  and reporting of water samples by state and
  district level laboratories.
• Data reporting as per the MIS provided by DDWS
• Promote peoples participation by involving
  target groups, educational institutions,
  voluntary organizations, women etc.
• To consider the technical policy inputs referred
  by SRI.
• To refer complex and nationally important water
  quality problems to DDWS.
• IEC and HRD activities Training for District
  level key trainers
• Identification of suitable resource institutions
  for imparting training , if required
• Procurement of Field test kits

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Role and Responsibilities of State level Referral
Institute (SRI)

• Entering into MoU with State Govt.
• SRI would advise PHEDs/ Water Boards in setting
  up District level Water Quality Testing labs.
• Identification and assessment of present
  facilities and needs including financial
  requirements
• Strengthening of labs at district level
• Arrangement of hardware and other requirements
• Establishing linkages between Water quality
  monitoring and surveillance activities
• Programme for training and development of human
  resources
• Guide the DWSM in the planning and implementation
  activities of the programme.
• To refer the complex and nationally important
  water quality problems to NRI

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Role and Responsibilities of District Water and
Sanitation Mission (DWSM)

• Provide facilities for routine analysis of
  physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters
  relating to drinking water.
• Implement the action plan decided by State
  Government/ SRI
• Implementing the programme at village level
• Procurement of Field test kits, if desired by the
  State govt.
• Supervise the operation of field test kits
  supplied to GPs under their jurisdiction and
  ensuring timely supply of chemicals and
  glassware's
• Arrange periodical monitoring of bacteriological
  quality of water from the sources in villages and
  report to State PHED for remedial measures.
• To refer complex water quality problems beyond
  their control to SRI/SWSM.
• IEC and HRD activities Training for Block level
  key trainers
• Supervision of surveillance activities by
  District level surveillance coordinators

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Role and Responsibilities of GP/ Village Water
and Sanitation Committee (VWSC)

• Monitoring of all drinking water sources
• Sanitary survey
• Disinfection
• Recording keeping
• Communication to District labs/ Health
  authorities for remedial action.

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Operational Aspects of National Rural Water
Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Programme

• Drinking water quality standards, epidemiological
  and health aspects of water quality, sampling
  procedures, specifications of labs, role and
  responsibilities of different functionaries could
  be followed as per the Implementation Manual.
• Sampling frequency, IEC Action Plan, HRD
  activities and Cost norms shall be followed as
  per the Guidelines only. Implementation Manual
  may be referred for directional aspects only.

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Parameters for testing

• At the State/District Lab -
• Colour, odour, taste, pH, turbidity, hardness,
  TDS, alkalinity, chloride, fluoride, nitrate,
  iron, arsenic, selenium, pesticides, MPN and
  faecal coliforms, etc. in reference to IS-10500.
• Testing procedures as per Standards Methods
  /IS-2488, IS 3025.
• May initially examine all parameters and set only
  key parameters for routine analysis.
• At GP using Field Test Kits
• As given at item-10.2.2 in the Implementation
  manual
• Includes analysis of turbidity, pH, hardness,
  chloride, iron, nitrate, fluoride, residual
  chlorine, arsenic and bacteriological quality
  (only for qualitative analysis)
• May restrict later on to region-specific elements
  only.

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Sampling Frequency

• Quarterly for bacteriological parameter as per
  Implementation Manual.
• Once a year for chemical parameters as per
  guidelines
• Once a year Sanitary survey

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Sampling Frequency Sanitary Inspections

• Frequency depends on the types of sources
• Once in a year for wells, springs and piped water
  supplies by GRW
• Once initially and there after once every five
  years or as situation demands by surveillance
  agency
• Quarterly for covered dug wells and shallow and
  deep tube wells with hand pumps by GRW
• Once initially and there as situation demands by
  surveillance agency
• Once in a month for open well by GRW
• Once initially and there after as situation
  demands by surveillance agency

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Sampling Frequency Sanitary Inspections

• Once in a month for Population up to 5000 by GRW
  and two times in year by supply agency
• Once in a year in community rainwater collection
  systems by GRW

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IEC activities

• Inter-personal communication (door to door
  contact)
• Audio-visual publicity
• Hoarding and wall writing etc
• Slogans, picture frames, group meetings, street
  play, participatory rural appraisal and
  exhibition may be used as a tools.
• To be operationalized through the CCDU/ SWSM

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Illustrative list of activities under HRD

• Training of VWSCs/GPs on
• o       Water quality issues including health
  related diseases
• o       Water quality monitoring
• Water quality surveillance
• o       Sanitation and hygiene
• Training of block, district level officers, State
  level functionaries on
• o       Social mobilization
• o       Water quality monitoring and surveillance
• o       Sanitation and hygiene

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HRD-Training

• No. of persons to be trained at State 2 by NRI
  70 persons
• (one from State Govt and one from SRI)
• No. of persons to be trained at District 4 by
  SRI 2368 persons
• No. of persons to be trained at Block-5 By DWSM
  31795 persons
• No. of persons to be trained at GP-5 grass root
  level workers 1 co-ordinator By Block 1166670
  GRWs 233334 co-ord.

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HRD-Training Cost Norms

• For State officials Rs 1.92 lakh TA/DA as per
  Government rules per training course 5 days
  duration
• For District officials Rs 1.92 lakh TA/DA (Rs
  1500 for traveling expenses, Rs 100 per day for
  DA). TA/DA be provided as per actual and
  Government rules- 5 days duration
• For Block officials Rs 30,000 inclusive of
  TA/DA per course 3 days duration.
• For Grass root level workers Rs 15,000
  inclusive of TA/DA per course 2 days duration.
• Maximum of 25 persons per training course.

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Procurement of Field Testing Kits

• Procurement action may be decided by the SWSM.
• Field test kits for Demo purpose
• NICD 7, DDWS 3, State/SRI 1, District 3,
  Block2 nos.
• Field test kits for regular monitoring at GP
  level
• Chemical FTK would be provided one per GP. At
  least one time sampling in a year.
• Bacteriological test kits would be provided for
  all sources and testing should be done 4 times in
  a year.
• Maximum cost for chemical FTK Rs.2500 per kit
• For bacteriological test kit Rs.18/- per kit

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District Laboratories

• For establishing new lab Rs 4 lakh.
• States are requested to immediately put up
  proposals separately as formation of district lab
  is mandatory for implementation of the programme
• For strengthening of existing labs initially Rs
  1 lakh per lab could be considered both for
  Centre sanctioned and State sanctioned Labs
  (Maximum one lab per district or island).
• Any further strengthening of labs could be
  considered after SRI send its proposal and the
  NRI recommends the same.
• Any further strengthening of labs (including
  specific arsenic testing facility in affected
  districts) could be considered after SRI send its
  proposal and the NRI recommends the same.

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Administrative Expenses

• Travel and transport at GP level Rs 60 per
  quarter per GP (basis actual costs as
  suggested by select States)
• Data reporting at district level laboratory (for
  acknowledgment and information purposes) 70
  paise per sample.
• Stationery to GPs Rs 50 per GP per year
• Honorarium to One district level surveillance
  co-ordinator Rs 1500 per month Please select
  employee from local Health department.
• Technical consultancy fee to SRI Rs 4.8 lakh
  per year
• Water testing, documentation and data entry fee
  to District Laboratories Rs 90 per sample. It
  is estimated that 30 of total drinking water
  sources may be required for testing. Therefore,
  costs per year has been calculated based on
  number of drinking water sources reported.

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Community Contribution

• It is estimated that Re 1 may be required per
  family per month for the following OM costs -
• Refilling cost of Field test kits Rs 500 per GP
• Honorarium to 5 Grass root level workers _at_ Rs 500
  per person per annum
• Cost of disinfectants and minor remedial expenses
  Rs 1500 per annum per GP
• Annuity cost (for procuring kit after expiry of
  Govt. provided FTK) Rs 250 per GP per year.
• Honorarium to one GP Co-ordinator who
  co-ordinates activities of the 5 grass root level
  workers Rs 1200 per annum.

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Funds Flow

• For IEC and HRD activities Centre to
  SWSM(CCDU), State to decide further funds flow.
• For strengthening of laboratories Centre to
  PHED/Board and then to DWSC/District labs.
• Field testing kits Centre to State/Board.
  State to decide procurement strategy.
• Administrative expenses Centre to State/Board.
  State to administer funds flow as per Cost norms
  indicated in the Guidelines.
• Community contribution Funds for IEC may also
  be used to make them to own the kits and take up
  full OM. They may use the existing bank
  accounts of TSC or Swajaldhara programmes, with
  separate ledger.

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Monitoring and MIS

• District laboratory is the primary agent for
  electronic data entry, based on verification of
  data from FTKs.
• All district labs not having PC and accessories
  may send proposals under MIS programme
• Suitable MIS software is under preparation by
  DDWS and will be given to all States/districts
  for on-line monitoring.
• Involvement of Health officials for disease
  surveillance and updating of records by the
  district labs is mandatory.
• SRI to specifically look into the data generated
  from districts and advise the State Govt. (PHED).
• SRI to refer complicated cases to NRI.
• DDWS to monitor overall implementation of the
  programme

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Monitoring

• Monitoring through regular field inspection by
  the State and District officials
• Monitoring by Review Missions of GoI

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• WATER
• Warrants Adequate Testing for Effective
  Regulation of quality
• Thank you.